2007 Atlanta Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Policy最新文献

{"title":"International Graduate Applications and Admissions in Science and Technology: The Role of Graduate Education in Supporting Innovation","authors":"P. McAllister, K. Redd","doi":"10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472910","url":null,"abstract":"The Council of Graduate Schools (CGS) is an organization of over 480 institutions of higher education in the United States and Canada engaged in graduate education, research and the preparation of candidates for advanced degrees. CGS member institutions award more than 90% of the doctoral degrees and over 75% of the master's degrees in the U.S. The organization's mission is to improve and advance graduate education, which it accomplishes through advocacy in the federal policy arena, research, and the development and dissemination of best practices.","PeriodicalId":423894,"journal":{"name":"2007 Atlanta Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Policy","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126178391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of China's Evolving Science and Technology System","authors":"Deh-I Hsiung, G. Guttman, D. Meadows, Lele Yang","doi":"10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472892","url":null,"abstract":"The Chinese economy experienced sustained growth in recent years, and such growth is combined with a range of reform efforts in China's science and technology (S&T) sector that have resulted in major realignment of scientific research priorities, as well as significant changes in how the country's research entities should manage and conduct scientific research. This study provides a snapshot of the current S&T landscape in China, focusing on recent changes in China's S&T system - organizational structure, reform policies, program support and management, and commercial practices. It also identifies some issues and challenges that lie ahead for China as it strives to enhance its S&T capabilities and visibility within the international S&T community.","PeriodicalId":423894,"journal":{"name":"2007 Atlanta Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Policy","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123565105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NPM effects on research practices in English and Dutch universities","authors":"L. Leišytė","doi":"10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472906","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we focus on how research policies inspired in part by the New Public Management (NPM) are implemented in public universities in two fields of research, biotechnology and medieval history. The aim of the paper is to find out how research policies partly inspired by the new public management in England and the Netherlands have influenced research practices at the basic research unit level. The data builds on 77 semi-structured interviews collected in 20051, supplemented with the document and secondary literature analysis. In order to understand change in the research practices of basic research units we explore problem choice, mainstream and risky research, and output preferences.","PeriodicalId":423894,"journal":{"name":"2007 Atlanta Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130332072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation Dynamics of Large, Complex, Technological Products in a Monopsony: The Case of ESA Science Missions","authors":"Z. Szajnfarber, A. Weigel","doi":"10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472887","url":null,"abstract":"The roles of actors in a particular class of complex technological system - the ESA science mission - are mapped onto a competitive functional framework in order to identify key differences imposed by the market structure. Three general results are observed: there is no clear separation between \"buyers\" and \"sellers,\" the governing driver is an explicitly defined need-based \"pull\" and a high level of technological maturity is required before a new capability can be incorporated into the product development process. They are explained in terms of the incremental impacts of the complexity of the system, in a monopsony market structure with the government as monopsonist. A preliminary model is proposed and policy implications discussed.","PeriodicalId":423894,"journal":{"name":"2007 Atlanta Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Policy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122242464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universities, innovation and development processes in the changing global economy","authors":"Rodrigo Arocena, J. Sutz","doi":"10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472899","url":null,"abstract":"Universities are undergoing a process of remaking all over the world, including developing countries. The importance of universities for development purposes is nowadays consensual; how to direct universities reforms to attain developmental goals remains, though, highly controversial. The paper focuses on the ongoing debate about reforms in the public university in Uruguay. The idea of a Developmental University will be put forward, pointing to the notion of building a learning nation - a strategy for the South in order to avoid that the emergence of the knowledge society in the North fosters a new international division of labour that consolidates underdevelopment.","PeriodicalId":423894,"journal":{"name":"2007 Atlanta Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Policy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122306588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Quality, Biodiversity and Livelihood Issues: A Case Study of Chilika Lake, India","authors":"J. K. Panigrahi","doi":"10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472898","url":null,"abstract":"The water quality and ecosystem characteristics of Chilika Lake of India deteriorated drastically consequent to diverse human-induced and natural phenomena affecting severely the species composition and fish landing. The series of ecorestoration measures undertaken to mitigate hydro-biological challenges and restore a sustainable fishery has enhanced the fish yield considerably and culminated in exclusion of this highly productive Ramsar site from the Montreux Record (sites in danger). Enforcement of a holistic and effective management strategy would further enrich water quality, conserve biodiversity and provide sustainable livelihood to the fisher folks of this largest brackish water lagoon of Asia in future years.","PeriodicalId":423894,"journal":{"name":"2007 Atlanta Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Policy","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125079195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation Policy and Administration System in the Era of Post Catch-Up : The Case of Korea","authors":"Jieun Seong, Wichin Song","doi":"10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472894","url":null,"abstract":"Korea's innovation policy seems now to face a turning point as the scope of Korea's innovation policy is ever expanding and its position is being further elevated within policy hierarchy. Especially since the current government took office in 2002, S&T related agenda has emerged as a core national policy initiative and perhaps we begin now to see a seed of new type of innovation policy. In a nutshell, Korea seems to face a situation where the new policy elements are conflicting and competing with the legacy of the past. At the same time, Korea recognizes the need for change and thus tries to achieve a system transition and build a new vision for change. As the catch-up strategy based largely on imitation begins to reveal its limitations and weaknesses, a sense of crisis that the old way of doing things would not work any more has been generated, thus creating a stimulus for a search for new development path.","PeriodicalId":423894,"journal":{"name":"2007 Atlanta Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Policy","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120957365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who will join and who will decline: An analysis of factors influencing a firm's decisions to join cooperative research centers","authors":"D. Gray, D. Rivers","doi":"10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472905","url":null,"abstract":"While most cooperative research centers (CRCs) receive funding from the government, maintaining a high level of industrial support is key to the survival for these ventures (e.g., IUCRCs, ERCs, STCs). However, the literature is almost silent on the effectiveness of various recruitment strategies and the decision making processes and evaluation criteria firms use when deciding whether to join or decline participation in a CRC. In this abstract we report findings from a multi-stage project that has involved interviewing center directors about marketing practices and qualitative interviews and a questionnaire-based multivariate predictive study (in progress) of firms that recently made the decision to join or decline participation. Implications for center managers, policy makers and future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":423894,"journal":{"name":"2007 Atlanta Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Policy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124205295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring R&D Evolution in the Forestry Industry: The Cases of Chile and Finland","authors":"P. Catalán, C. Moreno, S. Cozzens","doi":"10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472896","url":null,"abstract":"Natural resources based economies have followed diverging paths either by consolidating its raw material industries by improving its technological competitiveness or by falling in wasteful rent-seeking processes leading to stagnant situations. We explore the R&D evolution in the Forestry Industry by focusing on Chile's and Finland's case. By setting two datasets of 7,724 (Finland) and 1,207 (Chile) forestry publications covering the 1970-2006 period we analyze the trends followed by each R&D community regarding timing, institution, author and research areas patterns. We state that collaboration and multidisciplinarity are distinctive features of Finland's R&D Forestry system, applied at a smaller scale by Chile's.","PeriodicalId":423894,"journal":{"name":"2007 Atlanta Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Policy","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121644818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetically Modified Maize in Mexico: Varied Responses to Technology","authors":"R. Arechavala-Vargas, C. Díaz-Pérez, J.P. Huerta-Ruvalcaba","doi":"10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSTIP.2007.4472877","url":null,"abstract":"Mexico is known as the place of origin of maize in the world. Around 50 races and more than 400 varieties have been identified. For centuries, it has been one of the main sources of nutrients for the population. As genetically modified organisms (GMO's) have begun to gain salience as an economical alternative to grain shortage, social issues emerge that create increasing tensions with groups and non-governmental organizations (NGO's) that work for the protection of biodiversity, and for the preservation of traditions and culture. These tensions manifest themselves as opposition to the use of GMO's, and as the challenging of the role that multinational corporations play in the national economy. Among the general population, however, there is little knowledge about the possibilities, the risks and the economic impact of using GM seeds. The purpose of this research is to assess the outlook that corn producers have about the eventual use of GM seed in their farms, on the basis of a project that aims to characterize agricultural production units in different regions of the country, and to identify those variables that determine productivity, profitability and purchase decisions in maize-producing farms. Fieldwork was done in states that are considered to be representative of different patterns of technical and economic behavior in corn production through semi structured interviews with farmers and with representatives of producers' associations. The interviews assessed knowledge and attitudes towards technology and GMO's production patterns, and technical decision making in the farms. Secondary data analysis and time- series data were used to assess tendencies in economic variables and to monitor public opinion on issues related to GM corn production. Results point towards sharply stratified patterns of knowledge and opinion about GMO's that follow social and economic differences that are also deepening. Lower-level farmers tend to have no knowledge about hybrids and GMO's, and tend also to follow unprofitable practices in their production units. At the other end we find high-level large-scale farms, with intensive patterns of production and use of technologically sophisticated inputs and machinery.","PeriodicalId":423894,"journal":{"name":"2007 Atlanta Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Policy","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125240158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}