Latin American Policy最新文献

{"title":"Neonatal Health Within War Contexts: Insights From the Colombian Experience, 1998–2007","authors":"Harold Mera León,&nbsp;Camilo Echandía Castilla","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Colombian Armed Conflict intensified 1998–2002, with its urban dynamics continuing to influence neonatal health through 2007. Using data from the National Centre of Historic Memory and Civil Registration and Vital Statistics, this study examines the effects of regional violence on neonatal health outcomes. Employing a difference-in-differences approach and logistic regression analysis, we assessed the likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes—such as preterm births, low birth weights, and stillbirths-miscarriages—in regions with varying levels of violence. Results reveal a significant correlation between Colombian Armed Conflict dynamics and increased adverse outcomes, particularly in urban settlements 2003–2007. Women in heavily affected regions like Antioquia were more likely to transmit health disadvantages to their newborns, especially after 2002, the peak year of violence. This study highlights the disproportionate effects of this violence on neonatal health, emphasizing the role of the “Policy of Democratic Security” in reshaping violence patterns and exacerbating health disparities. By focusing on the differential effects of violence across rural and urban settings, this study provides critical empirical evidence on how conflict dynamics influence neonatal well-being, offering new insight into the long-term health consequences of armed conflict.</p>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lamp.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping Peacebuilding in Colombia: International Frames and Spatial Transformation. By Catalina Montoya Londoño, Bristol University, 2023. 278 pp. $139.95 (hardcover). ISBN: 978-1-52-921170-2","authors":"Jialin Shi","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Polarization and the Binational Agenda in Mexico and the United States","authors":"Carlos Moreno-Jaimes,&nbsp;Alfonso Rojas-Alvarez","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We argue that affective polarization and foreign policy preferences are deeply connected in Mexico and the United States. Based on data from an online survey conducted by the authors involving graduate students preparing to influence public policymaking, this article reveals that polarized partisans in the two nations have contrasting viewpoints about the problems of the neighboring country and about the role that their own country should play in the binational relationship. In the United States, extreme Democrats and moderates are more prone to binational collaboration and more critical of the role that the United States has played regarding Mexico's policy problems. Extreme Republicans are more critical of the binational relationship and have a more negative view of Mexico and its problems than other partisan groups. In Mexico, polarized supporters of the Morena party have the most nationalist foreign policy preferences, while their political rivals are more prone to the United States. Our findings emphasize that the binational relationship is twice as divisive for Americans than for Mexicans and that there are a few policy issues where rival political groups converge. Our study uniquely examines the relationship between affective polarization and foreign policy preferences in the context of the Mexico–United States relationship.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory Experience of Local Policy Making to Transform Food Environments: The Case of Two Municipalities in Santiago, Chile, 2023","authors":"Daniel Egaña,&nbsp;Patricia Gálvez,&nbsp;Rodrigo Villegas,&nbsp;Paulina Molina,&nbsp;Sofía Bustos,&nbsp;Lorena Rodríguez-Osiac","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Several studies indicate that characteristics of food environments affect eating behavior. The transformation of food environments depends on their regulation, and participatory bodies can provide greater relevance and legitimacy to these regulations. This article presents the results of the final phase of the study “Assessing food environments at home: a contribution to local policies.” Local stakeholders in two Chilean communes constructed the recommendations; inputs for the construction of the proposals come from previous phases, (1) adaptation and validation of the Perceived Nutritional Environment Measurement Survey (NEMS-P-Ch) and (2) application of NEMS-P-Ch in households in high and low socioeconomic sectors, and comparison of results. After conducting two workshops and two discussions, a matrix of public policy recommendations was constructed to improve food environments. The results show that the population is aware of the issue, that they are clear about the solutions to the problems that affect them, and that what was proposed requires political will on the part of both local and national authorities. There is a clear need to transform food environments from the regulatory, normative, programmatic, and legislative point of view, as well as to strengthen people's capacities and skills to manage their health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Economic Ties Shape Views of China: Ideology, Class, and Environmental Concerns in Latin America","authors":"Lucas Sudbrack","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>China's growing presence in Latin America has led to different patterns of economic engagement across the region, often reinforcing processes that sustain the countries' development models. Focusing on South America, this article examines how perceptions of China are influenced by political ideology in larger and more diverse economies, by perceived social class in market-oriented nations, and by environmental and extractivist concerns in resource-dependent countries. With data from the 2023 wave of the Latinobarometer, multivariate linear and generalized linear mixed models with interaction effects show that negative views of China among right-wingers strengthen the effect of ideology in larger and more diverse economies such as Brazil, while upper class identification predicts significantly more positive views of China in market-friendly Chile and Peru. Although not consistent across all models, the results also suggest a stronger relationship between positive views of China and the belief in sustainable growth in resource-dependent countries, notably Ecuador. These findings underscore how economic structure and bilateral relations influence public opinion toward China, highlighting the role of domestic political discourse and social divisions in unequal democracies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Presentation to Our Second Number for 2025","authors":"Isidro Morales","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This issue of <i>Latin American Policy</i> includes six original research articles and an Opinion piece on how Trump is transforming the global order. Luis Vargas-Faulbaum, Juan Jacobo Velasco, and Gibrán Cruz-Martínez investigate the repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic on existing cash transfers and labor programs in Latin America. Through statistical analysis, the research reveals an expansion in cash transfer programs but no significant growth in labor programs. Benjamin Kurylo's research focuses on El Salvador's transition from dollarization to Bitcoinization, highlighting the country's innovative policies. The research concludes that neither policy alone has been effective in transforming the economy or promoting sustainable growth.</p><p>Alberto Lioy and Felipe Jaramillo Ruiz's research delves into the contradictions of centralized state planning in Colombia within the context of neoliberalism. By analyzing academic literature and national development plans spanning five decades, the study uncovers key debates surrounding Colombia's development model. By synthesizing various sources, the research aims to dispel misconceptions and provide a clearer understanding of Colombia's development challenges.</p><p>Maria Clara Oliveira and Fernanda Lima-Silva's article focuses on the reform of Sao Paulo's transportation policy, specifically the revitalization of Detran.SP. The study explores the challenges and outcomes of the administrative reform of this subnational agency in Brazil. By analyzing documents and conducting interviews with stakeholders involved in the reform, the research compares the situation before and after the reform, highlighting the various modifications made to the transportation policy. The article contributes to theoretical discussions by examining a complex policy reform process in Sao Paulo, shedding light on reform processes in Brazil, particularly at the state level.</p><p>Diego S. Crescentino explores the role of academia in shaping Brazilian foreign policy, challenging the traditional focus on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The study highlights the influence of academic actors in contributing intellectual frameworks that influence diplomatic strategies, alongside the government's role in policy formulation. The findings reveal that academic contributions have both reinforced and challenged official foreign policy narratives, depending on alignment or divergence with state-led frameworks.</p><p>Edgar Demetrio Tovar-García and Felipe De Anda's research focuses on the relationship between trust and entrepreneurial internationalization by examining Mexican entrepreneurs. The study surveyed 103 entrepreneurs who are members of Coparmex, Jalisco delegation, to analyze trust levels among domestic and internationalized entrepreneurs. The findings have policy implications, emphasizing the importance of fostering trust with foreign partners, promoting international networking and transparency, and providing training in glo","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lamp.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Reform of Sao Paulo's Transportation Policy: The Rebirth of Detran.SP","authors":"Maria Clara Oliveira,&nbsp;Fernanda Lima-Silva","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent decades, states have gone to great lengths to modernize and improve the efficiency and quality of government action. Yet, these endeavors are often only partially implemented and can be challenging, particularly at the local level. This article examines the magnitude and effects of the recent administrative reform of a subnational agency, the Transportation Department of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Drawing on the analysis of documents and interviews with stakeholders engaged in the reform and on a framework to analyze policy changes, the article compares the pre- and post-reform periods, identifying the different sorts of alterations introduced to the transportation policy. Such changes have resulted in the internal reorganization of the department and a reconfiguration of the delivery of policies and of the interaction between the agency and citizens. The article advances theoretical debates by applying Howlett and Cashore's framework to the study of a process of policy reform involving multiple and simultaneous alterations to the state of Sao Paulo's transportation policy, contributing to a deeper understanding of reform processes in Brazil, notably at the state level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Dollarization to Bitcoinization: El Salvador's Monetary Experiment","authors":"Benjamin Kurylo","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>萨尔瓦多通过实施雄心勃勃的政策, 例如在2001年采用美元和在2021年采用比特币, 已成为拉丁美洲的先驱。本研究分析了这些货币的采用对萨尔瓦多经济的影响。研究探讨了促使实施这两项措施的根本因素, 探究了它们的相似性和相互关联性, 并评估了它们对国民经济的影响。本文得出结论:事实证明, 政策不足以改变萨尔瓦多的经济, 也无法促进可持续增长和进步。单靠货币改革不足以充分解决萨尔瓦多面临的结构性经济困难。因此, 必须考虑采取替代性战略和综合措施来克服这些挑战, 并刺激该国的长期经济发展。</p><p>El Salvador se ha consolidado como un país pionero en América Latina al implementar políticas ambiciosas como la adopción del dólar estadounidense en 2001 y del bitcoin en 2021. Esta investigación analiza las implicaciones que estas adopciones monetarias conllevan para la economía salvadoreña. Profundiza en los factores subyacentes que impulsaron la implementación de ambas medidas, explora sus similitudes e interconexiones, y evalúa sus efectos en la economía nacional. El artículo concluye que ninguna de estas políticas ha sido suficiente para transformar la economía salvadoreña ni para fomentar el crecimiento y el progreso sostenible. Los cambios monetarios por sí solos no pueden abordar adecuadamente las dificultades económicas estructurales que enfrenta El Salvador. Por lo tanto, es necesario considerar estrategias alternativas y enfoques integrales para superar estos desafíos e impulsar el desarrollo económico a largo plazo en el país.</p>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Non-Hegemonic Order: A View From Latin America","authors":"Roberto Russell,&nbsp;Juan Gabriel Tokatlian","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoliberalism and the Contradictions of Centralized State Planning in Colombia: Development, Democracy, Peace, and Rural Transformations","authors":"Alberto Lioy,&nbsp;Felipe Jaramillo Ruiz","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the academic literature and reports on Colombia's National Development Plans over the past 50 years. It aims to identify the central debates regarding Colombia's development model, addressing a series of contradictions, path-dependent outcomes, salient variations, and issue framing. This work is based on a comprehensive web search of internet repositories of academic journals (mainly LatIndex and Google Scholar) to retrieve materials discussing Colombia's National Development Plans. The 60 articles and reports analyzed date from 1975 until 2023 and include the most relevant materials regarding the proposed topic. As in all interpretative research processes, the main arguments of this article emerged gradually, first by reading the articles as separate pieces of data and then by trying to identify connecting dots in the most recurrent arguments and themes. This study identifies four salient and interrelated debates that emerge continuously regarding Colombia's National Development Plans—the historical prevalence of the neoliberal development model, the continuation of a democratic deficit in the conception of development, the abandonment of the rural areas in development strategies, and the relationship between the development model and armed conflict. This research shows how these debates are interwoven and have as a common denominator the historical circumstances underlying the incorporation of the neoliberal model in Colombia's National Development Plans. It creates connections between different materials and corrects existing fallacies and false beliefs concerning the planning processes and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lamp.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}