Yearbook of Phraseology最新文献

{"title":"Stabreimende Wortpaare in den früheren Werken Hartmanns von Aue: Erec, Klage, Minnesang","authors":"John M. Jeep","doi":"10.1515/PHRAS-2016-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/PHRAS-2016-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Building upon recent phraseological studies on Old High and Middle High German texts, the alliterating word pairs in the early works of Hartmann von Aue are catalogued and analyzed philologically, thus contributing to an emerging complete listing of the paired rhetorical expressions through the Early Middle High German period. The first extant courtly Arthurian romance, Hartmann's Erec, a shorter piece of his known as Diu Klage, and a handful of poems he composed are by all indications from the last decade of the twelfth century, despite later manuscript transmission. Each pair is listed, described in the context in which it appears, and compared with any extant pairs from earlier German works. What emerge are insights into the evolution of these expressions, in some cases through centuries. On the one hand, Hartmann employs alliterating expressions that date to the Old High German period, while on the other hand apparently creating new ones. As in findings in earlier texts, pairs recorded on multiple occasions are likely to have been used by other authors. Typical for medieval German texts – when compared to similar modern expressions – is the insight that there is a fair amount of variation concerning the sequence of the alliterating elements and/or the inclusion of morpho-syntactic modifiers such as pronouns, possessives, adjectives, or adverbs. Modern translations of Hartmann's works into German and English show just how varied these phrases can appear in translation. When known, later examples of the alliterating word-pairs are cited, albeit for obvious reasons only in an incomplete fashion. The long-term project is designed to continue to chart the emergence of the early German alliterating word-pairs chronologically.","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/PHRAS-2016-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67295842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Phraseology light: automatic translation of multiword expressions without translation resources","authors":"R. Mitkov","doi":"10.1515/phras-2016-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phras-2016-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper describes the first phase of a project whose ultimate goal is the implementation of a practical tool to support the work of language learners and translators by automatically identifying multiword expressions (MWEs) and retrieving their translations for any pair of languages. The task of translating multiword expressions is viewed as a two-stage process. The first stage is the extraction of MWEs in each of the languages; the second stage is a matching procedure for the extracted MWEs in each language which proposes the translation equivalents. This project pursues the development of a knowledge-poor approach for any pair of languages which does not depend on translation resources such as dictionaries, translation memories or parallel corpora which can be time consuming to develop or difficult to acquire, being expensive or proprietary. In line with this philosophy, the methodology developed does not rely on any dictionaries or parallel corpora, nor does it use any (bilingual) grammars. The only information comes from comparable corpora, inexpensively compiled. The first proof-of-concept stage of this project covers English and Spanish and focuses on a particular subclass of MWEs: verb-noun expressions (collocations) such as take advantage, make sense, prestar atención and tener derecho. The choice of genre was determined by the fact that newswire is a widespread genre and available in different languages. An additional motivation was the fact that the methodology was developed as language independent with the objective of applying it to and testing it for different languages. The ACCURAT toolkit (Pinnis et al. 2012; Skadina et al. 2012; Su and Babych 2012a) was employed to compile automatically the comparable corpora and documents only above a specific threshold were considered for inclusion. More specifically, only pairs of English and Spanish documents with comparability score (cosine similarity) higher 0.45 were extracted. However, see section 6 which discusses experiments with different comparability scores. Statistical association measures were employed to quantify the strength of the relationship between two words and to propose that a combination of a verb and a noun above a specific threshold would be a (candidate for) multiword expression. This study focused on and compared four popular and established measures along with frequency: Log-likelihood ratio, T-Score, Log Dice and Salience. This project follows the distributional similarity premise which stipulates that translation equivalents share common words in their contexts and this applies also to multiword expressions. The Vector Space Model is traditionally used to represent words with their co-occurrences and to measure similarity. The vector representation for any word is constructed from the statistics of the occurrences of that word with other specific/context words in a corpus of texts. In this study, the word2vec method (Mikolov et al. 2013) was employed. Mi","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/phras-2016-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67296105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"J. Colson, H. Burger, Annelies Häcki Buhofer, A. Sabban, Kathrin Steyer, A. Langlotz","doi":"10.1515/phras-2016-frontmatter1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phras-2016-frontmatter1","url":null,"abstract":"Frontmatter","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/phras-2016-frontmatter1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67296248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clichés, an Understudied Subclass of Phrasemes","authors":"Igor Mel'čuk","doi":"10.1515/phras-2015-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phras-2015-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Natural languages have three major families of phrasemes: - Lexical phrasemes (phraseologized phrases): kick the bucket, black box, pay a visit, if you know what I mean. - Morphological phrasemes (phraseologized wordforms, see [Beck & Mel’čuk 2011]): for+get, light+house, in+dispens+able. - Constructional, or syntactic, phrasemes (phraseologized constructions, or phrase schemata): “X(N) VINF?!?”, as in John be afraid?!? For more details on phrasemes within the Meaning-Text framework, see (Mel’čuk 2015: 336-340). This paper proposes an overview of an important subclass of lexical phrasemes that has not been as yet paid sufficient attention: cliches. First, a typology of lexical phrasemes is presented, with the definitions that underlie the subsequent discussion; this provides a formal framework for the description of cliches (Section 1). Second, the class of cliches is examined and a typology of cliches is proposed, based on the type of the cliche’s referent (Section 2). Third, a dimension for restrictions on the use of lexemic expressions in particular situations of linguistic communication is introduced-namely, a pragmatic constraint. Applied to cliches, it defines a subclass of a subclass of cliches- pragmatemes (Section 3).","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/phras-2015-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67295354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodic growth of phrasemes from a cross-linguistic perspective: Polish phraseology after the political transformation of 1989","authors":"Joanna Szerszunowicz","doi":"10.1515/phras-2015-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phras-2015-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper discusses the phenomenon of a culture-related periodic growth of phrasemes, i.e. an intensive increase of their number, occurring within a definite period of time, and caused by some extralinguistic factors. It differs from the absolute growth of the number of phrasemes, connected with the realization of natural nomination needs, constant and not so intensive. A periodic growth is triggered by an important event in the history of a particular culture and it may be assumed that the culture-bound character of the units in question influences their cross-linguistic equivalence. The paper discusses the case of the periodic growth of Polish phrasemes coined after the political transformation of 1989. The periodic increase following this event was chosen for the analysis, since the change of the system influenced greatly all spheres of life in Poland, such as politics, economy, culture. The study aims to present the most important areas of their occurrence, to describe their linguistic properties, to discuss culture-related aspects of their coinage and use as well as to propose the English equivalents of the phrasemes from two fields: politics and economy, which allows for determining the periodic growth influence on cross-linguistic correspondence of this group of units.","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/phras-2015-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67295025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phraseologie und Valenztheorie","authors":"S. Stumpf","doi":"10.1515/phras-2015-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phras-2015-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Based on previous research results, the following paper gives an overview of the possibilities of transferring the valence theory to verbal phraseologisms. Verbal phraseologisms display internal and external ‘blank positions’ which can’t be differentiated strictly dichotomically. Moreover, there are certain interferences or transitions between both valence levels. To fulfill a wide phraseology concept, the analysis focuses not only on the verbal idioms, but, furthermore, on the valence of light-verb constructions. Relating to the theoretical status of the valence of these constructions, there exist partially controversial discussions in the latest research which will be illustrated below. Problems of describing these phenomena from a lexicographical perspective will be elaborated in the following. As a last point, a specific phenomenon will be approached that can be classified into the ‘phraseological irregularities’; the so-called ‘valence irregularities’. Furthermore, the article demonstrates that a satisfying description of the valence of phraseologisms can only be accomplished with the help of a corpus-based approach.","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/phras-2015-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67295379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metaphorical imagery of honour and dishonour in Hindi phraseology","authors":"Sunil Sharma","doi":"10.1515/phras-2015-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phras-2015-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Being inspired by the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson 2003) and the theory of Symbols in Language and Culture (Dobrovol’skij and Piirainen 1996), the current research article aims at analysis of metaphorical image components, symbolic motivational factors and cultural aspects which are associated with the socio-cultural concepts honour and dishonour in Hindi phraseological expressions. By analyzing the conceptualization of these socioculturally prevalent concepts, this research article attempts to explore the potential of marginalized Hindi phraseology for further theoretical contribution to the international phraseology research.","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/phras-2015-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67295404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Der Einfluss der préciosité auf das Gegenwartsfranzösische. Eine korpusbasierte Untersuchung formelhafter Wendungen aus Molières Les Précieuses ridicules (1659)","authors":"Sandra Issel-Dombert, Marie Serwe","doi":"10.1515/phras-2015-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phras-2015-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Molière’s farce Les Précieuses ridicules (1659) contains a vast selection of formulaic expressions. The play serves as a historical reference for the identification of formulaic language influenced by a period called the préciosité, originating in 17th-century France. Based upon a survey of French native speakers, this paper will deal with the question of whether these formulaic expressions have left traces upon present day French. Given the empirical evidence, one must conclude that the majority of these expressions are widely known and are in general use today. Furthermore, the hypothesis that such expressions predominate in higher-register French (cf. Klare 2011: 126) is confirmed.","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/phras-2015-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67295013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Pawley’s conjecture","authors":"Koenraad Kuiper","doi":"10.1515/phras-2015-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phras-2015-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper shows that Pawley’s conjecture that the frequency of lexical items in text corpora is positively correlated with the number of phrasal lexical items which have those lexical items as heads of phrase is confirmed. Data for testing Pawley’s conjecture are taken from two sources: Kilgarriff’s lemmatized frequency lists from the BNC of the 6,318 words which appear more than 800 times (http://www.kilgarriff.co.uk) and the around 14,000 PLIs in the Syntactically Annotated Idiom Dictionary (Kuiper et al., 2003). Why this statistical fact should be the case is a matter for further research.","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/phras-2015-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67295045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Where does phraseology actually begin?","authors":"Jean-Pierre Colson","doi":"10.1515/PHRAS-2015-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/PHRAS-2015-0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41672,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of Phraseology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/PHRAS-2015-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67295133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}