{"title":"Diagnostic Value of Key Clinical Characteristics and Baseline Cortisol in Assessing Adrenal Function in Patients Receiving Glucocorticoid Therapy.","authors":"Dung Truc Nguyen, Tuan Thanh Nguyen, Khanh Quang Tran","doi":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5195","DOIUrl":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prolonged glucocorticoid therapy may result in multi-organ complications and adrenal insufficiency (AI). To mitigate these risks, clinicians typically taper and discontinue treatment once the underlying disease is controlled. Prior to withdrawal, adrenal function is assessed through dynamic testing. However, dynamic testing often requires multiple blood samples for cortisol measurement, continuous patient monitoring for several hours, and close supervision by medical staff throughout the procedure to assess potential adverse effects. In addition, dynamic tests are typically costly and not all healthcare facilities are equipped to perform such procedures.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate the diagnostic performance of baseline cortisol and clinical parameters in the assessment of adrenal insufficiency.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Cross-sectional study of 96 patients on prolonged glucocorticoid treatment at Nguyen Tri Phuong hospital. Insulin tolerance test (IST) was the gold standard for diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 96 patients, 56 (58.3%) had AI. A positive correlation was observed between baseline cortisol levels and peak cortisol levels during the insulin tolerance test, demonstrating a moderately strong association (r = 0.62, <i>p</i> <0.001). Baseline cortisol had good diagnostic performance, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-0.89]. If the optimal cutoff value for morning serum cortisol is set at 9.0 µg/dL, the test demonstrates a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 67%. We observed that the morning serum cortisol cutoff of 3 µg/dL had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% and the morning serum cortisol cutoff of 15 µg/dL had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. Among the predictive models for AI, the model incorporating baseline characteristics such as Cushingoid appearance, duration of glucocorticoid therapy, history of hypertension, and baseline cortisol demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy, with an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80-0.94).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The assessment of baseline cortisol in conjunction with baseline characteristics offers a reliable method for predicting the risk of adrenal insufficiency, thereby minimizing the necessity for expensive and intricate dynamic testing. In circumstances where dynamic testing is not feasible due to limitations in resources, cost, or expertise, we advocate for the implementation of a model that incorporates baseline characteristics and cortisol levels. This approach provides a practical, cost-effective solution for evaluating adrenal function, requiring only a single blood sample and ensuring broader accessibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":41792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","volume":"41 1","pages":"129-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pamela Anne Gaerlan, Harold Henrison Chiu, Matt Jayson Fontarum, Jocelyn Cobankiat
{"title":"The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Persistent Hyperparathyroidism in Post-Kidney Transplant Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.","authors":"Pamela Anne Gaerlan, Harold Henrison Chiu, Matt Jayson Fontarum, Jocelyn Cobankiat","doi":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5475","DOIUrl":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Persistent hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) remains a notable challenge among kidney transplant recipients due to its impact on calcium-phosphorus metabolism, potentially hindering recovery and long-term renal function. Understanding its prevalence and risk factors is vital for enhancing patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence and identify risk factors for persistent hyperparathyroidism in adult Filipino kidney transplant recipients at a tertiary care hospital.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective chart review was conducted for 80 kidney transplant recipients at Cardinal Santos Medical Center from January 1, 2014, to July 31, 2024. Data included demographics, comorbidities, medications, and laboratory profiles pre- and post-transplant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Persistent hyperparathyroidism was found in 58.8% of patients. Their mean age was 55.3 years, and 53.8% were male. Hypertension was present in 76.3%, and 60% had diabetes mellitus. Diabetic kidney disease was the leading cause of renal failure (57.5%). Post-transplant use of vitamin D supplements and calcimimetics increased by 31.3% and 26.3%, respectively. Pre-transplant hyperparathyroidism was a key risk factor, with a prevalence of 26.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regular monitoring and management of hyperparathyroidism are essential to improving long-term outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":41792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","volume":"41 1","pages":"122-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie En Tan, Nor Shaffinaz Yusoff Azmi Merican, Shartiyah Ismail, Noor Rafhati Adyani Abdullah
{"title":"The Lingering Battle of Persistent Hypoaldosteronism Following Adrenalectomy for Primary Aldosteronism: A Case Report.","authors":"Jie En Tan, Nor Shaffinaz Yusoff Azmi Merican, Shartiyah Ismail, Noor Rafhati Adyani Abdullah","doi":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5151","DOIUrl":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persistent hypoaldosteronism post-adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism is not uncommon and should be anticipated in patients with risk factors for development of such condition. Most cases of hypoaldosteronism postadrenalectomy are transient. However, persistent hypoaldosteronism may occur as a result of delayed recovery of contralateral zona glomerulosa suppression, requiring mineralocorticoid replacement for the prevention or treatment of life-threatening hyperkalemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":41792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","volume":"41 1","pages":"198-203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence and Impact of Hypothyroidism on Glycaemic Control in Indian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"J Rawat, Aviral Rawat","doi":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.4989","DOIUrl":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.4989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in Indian patients with T2DM and explore its impact on glycemic control and comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 218 patients with T2DM attending a tertiary care centre. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and blood samples were collected to measure glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Patients were classified as euthyroid, hyperthyroid, or hypothyroid based on TSH levels. A sub-analysis compared demographic and biochemical parameters between euthyroid and hypothyroid groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 218 patients with T2DM with a mean age of 57.6 ± 11.1 years, and a female predominance (54.1%). The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 58.7%, higher among females. No significant differences in comorbidities or HbA1c levels were observed between euthyroid and hypothyroid patients. Among patients with HbA1c ≥6.4%, women showed a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high prevalence of hypothyroidism among patients with T2DM, particularly in females, underscores the need for routine thyroid function screening in this population. Despite the lack of significant differences in comorbidities or glycaemic control between euthyroid and hypothyroid patients seen in this study, the potential impact of thyroid dysfunction on diabetes management warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":41792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","volume":"41 1","pages":"82-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lingual Thyroid: An Ectopic Presentation at the Base of the Tongue.","authors":"Rizqi Rifani, Dicky Levenus Tahapary","doi":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.6209","DOIUrl":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.6209","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","volume":"41 1","pages":"213-214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High Remnant Cholesterol Increased the Risk of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) or Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Taufik Biya, Himawan Sanusi, Andi Makbul Aman","doi":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5159","DOIUrl":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>MAFLD is currently acknowledged as the most common chronic liver disease and is strongly associated with obesity, metabolic dysregulation and diabetes. MAFLD is defined by the accumulation of lipids within the liver due to impaired lipid metabolism.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to assess the association between increased remnant cholesterol levels and the likelihood of developing MAFLD or NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in accordance with PRISMA recommendations. Databases such as the Cochrane Library and PubMed were queried for relevant material through March 21, 2025, using specific keywords related to remnant cholesterol and fatty liver disorders. The inclusion criteria concentrated on research investigating the influence of remnant cholesterol on the incidence of NAFLD/MAFLD. Data extraction and quality evaluation were conducted utilizing the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cohort Studies and ROBINS-I instruments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six studies were eventually included in our systematic review, including cross-sectional studies with a total of 45,821participants. The meta-analysis, conducted with Review Manager version 5.4, demonstrated a significant association between elevated remnant cholesterol levels and an increased risk of NAFLD/MAFLD, yielding a relative risk (RR) of 3.18 (95% CI 1.89-5.37; <i>p</i> <0.00001; I<sup>2</sup> = 99%). This indicates a robust link between remnant cholesterol and the prevalence of various hepatic disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Remnant cholesterol is associated with MAFLD or NAFLD. Increased remnant cholesterol is a risk factor for MAFLD or NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":41792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","volume":"41 1","pages":"162-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daphne Sl Gardner, Julia K Mader, Sanjay Kalra, Irene Kopp, Banshi Saboo, Kazuhiro Sugimoto, Michael Villa, Shailendra Bajpai
{"title":"Addressing Unmet Needs in the Management of Diabetes in Asia and Enhancing Diabetes Care Through the Use of Digital Technology: An Expert Opinion.","authors":"Daphne Sl Gardner, Julia K Mader, Sanjay Kalra, Irene Kopp, Banshi Saboo, Kazuhiro Sugimoto, Michael Villa, Shailendra Bajpai","doi":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5209","DOIUrl":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asia faces a growing diabetes burden compounded by low awareness, limited access, affordability concerns, and heterogeneous care practices. These challenges hinder consistent management across the region.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>An expert panel representing India, Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Singapore, Australia and Austria reviewed regional barriers, compared national practices, and proposed feasible strategies for improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key gaps included healthcare access, affordability, limited workforce capacity, poor adherence to guidelines, cultural influences and underuse of digital tools. Experts examined region-specific approaches, highlighting effective models from Singapore, India, Japan, the Philippines, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and South Korea.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Synthesised insights yielded policy-oriented and practical recommendations, focusing on insurance expansion, digital and AI-enabled care, workforce strengthening, and community-based programs to enhance diabetes care delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tailored, region-specific and technology-enabled strategies addressing systemic and economic barriers are vital to strengthen diabetes management across Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":41792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","volume":"41 1","pages":"188-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nemencio Nicodemus, Edgardo Juan Tolentino, Cecilia Jimeno, Joy Arabelle Fontanilla, Cyrus Pasamba, Danieson Lampano
{"title":"How Filipinos View Obesity: Findings From the ACTION APAC Study.","authors":"Nemencio Nicodemus, Edgardo Juan Tolentino, Cecilia Jimeno, Joy Arabelle Fontanilla, Cyrus Pasamba, Danieson Lampano","doi":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5121","DOIUrl":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This sub-analysis of the ACTION APAC study aimed to identify perceptions, attitudes and behaviors related to obesity and its management among people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare providers (HCPs) in the Philippines, identifying barriers to effective care and contributing to management strategies.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>ACTION APAC was a cross-sectional, non-interventional, descriptive survey conducted from April 14 to May 23, 2022 across nine countries, involving 1,000 PwO and 201 HCPs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants agreed that obesity is an illness but 91% of PwO felt losing weight was entirely their responsibility. Both groups identified similar motivators and barriers to weight loss. Weight stigma significantly impacted PwO but fewer than half discussed weight with their HCPs. Many PwO were happy with their weight and did not consider themselves as having obesity. Lifestyle modifications were preferred for weight management by both groups, while HCPs were reluctant to prescribe pharmacotherapy or recommend bariatric surgery due to lack of knowledge and cost, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed a discrepancy between recognizing obesity as an illness and attitudes towards its treatment, highlighting a need for better education and tailored management strategies that consider cultural factors in the Philippines.</p>","PeriodicalId":41792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","volume":"41 1","pages":"108-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Physicians on Diagnosis and Management of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy at the University of Santo Tomas Hospital.","authors":"Samantha Bernardine Reburiano, Dylan Jansen Taytayon, Dionise Ysabelle Bawal, Bien Matawaran","doi":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5097","DOIUrl":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent chronic complication of diabetes, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Despite its impact, DPN remains an underdiagnosed and undertreated entity, further underscoring the need for improved physician awareness and timely intervention.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to determine physicians' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) in the diagnosis and management of DPN and the association between knowledge and attitude to practice.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study involving 211 physicians from the University of Santo Tomas Hospital (USTH). Chi-square test was employed to compare physician characteristics based on KAP. The association of knowledge and attitude with practice regarding DPN was analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Median knowledge level was 81.3%, indicating good knowledge on DPN diagnosis and management. Most had favorable attitude and reported appropriate practice. Only attitude was shown to be significantly associated with practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite good knowledge about DPN, attitude was the only key influencer on appropriate practice. Enhancing positive attitudes in screening and management is essential to improve patient care and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":41792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","volume":"41 1","pages":"40-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13273011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nguyen Hoang Viet, Tran Khanh Hoa, Nguyen Bich Ngan, Bui Thi Bao, Nguyen Anh Ngoc, Van-Thao Ta
{"title":"Evaluating the Two-Step TSH Screening Protocol for Congenital Hypothyroidism: Prevalence and Diagnostic Accuracy in Ninh Binh, Vietnam.","authors":"Nguyen Hoang Viet, Tran Khanh Hoa, Nguyen Bich Ngan, Bui Thi Bao, Nguyen Anh Ngoc, Van-Thao Ta","doi":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5795","DOIUrl":"10.15605/jafes.041.01.5795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) among newborns in Ninh Binh Province, Vietnam, and to evaluate whether adding a second thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) screening reduces false positives and improves diagnostic accuracy compared with the traditional single-step screening commonly practiced in Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 11,306 newborns screened between January 2019 and December 2020. TSH levels were measured from dried blood spot samples, with a threshold of >9 mU/L indicating high risk. High-risk cases underwent a second screening, followed by confirmation with serum TSH and free thyroxine. Screening performance (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value [PPV], negative predictive value [NPV]) and risk factors for CH were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of high-risk CH was 2.40% (271/11,306 newborns), with four confirmed cases (incidence: 1:2,826). The two-step screening program achieved a sensitivity of 75.00%, with one false-negative case later detected clinically. Specificity improved from 97.64% in the first screening to 99.81% in the second, while PPV increased more than tenfold (1.11% → 11.54%). Low birth weight infants (≤2,500 g) had a significantly higher CH risk (OR: 10.04, 95% CI: 1.053-95.820, <i>p</i> = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This first provincial evaluation of two-step CH screening in Vietnam demonstrated that repeat testing significantly reduced false positives and improved diagnostic accuracy without compromising sensitivity. The findings highlight the value of implementing a two-step strategy to optimize newborn screening, reduce unnecessary referrals and save resources in developing countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":41792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies","volume":"41 1","pages":"148-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}