Progress in Polymer Science最新文献

{"title":"Emulsion templating: DIY versatility for the creative design of macroporous polymers","authors":"Samah Saied-Ahmad, Michael S. Silverstein","doi":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101970","url":null,"abstract":"Porous polymers are of interest for a wide variety of applications including absorption, adsorption, tissue engineering, membranes, controlled release, reaction supports, and shape memory foams. Emulsion templating can be used to generate high-porosity, macroporous polymer monoliths with highly interconnected, micrometer-scale porous structures through polymerization in the external, continuous phase followed by removal of the internal, dispersed phase. Emulsion templating possesses, on one hand, the benefit of being seemly simple. This simplicity, however, belies its inherent versatility and considerable parameter space that enables creative design of innovative new materials in terms of their macromolecular structures, their porous structures, and their properties. As described here, approaching emulsion templating with a specific structure or application in mind can enable a do-it-yourself outlook to imaginatively selecting the most appropriate emulsion type, stabilization strategy, polymerization mechanism, crosslinking strategy, and post-synthesis modification. The research and development of emulsion-templated polymers has been blossoming, as reflected not only in the number of articles published, but also in the number of novel porous polymer materials synthesized and in the number of heretofore unexplored applications investigated. It is the hidden complexity of emulsion templating that enables a continuous stream of pioneering works stemming from breakthrough insights in connected and contiguous scientific fields. This appraisal, highlighting emulsion templating strategies, will serve as a guide for those involved in developing innovative polymers with unique macromolecular and porous structures that engender exceptional properties. Contemplating the future directions of emulsion templating, given the robust nature of its established foundation, suggests that innovative research and development will continue to flourish.","PeriodicalId":413,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Polymer Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baroplastics – The Future of Low Temperature Plastic Processing","authors":"Daniel MacKinnon, Magdalena Godzina, C. Remzi Becer","doi":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101967","url":null,"abstract":"While global annual plastic production has surpassed 400 million tons, the rate of plastic recycling remains below 10%. Recycling rates for conventional thermoplastics remain low, largely due to the harsh conditions required for high-temperature melt-molding. These conditions promote thermo-oxidative reactions and chain scission, causing significant deterioration of polymer chains and reducing the recyclability of these materials. Additionally, the sustainability of this process is compromised by its high energy demands and harmful environmental impacts. Baroplastics provide an alternative recycling pathway that involves the use of low-temperature processing under pressure; a novel class of sustainable polymers that leverages their unique pressure-responsive properties to enable recycling at markedly reduced energy consumption and CO₂ emissions. Baroplastics rely on order-to-disorder transitions (ODTs), typically of block copolymers (BCPs), that allow for a rheological transition from an ordered solid to a disordered liquid-like state that can flow and be molded. Once pressure is removed, the liquid-like state returns to its original solid form with no observed degradation of the polymeric chains. In this review, we introduce the concept of baroplastics and explore the mechanisms that underpin their distinctive ability to flow under pressure for sustainable recycling. We discuss the technological and environmental advantages of baromechanical recycling, the potential for future implementation within industry, and the use of baroplastics in nanocomposites and biological systems. Moreover, we have thoroughly reviewed the scope, modelling, and synthesis of baroplastic materials to produce a guide to this growing field.","PeriodicalId":413,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Polymer Science","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143933095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-isocyanate polyurethanes at room temperature – a dream becoming reality","authors":"Thomas Habets, Bruno Grignard, Christophe Detrembleur","doi":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101968","url":null,"abstract":"Polyurethanes (PUs) are one of the most widely utilized classes of polymers worldwide. However, their conventional production relies on toxic and hazardous isocyanate compounds whose usage is being limited by recent regulations. This has driven the development of new chemical strategies to access non-isocyanate PUs, or NIPUs. While the traditional PU synthesis typically occurs at room temperature (r.T) due to the high reactivity of isocyanates, NIPU synthesis generally requires elevated temperatures to surpass the low reactivity of the precursors. Considering societal needs and regulatory changes, achieving NIPU synthesis at r.T could reduce the energy footprint of the process, facilitate transition to NIPUs within existing PU manufacturing facilities and in consumer-grade applications – a more seamless switch from PUs to NIPUs. Additionally, r.T reactions are desirable for minimizing side reactions and enabling a wider functional group tolerance. This review critically gathers unbridged data and recent strategies aimed at achieving NIPU synthesis at r.T. This includes advances in monomer design, catalysis, and the use of r.T-efficient hybrid chemistries. Various polymerization techniques from a wide diversity of precursors are discussed, along with the advantages and limitations of each approach.","PeriodicalId":413,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Polymer Science","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly(1,2,4-triazolium)s as the rising generation of functional poly(ionic liquid)s","authors":"Xinghao Li, Eric Drockenmuller, Pierre Stiernet, Weiyi Zhang, Jiayin Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101969","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the research field of poly(1,2,4-triazolium)s as a rising subclass of poly(ionic liquid)s. In comparison to previously studied polyimidazoliums and poly(1,2,3-triazolium)s, we highlight the unique structural features associated with the hydrogen bonds, the lone-pair interactions on the nitrogen atom at ring position 4 (N4) and the capacity to form polycarbenes. Though the chemical structures and the synthetic routes are alike, these features allow poly(1,2,4-triazolium)s to be distinct from other groups of poly(ionic liquid)s in terms of physical and chemical properties, supramolecular chemistry and applications. The challenges in the further development of poly(1,2,4-triazolium)s are discussed, including the scalability in synthesis and in-depth study of their properties for cutting-edge applications.","PeriodicalId":413,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Polymer Science","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate and its blends: Enhanced strategies for efficient circularity","authors":"Shun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xuehui Liu ,&nbsp;Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Lan Bai ,&nbsp;Shimei Xu ,&nbsp;Yu-Zhong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the most widely used polyester, is extensively employed in packaging and textiles. However, the inherent complexity of PET waste streams lead to low recycling rate. Chemical recycling offers a promising solution to restore the wastes to monomers or convert them into high-value products. This review summarizes the recent advances on chemical recycling of PET, focusing on enhanced depolymerization strategies throughout the whole reaction system including solvent effect, catalytic effect and energy input mode. The enhancement mechanism is described. In addition, consideration on recycling of PET blends is demonstrated. An outlook for further advances on chemical recycling of PET is proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":413,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Polymer Science","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 101958"},"PeriodicalIF":26.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent trends in all-organic polymer dielectrics for high-temperature electrostatic energy storage capacitors","authors":"Zongliang Xie ,&nbsp;Lu Fan ,&nbsp;He Li ,&nbsp;Zhaoyu Ran ,&nbsp;Shiqi Lai ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Liu ,&nbsp;Ashlin Deatherage ,&nbsp;Yalin Wang ,&nbsp;Qi Li ,&nbsp;Yi Yin ,&nbsp;Yi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrostatic energy storage (EES) capacitors are critical for renewable energy and high-power systems, driving the search for dielectric materials that combine superior electrical insulation, mechanical flexibility, low density, cost-effectiveness, and processability. Polymer-based dielectrics have emerged as leading candidates, particularly for high electric field applications. However, conventional polymers often fail to meet the demands of high-temperature environments due to increased electrical conductivity and reduced discharged energy density at elevated temperatures, resulting in energy loss and reduced performance. High glass transition temperature (<em>T</em>_g) polymers show promise but require further optimization to enhance their energy storage capabilities under thermal and electrical stress. This review provides a comprehensive update on recent advancements in high-<em>T</em>_g polymer-based dielectrics for EES capacitors, focusing on both intrinsic polymers and all-organic composites. It outlines key design principles, critical performance parameters, and innovative strategies—such as nanofiller doping, layered architectures, physical blending, and chemical crosslinking—to improve electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The review also highlights emerging trends, including the integration of machine learning algorithms to explore novel polymer structures and expand the chemical design space. By bridging the gap between academic research and industrial application, this review aims to accelerate the development of next-generation dielectric materials capable of balancing multiple performance metrics for high-temperature EES capacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":413,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Polymer Science","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 101957"},"PeriodicalIF":26.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil-infused silicone elastomers for barnacle and ice release: The current state of understanding","authors":"David G.T. Boucher ,&nbsp;Maryam Safaripour ,&nbsp;Andrew B. Croll ,&nbsp;Dean C. Webster","doi":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adhesion of foulants and contaminants on surfaces is a well-known problem, particularly in the marine environment, which can potentially be solved by the use of an appropriate coating. Over the years, silicone elastomers have stood out for their release performance toward various foulants, allowing the cleaning of these surfaces using low stresses. The addition of non-reactive silicone fluids into silicone elastomers has often been presented as a way to further enhance their release properties. However, the mechanism behind this improvement remains quite unclear and the effect of fluids is largely unpredictable and always assessed experimentally. This review thus attempts to tackle this issue by identifying trends in experimental observations made on barnacle and ice release and proposing theoretical tools to explain and potentially model or predict them. With this objective in mind, this review is divided into three sections and will first describe the chemistry of silicone elastomers while highlighting the parameters that allow tuning the elastomer’s final properties. In the second section, the influence of the physical properties of the silicone elastomer (modulus, thickness, surface energy) on its barnacle and ice-release properties will be discussed. In this section and further, strong similarities will be highlighted between observations made for these foulants. Finally, reports of fluid-containing silicone elastomers will be scrutinized to examine the potential impact of parameters such as compatibility, molecular weight, surface tension, and crosslink density. During this discussion, the potential mechanisms behind the improvement of release properties will be highlighted and supported by theoretical considerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":413,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Polymer Science","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 101966"},"PeriodicalIF":26.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step hybrid block copolymerization by organocatalysis","authors":"Heng Li ,&nbsp;Weihong Zeng ,&nbsp;Zhizhuang Li ,&nbsp;Junpeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Guangzhao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid block copolymers, comprising two or more polymer segments with distinct main-chain compositions and physicochemical properties, have garnered profound interests due to their often-fortified propensities for self-assembly and microphase separation. An ideal approach for synthesizing such a block copolymer comprises spontaneously sequential or simultaneous polymerizations of mixed monomers, bearing different polymerizable groups, from one initiator. However, major challenges are frequently posed by the stringent requirements for dual catalyst-monomer suitability and/or the compatibility of two mechanistically distinct polymerizations. Fortunately, recent years have witnessed rapid progress in organo-/metal-free catalytic polymerization techniques, cultivating a diversity of effective strategies for achieving sequence-selective copolymerization of mixed monomers and one-step controlled synthesis of hybrid block copolymers. We aim to summarize here the recent advances in one-step block copolymerization of heterocycles by organocatalysis, with also vinyl monomers involved in plenty of cases. We also provide a brief overview of the critical reaction mechanisms, address current limitations, and suggest future directions for one-step block copolymer synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":413,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Polymer Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 101955"},"PeriodicalIF":26.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastomeric polymer network electrolyte: Synthesis, properties, and applications","authors":"Jinseok Park ,&nbsp;Heewoon Shin ,&nbsp;Wonho Lee ,&nbsp;Sheng Li ,&nbsp;Hyeong Jun Kim ,&nbsp;Bumjoon J. Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elastomeric polymer network electrolytes (EPNEs) are an emerging class of materials that combine the mechanical flexibility of elastomers with the ionic conductivity of electrolytes. Conventional liquid or gel-based polymer electrolytes suffer from solvent molecule-related leakage, evaporation, and flammability issues. Solid-state polymer electrolytes offer enhanced safety but tend to be rigid, brittle, and show poor adhesion with limited ionic conductivity. EPNEs offer solvent-free solid-state ionic conduction, enabled by the segmental motion of the flexible polymer chains. Their network structures also offer superior mechanical resilience and elasticity, making them highly promising for advanced electrochemical applications. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of EPNEs, comparing their characteristics to other electrolytes, and highlighting the various synthetic methods and design principles employed. Key performance metrics, including ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, and operational stabilities, are discussed in the context of their applications in energy applications, wearable electronics, and soft ionotronics. By addressing the potential of EPNEs and their development directions, this review highlights their critical role in advancing next-generation electrolytes, opening new opportunities for various fields of electrochemical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":413,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Polymer Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 101944"},"PeriodicalIF":26.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"80 years of the Mayo Lewis equation. A comprehensive review on the numerical estimation techniques for the reactivity ratios in typical and emerging copolymerizations","authors":"Iván Zapata-González ,&nbsp;Enrique Saldívar-Guerra ,&nbsp;Robin A. Hutchinson","doi":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microstructure and copolymer composition are characteristics important for both commodity and tailor-made materials synthesized by Free Radical Copolymerization (FRCoP) and other polymerization chemistries. The Mayo-Lewis equation (MLE), published in 1944, revolutionized copolymerization practice and theory by providing a straightforward relationship between comonomer and copolymer composition in terms of two parameters, the reactivity ratios (RR). Since that time, various forms of this non-linear equation, all based upon the terminal model (TM) of copolymerization, have been developed to facilitate estimation of RR values through fitting of experimentally measured copolymer compositions as a function of comonomer composition and/or monomer conversion. Early transformations introduced to allow linear regression methodologies have been replaced by powerful nonlinear numerical methods that provide statistically valid estimations of the reactivity ratios. In this review, the fundamentals of the linear and nonlinear numerical methodologies are described, with an emphasis on the recommended non-linear strategies for the determination of the RR using copolymer/monomer composition data at both low and moderate/high conversions. The shape and calculation of the Joint Confidence Regions (JCRs) associated with the RR values is also reviewed, and the optimal design of experiments for the determination of RR values is described.</div><div>While remarkably robust, the MLE does not provide an adequate description of copolymer composition for some systems. An examination of the assumptions associated with the derivation provides context for these exceptions. Systematic extensions of the MLE to capture the influence of penultimate unit effects, depropagation, and system (e.g., solvent, concentration, pH) dependencies are outlined. Additionally, discrepancies reported in the copolymer composition between the free-radical copolymerization and reversible deactivation radical copolymerization are analyzed in terms of kinetic fundamentals. While deviations from classic behavior are the exception rather than the rule, they demonstrate the need to carefully investigate any new system to validate the applicability of the MLE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":413,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Polymer Science","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 101956"},"PeriodicalIF":26.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}