Latin American Policy最新文献

{"title":"The End of the Liberal Order—What Liberal Order? Peace and Conflict in an Illiberal World","authors":"Andrea Oelsner","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Ideology to Pragmatism: Domestic Challenges Shaping Foreign Policy in Latin America's New Left","authors":"Juan Pablo Sims,&nbsp;Brice Tseen Fu Lee,&nbsp;Yun-Tso Lee,&nbsp;Daniela Catalina Cerda","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The resurgence of left-wing governments in Latin America since 2018 has prompted comparisons to the early 2000s Pink Tide movement. However, this study argues that the current left-wing administrations diverge significantly in their foreign policy approaches from the original Pink Tide. Utilizing a mixed-methods framework that combines foreign policy analysis with latent Dirichlet allocation topic modelling of presidential speeches, the research examines how domestic factors influence foreign policy decisions. The findings reveal that economic difficulties, escalating crime rates, political polarization, and fluctuating public approval are primary drivers compelling these governments toward more pragmatic and nationally focused foreign policies. This shift underscores a prioritization of domestic imperatives over regional ideological alignment, signaling a transformation from the Pink Tide's collective aspirations to individualized national strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145407287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Video Assistant Referee(ndums): A Populist Weapon or Effective Tool to Stop Autocrats in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes in Latin America?","authors":"Muhammet Derviş Mete","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, video assistant referee systems have been increasingly used to correct unfair decisions in sports. Similarly, I argue that constitutional referendums play a corrective role in hybrid or competitive authoritarian regimes, where the electoral referee is biased and the government enjoys unfair advantages. Unlike well-functioning democracies with strong accountability mechanisms or outright authoritarian regimes where elections are meaningless, competitive authoritarian systems still leave room for genuine contestation. Despite the widespread skepticism toward referendums, due to concerns about elite control, lack of deliberation, and majoritarian risks, I suggest that referendums in these hybrid regimes are crucial tools for challenging entrenched rulers. Mainstream constitutional law literature tends to overlook this function. This article challenges conventional approaches by highlighting the necessity of constitutional referendums in Latin America's competitive authoritarian contexts. Using empirical evidence from Venezuela, Bolivia, and Ecuador, I demonstrate how referendums were instrumental in confronting leaders who sought to tighten their grip on power, notably by removing presidential term limits. This analysis contributes to broader debates on the role of direct democracy under nonideal democratic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lamp.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145407117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bringing War Back In: Victory, Defeat, and the State in Nineteenth-Century Latin America. By Luis Schenoni, Cambridge University, 2024. 326 pp.","authors":"Raúl Aldaz Peña","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145406788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology Policy Maneuvers Amid Hegemonic Pressures: The Digital TV and Radio Spectrum Policy in Argentina","authors":"Maximiliano Facundo Vila Seoane","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The article posits that the concept of technology policy maneuver helps to understand the different ways in which peripheral states may respond to the inducements and pressures of hegemonic powers to pursue a particular technology policy choice. Technology policy maneuver may or may not have a direction of alignment with the hegemon's preferences, depending on the state's foreign policy orientation and the existence of countervailing inducements and pressures by foreign states and related interest groups that offset those imposed by the hegemon. Moreover, the intensity of the policy state maneuver depends on the presence of a link between the country's foreign and national technology policies. This article illustrates technology policy maneuver by undertaking a comparative examination of three telecommunications policy choices made by different Argentine administrations—a digital TV standard, 5G, and Wi-Fi 6. These examples shed light on the kind of agency Argentine policymakers had amid hegemonic inducements and pressures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145367003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing Policy Paradigms Through Implementation: Medical Cannabis Reforms in Colombia and Argentina","authors":"Luis Rivera-Vélez,&nbsp;María Cecilia Díaz","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article explores how medicinal cannabis policy reforms in Colombia and Argentina evolved not through radical legislative overhaul but through incremental and contested adjustments during implementation. Drawing on the policy paradigms framework, we offer a Latin American application of recent conceptualizations that view paradigms not as fully formed at the time of adoption but as gradually constructed through actor responses to implementation anomalies—mismatches between policy expectations and real-world effects. Using comparative process tracing, we show how mid-level bureaucrats, civil society actors, and cannabis entrepreneurs reinterpreted these anomalies to revise instruments, redefine goals, and reshape ideas of legitimate medical cannabis use. In Colombia, a pharmaceutical, export-oriented paradigm was adjusted in response to market and bureaucratic bottlenecks by authorizing flower exports and tolerating informal access arrangements. In Argentina, civil society pressure led to reforms recognizing home and associative cultivation, culminating in an inclusive industrial legislation. These cases illustrate that implementation is not a neutral delivery phase but a key arena for paradigm construction and political contestation. The article contributes to scholarship on policy change, moral regulation, and cannabis governance by showing how post-decision reforms can recalibrate the content and direction of emerging policy paradigms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145367004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amazonia: A Puzzle Between Development and Sustainability?","authors":"Roberto Duran-Fernandez,&nbsp;Taciana de Carvalho Coutinho","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Amazonia is one of the most ecological and culturally significant regions on the planet, yet it continues to experience deep social and economic marginalization. This article examines the paradox of a territory rich in biodiversity and environmental assets that struggles to convert this wealth into sustainable development and human well-being. Drawing on original fieldwork conducted in the Brazil–Peru–Colombia tri-border region, and combining insight from historical, economic, and institutional analysis, the article explores the forces shaping Amazonia's development trajectory. It assesses critically the emergence of the bioeconomy as an alternative to extractive growth models, highlighting both its transformative potential and its inherent contradictions, particularly regarding the commodification of ecosystem services and weak institutional capacity. Through 4 original community-based case studies, the article demonstrates how local initiatives led by indigenous and traditional actors are reconciling biodiversity conservation with inclusive economic strategies. The study's key finding is that sustainable development in Amazonia is not only technically feasible but already underway in many grassroots initiatives, though scaling these efforts requires institutional transformation grounded in territorial governance, intercultural dialog, and historical awareness. The article argues that Amazonia's future hinges not just on innovation but on rethinking development itself.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145367005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"North American Regionalism: Stagnation, Decline, or Renewal? By Eric Hershberg and Tom Long University of New Mexico Press, 2023. 276 pp. $38.86 (Paperback). ISBN: 978-0-8263-6519-4 (Cloth), 978-0-8263-6520-0 (Paper).","authors":"Abelardo Rodríguez Sumano","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Letter","authors":"Isidro Morales","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70027","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Our third issue of Latin American Policy (LAP) for 2025 includes 6 studies dealing with current issues in the region. Raphael Leao and Luis F. Goulao provide a new framework for analyzing rural development in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Meanwhile, Lucas Sudbrack examines how perceptions of China in South America are influenced by political ideology in larger and more diverse economies, by perceived social class in market-oriented nations, and by environmental and extractivist concerns in resource-dependent countries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carolina Betancur and Claudio Parés argue that gender and incumbency play critical roles in fundraising and in the electoral process, contributing to a gender disadvantage. By studying the 2021 Chilean Constitutional Convention election, a process that had no incumbency effects and which enforced both entrance and exit parity, they conclude that there are effective ways to promote gender parity not only in the election for which they were designed but also in subsequent elections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Daniel Egaña et al. constructed a matrix of public policy recommendations to improve food environments in Chile. The results show the population is aware of the issue, is clear about the solutions to the problems that affect it, and realizes that what was proposed requires political will on the part of both local and national authorities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carlos Moreno-Jaimes and Alfonso Rojas-Alvarez conducted an online survey involving graduate students preparing to influence public policymaking in the United States and Mexico. It revealed that polarized partisans in the two nations have contrasting viewpoints about the problems of the neighboring country and about the role that their own country should play in the binational relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using data from the National Center of Historic Memory and Civil Registration and Vital Statistics of Colombia, Harold Mera León and Camilo Echandía examine the effects of regional violence on neonatal health outcomes. Their study reveals a significant correlation between Colombian Armed Conflict dynamics and increased adverse outcomes, particularly in urban areas, from 2003 to 2007.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This issue also includes an Opinion article, authored by three distinguished Latin American researchers—Guadalupe González, Mónica Hirst, and Carlos Luján. They argue that Donald Trump uses LAC to test its capacity for command, subordination, and extortion by dictating unilaterally specific agendas such as migration, security, border control, trade, and investment while ignoring issues related to the environment, energy transition, international cooperation, and technology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, we include two review essays. The first is written by Jialin Shi, on Catalina Montoya Londoño's book titled &lt;i&gt;Shaping Peacebuilding in Colombia: International Frames and Spatial Transformation&lt;/i&gt;, published by Bristol University in 2023. The other covers the important topic of North American regional integration, with a review ","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lamp.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Perspectives of Rural Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Contextualized Framework Tested by Clustering Analysis","authors":"Raphael Leao,&nbsp;Luis F. Goulao","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the contextual dynamics of development projects is essential for achieving effective and sustainable outcomes. While existing frameworks provide guidance for translating rural development concepts into structured thematic areas and indicators, they often lack specificity to regional characteristics. This limitation is particularly evident in regions like Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), where diverse socioeconomic and geographical contexts demand tailored approaches. Here, we developed a dedicated framework designed to capture the unique features of the LAC region. It is structured around four dimensions, 14 themes, and 33 parameters, providing a comprehensive foundation for planning and evaluating rural development initiatives. To operationalize this framework, we employed machine learning techniques to group countries based on shared characteristics and similarities, enabling an unbiased identification of key dimensions. Our analysis identified eight clusters, some reflecting geographical coherence—such as island nations in the Caribbean and countries in northern Central America—while others revealed unexpected groupings, including Brazil with Ecuador and Panama. These results underscore the utility of the framework in uncovering both intuitive and novel insights. This contextualized framework offers a robust reference tool for exploring rural development in LAC, facilitating evidence-based planning and fostering a deeper understanding of the region's diverse rural contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}