Latin American Policy最新文献

{"title":"Editorial Presentation to Our Second Number for 2025","authors":"Isidro Morales","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This issue of <i>Latin American Policy</i> includes six original research articles and an Opinion piece on how Trump is transforming the global order. Luis Vargas-Faulbaum, Juan Jacobo Velasco, and Gibrán Cruz-Martínez investigate the repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic on existing cash transfers and labor programs in Latin America. Through statistical analysis, the research reveals an expansion in cash transfer programs but no significant growth in labor programs. Benjamin Kurylo's research focuses on El Salvador's transition from dollarization to Bitcoinization, highlighting the country's innovative policies. The research concludes that neither policy alone has been effective in transforming the economy or promoting sustainable growth.</p><p>Alberto Lioy and Felipe Jaramillo Ruiz's research delves into the contradictions of centralized state planning in Colombia within the context of neoliberalism. By analyzing academic literature and national development plans spanning five decades, the study uncovers key debates surrounding Colombia's development model. By synthesizing various sources, the research aims to dispel misconceptions and provide a clearer understanding of Colombia's development challenges.</p><p>Maria Clara Oliveira and Fernanda Lima-Silva's article focuses on the reform of Sao Paulo's transportation policy, specifically the revitalization of Detran.SP. The study explores the challenges and outcomes of the administrative reform of this subnational agency in Brazil. By analyzing documents and conducting interviews with stakeholders involved in the reform, the research compares the situation before and after the reform, highlighting the various modifications made to the transportation policy. The article contributes to theoretical discussions by examining a complex policy reform process in Sao Paulo, shedding light on reform processes in Brazil, particularly at the state level.</p><p>Diego S. Crescentino explores the role of academia in shaping Brazilian foreign policy, challenging the traditional focus on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The study highlights the influence of academic actors in contributing intellectual frameworks that influence diplomatic strategies, alongside the government's role in policy formulation. The findings reveal that academic contributions have both reinforced and challenged official foreign policy narratives, depending on alignment or divergence with state-led frameworks.</p><p>Edgar Demetrio Tovar-García and Felipe De Anda's research focuses on the relationship between trust and entrepreneurial internationalization by examining Mexican entrepreneurs. The study surveyed 103 entrepreneurs who are members of Coparmex, Jalisco delegation, to analyze trust levels among domestic and internationalized entrepreneurs. The findings have policy implications, emphasizing the importance of fostering trust with foreign partners, promoting international networking and transparency, and providing training in glo","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lamp.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Reform of Sao Paulo's Transportation Policy: The Rebirth of Detran.SP","authors":"Maria Clara Oliveira,&nbsp;Fernanda Lima-Silva","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent decades, states have gone to great lengths to modernize and improve the efficiency and quality of government action. Yet, these endeavors are often only partially implemented and can be challenging, particularly at the local level. This article examines the magnitude and effects of the recent administrative reform of a subnational agency, the Transportation Department of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Drawing on the analysis of documents and interviews with stakeholders engaged in the reform and on a framework to analyze policy changes, the article compares the pre- and post-reform periods, identifying the different sorts of alterations introduced to the transportation policy. Such changes have resulted in the internal reorganization of the department and a reconfiguration of the delivery of policies and of the interaction between the agency and citizens. The article advances theoretical debates by applying Howlett and Cashore's framework to the study of a process of policy reform involving multiple and simultaneous alterations to the state of Sao Paulo's transportation policy, contributing to a deeper understanding of reform processes in Brazil, notably at the state level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Dollarization to Bitcoinization: El Salvador's Monetary Experiment","authors":"Benjamin Kurylo","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>萨尔瓦多通过实施雄心勃勃的政策, 例如在2001年采用美元和在2021年采用比特币, 已成为拉丁美洲的先驱。本研究分析了这些货币的采用对萨尔瓦多经济的影响。研究探讨了促使实施这两项措施的根本因素, 探究了它们的相似性和相互关联性, 并评估了它们对国民经济的影响。本文得出结论:事实证明, 政策不足以改变萨尔瓦多的经济, 也无法促进可持续增长和进步。单靠货币改革不足以充分解决萨尔瓦多面临的结构性经济困难。因此, 必须考虑采取替代性战略和综合措施来克服这些挑战, 并刺激该国的长期经济发展。</p><p>El Salvador se ha consolidado como un país pionero en América Latina al implementar políticas ambiciosas como la adopción del dólar estadounidense en 2001 y del bitcoin en 2021. Esta investigación analiza las implicaciones que estas adopciones monetarias conllevan para la economía salvadoreña. Profundiza en los factores subyacentes que impulsaron la implementación de ambas medidas, explora sus similitudes e interconexiones, y evalúa sus efectos en la economía nacional. El artículo concluye que ninguna de estas políticas ha sido suficiente para transformar la economía salvadoreña ni para fomentar el crecimiento y el progreso sostenible. Los cambios monetarios por sí solos no pueden abordar adecuadamente las dificultades económicas estructurales que enfrenta El Salvador. Por lo tanto, es necesario considerar estrategias alternativas y enfoques integrales para superar estos desafíos e impulsar el desarrollo económico a largo plazo en el país.</p>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Non-Hegemonic Order: A View From Latin America","authors":"Roberto Russell,&nbsp;Juan Gabriel Tokatlian","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoliberalism and the Contradictions of Centralized State Planning in Colombia: Development, Democracy, Peace, and Rural Transformations","authors":"Alberto Lioy,&nbsp;Felipe Jaramillo Ruiz","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the academic literature and reports on Colombia's National Development Plans over the past 50 years. It aims to identify the central debates regarding Colombia's development model, addressing a series of contradictions, path-dependent outcomes, salient variations, and issue framing. This work is based on a comprehensive web search of internet repositories of academic journals (mainly LatIndex and Google Scholar) to retrieve materials discussing Colombia's National Development Plans. The 60 articles and reports analyzed date from 1975 until 2023 and include the most relevant materials regarding the proposed topic. As in all interpretative research processes, the main arguments of this article emerged gradually, first by reading the articles as separate pieces of data and then by trying to identify connecting dots in the most recurrent arguments and themes. This study identifies four salient and interrelated debates that emerge continuously regarding Colombia's National Development Plans—the historical prevalence of the neoliberal development model, the continuation of a democratic deficit in the conception of development, the abandonment of the rural areas in development strategies, and the relationship between the development model and armed conflict. This research shows how these debates are interwoven and have as a common denominator the historical circumstances underlying the incorporation of the neoliberal model in Colombia's National Development Plans. It creates connections between different materials and corrects existing fallacies and false beliefs concerning the planning processes and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lamp.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Emergency Measures: Assessing Preexisting Social Policy and Labor Program Expansion in Latin America During COVID-19","authors":"Luis Vargas-Faulbaum,&nbsp;Juan Jacobo Velasco,&nbsp;Gibrán Cruz-Martínez","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on preexisting cash transfers and labor programs across Latin America, analyzing their temporal expansion and identifying the determinants of changes in their generosity and coverage, with a particular focus on the inclusion of informal workers. The research employed two main analytical approaches, (1) inferential statistics (<i>t</i>-tests) to examine program expansion and its temporality across 17 Latin American countries, and (2) pooled time-series cross-section regression analysis with panel-corrected standard errors to investigate determinants of program transformations. The study focuses on two types of social assistance programs—conditional cash transfers and labor and productive inclusion programs. Data was collected for the period 2019–2022 period. Results show the region experienced an expansion in preexisting cash transfer programs, in addition to the previously documented growth in emergency cash transfer programs. No significant expansion was observed in labor and productive inclusion programs. Policy legacies emerged as the primary determinant for social policy transformations. While conditional cash transfer programs expanded, labor programs remained largely unchanged. The findings underscore the critical role of policy legacies in shaping the evolution of social assistance programs during the pandemic, particularly in their expansion to include informal workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lamp.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internationalization and Trust From the Perspective of Mexican Entrepreneurs: Policy Implications for Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Developing Countries","authors":"Edgar Demetrio Tovar-García,&nbsp;Felipe De Anda","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article examines the associations between trust—institutional and personal—and entrepreneurial internationalization by surveying to collect data from entrepreneurs (owners or chief executive officers). The survey involved a representative sample of 103 respondents who are members of the Employers Confederation of the Mexican Republic (Coparmex), Jalisco delegation. The survey process facilitated a comprehensive diagnosis, identifying trust levels among domestic and internationalized entrepreneurs. Based on <i>t-</i>tests for mean comparisons, correlation, and regression analyses, the trust levels reported by entrepreneurs do not differentiate between those with exported sales and those with only local businesses. It suggests, all else being equal, that the trust of foreign partners should explain the possibilities for the internationalization of Mexican entrepreneurs. These findings have policy implications to support international networking and transparency by providing training in global business practices based on building trust with foreign partners and strengthening diplomatic relations and access to market information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the Mold: Brazil's Foreign Policy Insights","authors":"Diego S. Crescentino","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brazilian foreign policy studies have traditionally focused on the institutional role of Itamaraty, often overlooking the influence of academia in shaping diplomatic debates. While the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has historically led policy formulation, academic actors have contributed with intellectual frameworks that shape diplomatic strategies. This article examines how the relationship between these two spheres has evolved and identifies key moments of engagement and conflict. The study employs a qualitative, historical analysis based on process tracing, examining four critical periods of Brazilian foreign policy through academic literature, policy discussions, and interviews with diplomats and scholars. The findings suggest that academic contributions have reinforced official foreign policy narratives in moments of alignment, whereas in periods of divergence, they have challenged state-led frameworks and informed changes in Brazil's international positioning. This study highlights the complex interplay between intellectual production and diplomatic practice, offering a more nuanced understanding of the forces shaping Brazil's global strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lamp.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cuban Autocratic Regime: Between Resilience and Challenges","authors":"Armando Chaguaceda","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Cuban political regime, the only autocracy belonging to the Soviet model in the western hemisphere, shows a greater duration and stability to the rest of regional authoritarianisms. Transiting a totalitarian stage to a post-technical model, it has combined elements such as charismatic leadership and bureaucracy, military and civil power, coercion, and propaganda. But in the last years, it faces a growing social discontent and a huge increase in migration, derived from its inability to provide goods and services, of the exhaustion of its legitimacy, everything that puts in question the survival of the regime and the elite that governs it.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mercosur and Post-Neoliberal Regionalism: Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, and the Challenges of Relaunching the Bloc","authors":"Tiago Soares Nogara","doi":"10.1111/lamp.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article examines the redefinition of the Common Southern Market during the rise of Latin America's pink tide, focusing on how debates over Venezuela's accession intersect with the broader context of post-neoliberal regionalism. Drawing on literature reviews and primary sources, the study highlights the differing approaches of Brazil, Venezuela, and Argentina to reshaping Latin American regionalism. These divergent strategies influenced Mercosur's institutional reforms and underscored the challenges of reconciling key differences among leftist governments regarding broader regional objectives. Ultimately, the article concludes that conflicts surrounding Venezuela's entry were pivotal in determining Mercosur's trajectory, revealing both the potential and the limits of post-neoliberal integration at that time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":42501,"journal":{"name":"Latin American Policy","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}