{"title":"Divpusēja prasība Latvijas Republikas Civilprocesa likumā","authors":"Ieva Čudina","doi":"10.22364/juzk.80.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.15","url":null,"abstract":"The Law of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Latvia contains the right of the plaintiff to bring an action and the right of the defendant to bring a counterclaim. The legal doctrine also distinguishes actio duplex, but the Civil Procedure Law of the Republic of Latvia does not regulate the procedure for submitting and hearing actio duplex. In legal doctrine, actio duplex is regarded as a claim which may be joined by the defendant without a counterclaim. The aim of the study is to examine the scope of actio duplex, its place in the Civil Procedure Law of the Republic of Latvia and find out how the concept of actio duplex harmonizes with the adversarial principle, the dispositive principle and the court’s obligation to respect the limits of the claim.","PeriodicalId":413617,"journal":{"name":"Latvijas Republikas Satversmei – 100","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122122074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ieskats personas tiesībās celt prasību par materiāltiesiskajiem prasījumiem daļās","authors":"Reinis Odiņš","doi":"10.22364/juzk.80.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.16","url":null,"abstract":"The author provides an insight into the right of a person to bring an action about a part of a substantive claim only by providing an overview of legal practices in Swiss and German legal systems, as well as by looking at the possible historical origins of the right of a person to enforce substantive claims in parts. An initial economic analysis of partial actions is also given by simulating a range of choices of a person using them, and thereby determining economical rationality of potential choices in cases when a person is acting in good or bad faith. The author is of the view that partial actions are a legal possibility under Latvian law.","PeriodicalId":413617,"journal":{"name":"Latvijas Republikas Satversmei – 100","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114474165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sabiedrības prasību celšana: Komerclikuma intepretācijas jautājumi","authors":"Kaspars Balodis","doi":"10.22364/juzk.80.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.05","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Commercial Law of Latvia, Article 172, a limited company may bring an action against the founders, members of the board of directors or council, or the auditor, on the basis of a decision taken by a meeting of shareholders. Under certain conditions, minority shareholders who jointly represent not less than one twentieth of the equity capital may bring such an action in a court without the intermediation of the institution which, in accordance with the law, has the right to bring an action in the name of the company. Thus, a lawsuit on behalf of a company is of consequence with regard to upholding minority shareholders’ rights. This article includes a number of topical issues important to the lawsuits on behalf of a company, e. g. the legal nature of company’s lawsuit, defendants against whom these actions can be brought, legal preconditions of such lawsuits, liablity for unjustified lawsuits.","PeriodicalId":413617,"journal":{"name":"Latvijas Republikas Satversmei – 100","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117310765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pieaugušu cilvēku ar lemtspējas ierobežojumiem tiesības administratīvajā procesā","authors":"Solvita Olsena","doi":"10.22364/juzk.80.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.43","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the current legal regulation of rights of persons with limited capacity in administrative procedure and suggests considering amendments to secure the implementation of norms stated in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. First, the general framework of legal capacity in Latvian law is described. Second, the procedural rights of persons with limited legal capacity in the administrative procedure in line with general regulations in Civil Law are analysed. Third, the rights of persons with limited capacity stated in Articles 12 and 13 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities are characterised. Finally, the development of amendments to the administrative procedure laws required for the protection of persons with limited capacity is suggested.","PeriodicalId":413617,"journal":{"name":"Latvijas Republikas Satversmei – 100","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115516611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ārkārtējā situācija Latvijā – regulējums un konstitucionālais pamats","authors":"Tomass Hodosevičs","doi":"10.22364/juzk.80.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.36","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike many other countries in the EU, only a special legal regime regarding threats of a military nature (state of exception) has been directly established in Latvia at the constitutional level. However, the institute of the state of emergency provided for in the special law was widely used during the Covid-19 pandemic. Both regimes are extremely similar in content and differ mostly in their basis of application. Therefore, the issue of the compliance of state of emergency with the Constitution of Latvia (Satversme) becomes topical. With regard to avoiding an unreasonable conclusion that the Satversme precludes the state of emergency, the author provides analysis of development of Latvian regulation and highlights the historical aspects in context of specifics of interpretation of the Satversme.","PeriodicalId":413617,"journal":{"name":"Latvijas Republikas Satversmei – 100","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121090717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pašaizsargājošās demokrātijas jēdziens – piemēri Latvijas tiesiskajā sistēmā","authors":"Arianda Jonāne","doi":"10.22364/juzk.80.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.38","url":null,"abstract":"Self-defending democracy (in English, the term of militant democracy is more common) as a legal notion can be used controversially – to protect itself or to pretend to be a democratic regime. The aim of this article is to provide the insight into the notion of self-defending democracy and illustrate it with legal examples from Latvian legal system: firstly, the roots of self-defending democracy in the 1930s, when the Parliament of Latvia – Saeima – attempted to legally protect democracy from radical right-wing forces, secondly, the role of Constitutional Court of Latvia in applying the concept of self-defending democracy in the case of restrictions of voting rights.","PeriodicalId":413617,"journal":{"name":"Latvijas Republikas Satversmei – 100","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126634072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subordinētās obligācijas – jēdziens un būtība","authors":"Pauls Zeņķis","doi":"10.22364/juzk.80.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.09","url":null,"abstract":"A bond is a debt security, under which its issuer undertakes to repay to the bondholder the principal of the bond and the interest (the coupon) at a specified point in time, that is to be considered as the extinguishing of bonds. Bonds have several types: bonds issued by the public sector, bonds issued by capital companies, publicly available bonds, private bonds, convertible bonds, subordinated bonds, etc. In economic circulation, subordinated bonds are widespread securities. The subordinated obligation in the subordinated bond distinguishes the subordinated bond from other bonds. At the same time, the underlying relationship entails significant risks for the performance of the obligations arising from the bond, which is outweighed by higher profitability of such bonds.","PeriodicalId":413617,"journal":{"name":"Latvijas Republikas Satversmei – 100","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132000027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jēdzienu “iekšējais pamatojums” un “ārējais pamatojums” jēga","authors":"Jānis Musts","doi":"10.22364/juzk.80.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.39","url":null,"abstract":"The terms “internal justification” and “external justification” are often used to analyse the justification of legal decisions. The aim of this research paper is to identify and critically analyse different notions of “internal justification” and “external justification” in order to improve them. The author rejects the notion of “internal justification” and “external justification” offered by Jerzy Wróblewski and the thesis that the role of internal justification is to test the validity of arguments. The author demonstrates that the notions of “internal justification” and “external justification” used by Robert Alexy are mutually contradictory and offers ways to avoid this contradiction.","PeriodicalId":413617,"journal":{"name":"Latvijas Republikas Satversmei – 100","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114957453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Savstarpējo saskaņošanas procedūru institūta ekskluzivitāte nodokļu strīdu risināšanā","authors":"Krists Ansons","doi":"10.22364/juzk.80.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.46","url":null,"abstract":"The essence of mutual agreement procedure institute in practical application has been ambiguous. The topic has become increasingly relevant, as more taxpayers elect to use this procedure. Ever since the previous paper, there have been many actions taken by the state in order to increase the impact of legal certainty principle. Here, the author will address defining mutual agreement procedure institute with a focus on clearing any confusion between the institute and other tools for eliminating double taxation.","PeriodicalId":413617,"journal":{"name":"Latvijas Republikas Satversmei – 100","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115775747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kriminālprocesa iepriekšējās izmeklēšanas reformas Krievijas impērijā iemesli, mērķi un perspektīvas 19. gs. 60. gados","authors":"Signe Skutele","doi":"10.22364/juzk.80.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.33","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of police organization, conduct and authority during the 18th and 19th centuries, the approach whereby the police authority conducted preliminary investigations occasioned dissatisfaction, therefore in 1860 several legislative acts were adopted, which changed the procedures for conducting the preliminary investigation of criminal proceedings by introducing a new institute – an investigating judge. The author in this publication has examined the elements of the reform of the public administration and legal system, as well as analysed the reasons for the reform of the preliminary investigation and the establishment of the institute of the investigating judge. The author has drawn conclusions regarding the development of the public administration and legal system of the Russian Empire within the framework of Western legal traditions, focusing on the reasons, objectives, and prospects of the reform of the preliminary investigation in the 19th century.","PeriodicalId":413617,"journal":{"name":"Latvijas Republikas Satversmei – 100","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124438160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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