Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography最新文献

{"title":"Design of a terminological learner’s dictionary in the customs sphere: A corpus approach","authors":"O. I. Devyatkova, N. Kantysheva","doi":"10.17223/22274200/25/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/25/3","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the principles of designing of a multilingual educational terminological dictionary in the customs sphere for the Russian-Belarusian-Kazakh-Kirghiz-Armenian language pairs. The dictionary is planned in electronic format and is intended for the University of Tyumen’s students majoring in Customs. A review of the existing dictionaries of the customs subject area is made. The prerequisites for compiling such a dictionary are analyzed: both in the professional customs domain and from a linguistic point of view. The thematic criteria for determining the boundaries of the discourse of the named subject area are described, the principles of modeling the elements of discourse are listed. The corpus-based study (AntConc, SketchEngine) describes the qualitative and quantitative principles of determining the coverage of discourse, algorithms for the formation of the general population and the sample size, the selection of relevant terminological units for the dictionary. Lexicographic work involves the consideration of different types of sources: (a) official documents (standards, program documents of the EAEU, regulatory legal acts, agreements on international treaties, protocols of meetings of the Eurasian Intergovernmental Council); (b) official websites of the customs services of Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan; (c) scientific/educational texts (summary monographs, articles in relevant specialized journals, new research in the field of customs studies); (d) dictionaries and encyclopedias. Each term has been selected on the basis of importance and usage within an area of the customs sphere. This dictionary will include various types of information: multilingual equivalents of terms, references to synonyms, antonyms, hypohyperonyms, and abbreviations. An ideographic dictionary - built using the corpus approach - will allow (a) analysing and structuring key concepts and trends in a simplified form using equivalents, pointers and links that reflect the subject area of the customs sphere; (b) collecting the minimum number of terminological units of real usage that are most effective in professional communication. (c) solving the problems posed by the different lexicalization of the same concepts in different languages. Quantitative and systemic criteria were used for this purpose. The learner’s dictionary can help students to understand and translate terminological texts, perform more effectively in a multilingual workplace, and advance knowledge in professional communication. The results can be applied not only to terminology representation, but also to terminography, documentation and translation. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the second edition of the Regional Dictionary of Vyatka Dialects: A new look and new approaches","authors":"Zoya V. Smetanina","doi":"10.17223/22274200/23/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/23/2","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the problem of republishing the Regional Dictionary of Vyatka Dialects: to combine disparate issues, after additional editing, or to model the dictionary in a new way? The lexicographic method itself, applied to a large source base, “dictates” a set of parameters for constructing a dictionary entry and the choice of the addressee of the dictionary -an ordinary resident of the Vyatka region. The aim of the article is to describe new approaches to modeling the system plan of vocabulary and phraseology. The new approaches concern: (1) the identification and connection of variants of words previously located in different volumes; (2) the introduction of references to synonyms, the presentation of synonymous series; (3) a new principle for the presentation of phraseological units; (4) a unified presentation of prepositional-case combinations. For example, the analysis revealed variants: orabukha -arabukha, boltuzit’ - voltuzit’, kopyrza - chupyrza, matrosit’ - patrosit’, spishnik - naspishnik. All units of the synonymous series denote one concept, belong to the same part of speech, have the same compatibility, the same stylistic connotation. At the same time, they are based on different structural elements, on different images, cf., for example: podvoloka, golubnitsa, nadyzbitsa, poneb ’e - “attic”. Synonymous series were introduced to different parts of speech, for example, the category of state: birko, oz’abno, I’uto - “cold”. New principles for the presentation of phraseological units by their main component made it possible to collect all nominations with somatic components, with components that include attributes of color, of pets and animals, etc. Thirteen phraseological units with the component heart are presented, for example: v odno serdtse - “together, with love”, serdtse zaimet’- ‘”to harbor a grudge against someone”, serdtse iznesti - “to take anger out on someone”. Information about festive traditions in peasant culture gives stable combinations with the nominal component song: gulevye, dolgie, korotkije, krugovye, pl’askovye, poezhanskie, sloevye, tantsovye. The lexicographic representation of prepositional-case combinations was unified and substantiated. As a result of the introduction of a new modeling of the system plan of vocabulary and phraseology, the Regional Dictionary of Vyatka Dialects acquires the features of an alphabetic-word family dictionary that illustrates the word-creating energy of dialect speakers and reveals the peculiarities of the linguistic picture of the world of the Vyatka peasantry. The author declares no conflicts of interests.","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a dictionary entry of the text connector “first of all” for the Dictionary of Function Words of the Russian Language","authors":"Pavel M. Tiurin","doi":"10.17223/22274200/26/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/26/4","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a dictionary entry of the text connector “first of all” (Rus. prezhde vsego) prepared in accordance with the model of lexicographic description for the Dictionary of Function Words of the Russian Language. The model was proposed by A.F. Priyatkina and E.A. Starodumova. Their works, as well as studies by the staff of the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Far Eastern Federal University on the description of functional words and their presentation in the Dictionary of Function Words of the Russian Language, were the theoretical basis of this study. The following research methods are used in the article: observation; description, including generalization and systematization of linguistic phenomena; and contextual analysis. Examples from the Russian National Corpus and examples collected from modern texts of various functional styles and genres are used as illustrative material. When preparing a dictionary entry, the author has found that the fixed expression “first of all” can function not only at the level of the text, but also at the level of the utterance. The description of the non-textual possibilities of this fixed expression should be the subject of a special research. The text connector “first of all” has the meaning “prior the rest”, “before the rest”, “what comes first from a multitude”, which allows it to be used in three functional variants: (1) the selection of one or several elements that meet certain requirements that are the most important; (2) the designation of the most important condition for further development/impossibility of development of the situation, the possibility/impossibility of the development of events; and (3) the designation of the main argument refuting what is said in the left context of the connector. The location of the connector in the utterance and punctuation design can vary. The fixed phrase “first of all” has been described in several dictionaries, but its description there is not complete. In this regard, a lexicographic description of the phrase was carried out according to the following parameters: types of use, homonymy, morphological structure, meaning (interpretation), functional and semantic variants, scope, functioning as a connector, functioning within the framework of one utterance and types of constructions, intonation, punctuation, location, interaction with other connectors, interaction with other function words, functions other than text connection, units similar in function and semantics, stylistic label, dictionary data, illustrations. The study shows that the text connector “first of all” can be described in the Dictionary of Function Words of the Russian Language in terms of semantics, variation of functions, intonation and punctuation design, interaction with other function words, and others. The author declares no conflicts of interests.","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67584179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology for compiling a digital dictionary of homographic proper names and common nouns (based on LPD, EPD, OED)","authors":"Natalya K. Ivanova, R. Kuzmina","doi":"10.17223/22274200/23/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/23/1","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the main approaches in compiling a projective electronic dictionary of proper names homographic with common nouns. The authors have found that the existing dictionaries of English proper names often give a general idea of onyms, their semantic, grammatical and etymological characteristics rather than a detailed description of the features of their pronunciation. In addition, homonymic groups of words that include a proper name are not mentioned in such dictionaries at all. Currently, there is no single onomasticon with representation of the entire range of phonetic variation and variability of lexical units. Thus, a dictionary of homographic proper names and common nouns, which is currently being compiled, will fill in some gaps in the system of lexicographic works. The research object is proper names that make up graphic homogroups with appellatives (about 200 groups) with a focus on their pronunciation determined by their semantics and grammatical features, as well as all possible phonetic variants of homographic proper names and appellatives registered in modern English pronouncing dictionaries - English Pronouncing Dictionary by D. Jones (EPD, 1-18 editions, 1917-2011) and Longman Pronunciation Dictionary by J. Wells (LPD, 1-3 editions, 19902008). The main aim is to develop the principles of compiling a digital dictionary of homographic proper names and common nouns. Using the resources of Oxford English Dictionary (OED), it is possible to create a more complete (combined) dictionary with indication of semantics and registration of all existing pronunciation variants of the entries. The article describes the initial stage of dictionary compilation and discusses the microstructure of lemmata for the letter “A” (9 graphic homogroups). The comparative lexicographic analysis carried out by the method of continuous sampling in EPD and LPD revealed inconsistency and insufficiency in the registration of both proper names and their meanings, as well as their British, American and some social pronunciation variants. The authors compiled a list of differences, regarding pronunciation, phonetic variants order, and semantics indication; checked the obtained information, using the OED online dictionary; then summarized and complemented the data from all three dictionaries and presented them in the entries (lemmata). The conducted linguistic research and the dictionary project are relevant for studying the problem of the English language variability. In the theoretical aspect it provides new data on the dynamics of the English language development, clarifies the dependence of the word pronunciation on its semantics, and the mechanisms of meaning conveying. In practical terms, the study provides a wide range of English language users with systematized data on the semantic and phonetic features of homographs. Their systematized layout is important for their correct usage in oral speech as wells as for the compilation of manuals, various","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the uniqueness of the particle chyо and phrases with it in connection with the issues of lexicographizing","authors":"M. Bobrova, Elena V. Kolos’ko","doi":"10.17223/22274200/27/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/27/1","url":null,"abstract":"The article continues a cycle of works in which the authors explore the common parlance word chyo. In connection with the issues of lexicographic description, the particle chyo and phrases with it are considered. Their specificity is revealed on the material of the card file for the Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects in comparison with the particle chto in the literary language according to the Dictionary of Contemporary Russian Literary Language. The particle is considered from the point of view of the main parameters of functioning and lexicographizing: formal, functional-pragmatic (communicative), and semantic. The analysis is complicated due to the actual absence of an exhaustive and consistent theory of particles for literary language and dialects. The following results were obtained. (1) According to various parameters, the particle chyo is only partially identical to its equivalent in the literary language, the semantic and functional-pragmatic range of the common parlance word chyo is wider. (2) In order to avoid contradictions of various theoretical approaches, the term “complex particle” should be abandoned in favor of the term “composite particle”, and labels clarifying the category of particles should be abandoned in favor of formulations that indirectly reflect the necessary information such as “used in interrogative and exclamatory sentences”, “used to enhance the meaning”, etc. (3) Polyfunctionality (a combination of features of different parts of speech) as a fundamental feature of the functioning of particles should be taken into account when defining the word chyo. Its definition, if possible, should also reflect the “shades” of the meaning chyo gives and describe transitional cases of using the particle as an interjection or introductory word. (4) For a correct lexicographic presentation of the material, if possible, the intonation of the phrase with the word chyo should be taken into account, it is necessary to include the widest possible context, commentaries of compilers of field materials. (5) It is necessary to reflect in the interpretation the shades of meaning, expressive and emotional evaluation, the modalities introduced by particles into the utterance. The features of the use of particles are easier to identify using substitution (by synonyms, equivalents) and elimination (removing of the analyzed word from the utterance) methods. (6) A special, in-depth consideration of combinations with the word chyo, including in the role of a particle, is required, which is the immediate prospect of this research. The article concludes that the analyzed materials confirm the authors’ idea of the need to include common parlance words in the corpus of dialect dictionaries and develop special approaches for the correct lexicographizing of such vocabulary.","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"284 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationally oriented lexicography and RFL training","authors":"V. Boguslavskaya, E. Budnik, A. S. Mamontov, Thi Ngoc Lan Trinh","doi":"10.17223/22274200/24/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/24/1","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the description and comprehension of the experience of developments in the field of linguistic and regional studies and nationally oriented educational lexicography. The latter is based on the ideas of nationally oriented education and associated with the creation of a linguo-cultural dictionary for citizens of Vietnam who study Russian as a foreign language. Today’s reality is considered to be largely aimed at purely applied aspects of knowledge, including in teaching foreign languages and, in particular, Russian as a foreign language (RFL). In this regard, dictionaries are becoming very significant, among which a special place belongs to the so-called “linguo-cultural dictionary”, which has a relatively recent history of use. Information obtained with the help of such lexicographic sources contributed and contributes to students’ deeper understanding of Russian in real situations. But, since a foreigner “in general” does not exist in nature, the so-called “nationally oriented education”, learning with regard to the national culture of the addressee, becomes more and more relevant. Nationally oriented education implies optimizing the teaching of a specific foreigner the ability to communicate primarily with a native representative of the Russian language and culture, i.e. teaching Russian not just as a foreign language, but as a means of intercultural communication. In this regard, a group of employees of the Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, the authors of this article, together with foreign partners, began to create a concept for a linguo-cultural learner’s dictionary of the so-called “active” type, intended for the Vietnamese audience. This dictionary, as conceived by the developers of the concept, will be focused mainly on a nonphilological audience that will be able to use the relevant information in communication with Russian-speaking partners in business, joint production, etc. As an example, against the background of the Vietnamese linguistic culture, the concept “family” is considered. This concept is part of the basic system of values of the native representatives of the Russian language and culture and in the future nationally oriented linguo-cultural dictionary intended for the Vietnamese audience. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67584032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian proverbs in linguo-axiological and lexicographic interpretation: Traditions and innovations","authors":"T. Nikitina, E. Rogaleva","doi":"10.17223/22274200/24/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/24/4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research presented in this article is to develop the concept of a linguo-axiological dictionary representation of proverbs and proverbial concepts in their current state, taking into account various structural and semantic transformations and new axiological components of their meaning. The sources of the material of the study were the paroemiological collections of I. M. Snegirev, I. I. Illustrov, V. I. Dahl, and modern authors; Internet sites; and recordings of live speech of modern native speakers of the Russian language. The development of the lexicographic aspect of the topic was preceded by a comprehensive linguistic analysis of paroemias. The methods of historical-etymological, component, contextual, linguo-axiological analysis reveal their modern semantics and cultural-historical background. The mechanisms of transformations are studied by the method of structural and semantic modeling. The authors’ method of axiologically oriented lexicographic parameterization of the material, developed to solve the research problems, is based on the domestic experience of the dictionary description of paroemias and the authors’ developments in this field. The developed model of the linguo-axiological dictionary representation of paroemias is presented on the material of the proverbial concept “House”, one of the basic concepts of Russian linguaculture. The representation of the paroemiological material in the alphabetical headword dictionary implies the explication of the evaluativeness not only of the original paroemia, but also of its transformations through emotive-evaluative labels, axiologically oriented definitions, and functional-pragmatic commentaries. The transformations of the original proverb are grouped according to structural and semantic models of transformation, which allows us to systematically reflect the transformational potential of the paroemia, to show the dynamics of its formal and conceptual sides, the displacement of its axiological vector. In the thematic dictionary of a new type, the evaluative component of the proverbial concept is reflected by the headings of dictionary macro-entries that convey the general axiological meaning of the group of paroemias. The dictionary macroentries with such axiological headings are grouped within thematic sections in the order from traditional value orientations of linguaculture to new evaluative attitudes represented by new paroemias and proverbial transformations. The emotive and evaluative characteristics of the proverbial material reflecting the new axiologemes allow us to conclude that the neo-paroemias and transformations of traditional proverbs convey the jokingly ironic attitude of nominators to the denial of traditional values rather than their real denial and ridicule. The proposed concept makes a theoretical contribution to the development of problems of linguo-axiological interpretation of paroemias and will find practical implementation in the creating of modern d","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67584167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precedent phenomena from children’s literature and their lexicographic description","authors":"Valentina D. Cherniak, K. P. Sidorenko, E. Nosova","doi":"10.17223/22274200/24/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/24/5","url":null,"abstract":"Precedent phenomena from texts of children’s literature occupy a significant place in the thesaurus of a contemporary. They are regularly reproduced in various types of texts, many of them have already established themselves in the lexical and phraseological system of the language as independent units (Doctor Aibolit, Cinderella) and are presented in dictionaries of various types. The article substantiates the need to describe this part of the intertextual thesaurus in a special dictionary. The experience of creating a concise dictionary of precedent phenomena related to children’s literature, functioning in modern speech, and being an integral part of the cultural memory of the Russian language personality is described. The composition of the dictionary and the components of the dictionary entry are characterized, the possibilities of interpretation of intertext elements are shown. Many elements of children’s reading are firmly fixed in the lexical system of the language, as evidenced by their inclusion in entries of explanatory dictionaries. The components that go back to texts of children’s literature are also presented in the phraseological part of dictionary entries or as illustrative material. Not all precedent phenomena acquire linguistic stability, but they are actively reproduced in oral and written speech and are potentially ready to enter the lexical and phraseological system. An attempt to create a dictionary was made in the publication Little Son Came to His Father: Precedent Names and Sayings From Children’s Literature. An Experience of a Dictionary. The words chosen as the title are lines from Vladimir Mayakovsky’s poem “What is Good and What is Bad”, written in 1925; they are actively functioning in speech today. However, these words also contain a second significant meaning - a dialogue of different generations. Attention to precedent names and statements from children’s literature is very important today in connection with the urgent problems of preserving the national cultural code, without which neither adequate understanding of texts nor effective communication of representatives of different age, cultural, and social groups is possible. Precedent statements and precedent names from Soviet children’s literature, which for decades have been (and partly still are) a significant component of children’s reading, are widely represented in the “experience of a dictionary”. The dictionary presents fairly widely precedent phenomena from the texts of Russian literature, traditionally included in the circle of children’s reading. The texts of foreign children’s literature from different eras are also significant in the intertextual thesaurus; precedent phenomena from them have been included in the dictionary. The source of the contexts of use in the dictionary were the materials of the Russian National Corpus, as well as examples collected by the compilers, including from the texts of the latest Russian fiction. The nominations functio","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67584195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On lexicographic description of the toponymic variant Piter","authors":"Sophia A. Rassadina, D. Shchukina, Olga N. Bondareva, M. Dmitrieva, N. A. Potapova","doi":"10.17223/22274200/23/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/23/5","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents arguments for listing the lexeme Piter, an unofficial, yet rather common name for the city of St. Petersburg, in dictionaries. To substantiate their draft dictionary entry, the authors bring in research data, the Russian National Corpus (RNC), contemporary information resources, as well as results of an associative verbal experiment they conducted. Having analyzed linguistic and encyclopedic dictionaries, the authors found the lexeme either missing or marked as a “vulgar”, “vernacular”, or “colloquial” name of St. Petersburg. However, both RNC and new media equally confirm that the toponymic variant Piter is commonly used in the contemporary Russian language. Moreover, it bears certain semantic load in fiction and mass media texts and forms the context. That allows arguing for listing the lexeme Piter in dictionaries for cultural and country studies through linguistics, as well as for developing a dictionary entry that would contain a relevant cultural linguistic commentary (CLC). The authors based the CLC of their draft dictionary entry on the concept of chronotope. It helped reveal some significant differences of the lexeme Piter from other names of the city. For that purpose, the authors conducted an associative verbal experiment. As the stimuli, the experiment participants received four names of the city, St. Petersburg, Petrograd, Leningrad, Piter. 550 respondents were asked to give an equal amount of associates to each stimulus. 11 percent of those had grown up in St. Petersburg, the rest had come there from other regions of Russia, 200 cities and towns in total. Having sorted the associates received from the respondents into lexico-thematic groups and analyzed those, the authors demonstrated differences between the four variants’ content planes and described the associative verbal plane of the lexeme Piter. Within the system of semantic relations built by the four toponymic variants, the meaning of the nomination Piter is formed by two contrapositions along the axes Past - Present and Formal - Informal. The variant Piter corresponds to actual, personal, emotionally significant experience. As mentioned earlier, that aspect of meaning is missing from the existing dictionaries that cover solely stylistic features of the lexeme and lack semantic peculiarities. As a result of their research, the authors suggest a draft dictionary entry Piter for dictionaries for cultural and country studies through linguistics. The entry’s structure contains the following elements: 1) headword; 2) grammatical labels; 3) definition; 4) examples of derivation; 5) use contexts (based on RNC and the authors’ research); 6) associative potential; 7) cultural linguistic commentary (result of the research). The authors declare no conflicts of interests.","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dictionary’s double “five” (on the 55th anniversary of the publication of the Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language edited by Aleksandr Molotkov)","authors":"A. Khusnutdinov","doi":"10.17223/22274200/25/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/25/2","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of lexicographic works is determined by their demand, the degree of satisfaction of user requests, and an innovative contribution to the general practice of vocabulary. However, there are dictionaries that contribute not only to lexicography proper, but also to the general theory of the language science. Among the latter are those which, according to the scientific ideas embedded in them, are ahead of their time; therefore, they can be objectively evaluated only after some time. Among them, of course, is the Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language edited by Aleksandr Ivanovich Molotkov. The dictionary was published exactly 55 years ago, in 1967. This article aims to assess the place and role of Molotkov’s Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language in the formation and development of phraseological science and phraseography and its significance as a practical guide for different categories of users. This lexicographic project was designed in the middle of the 20th century, when phraseology was just establishing itself as a special scientific discipline and the need for a special dictionary was especially acutely realized. It was a project in which the main corpus of phraseological units of the Russian language would be presented in a systematized and lexicographically processed form. The project was successfully implemented primarily because it was based on the integral scientific concept developed by Molotkov, which allowed not only to objectively describe the phraseological unit itself as a special unit of the language and the composition of such units in the language, but also to develop the basic principles of the lexicographic representation of idioms in the dictionary taking into account the specifics of their form, content, and use in speech. The analysis presented in the article shows that in this dictionary such aspects of a phraseological unit as its form; lexical and grammatical meanings; lexical and grammatical properties; compatibility with words; stylistic, emotional, and expressive connotations; historical and temporal relatedness; the peculiarities of the correlation of phraseological units with each other in the form and content, in particular the phenomena of homonymy, synonymy and antonymy in the field of phraseology received an original theoretical and lexicographic development. The language material described in the dictionary made it possible to present the main body of Russian phraseology and to show the place of idioms in Russian vocabulary, the features of the correlation of idioms with each other and with other units. The dictionary clearly shows that a phraseological unit is a special unit of the language, which is categorically different from all other units of the language, including words and phrases, both in its formal and content properties, and in its functional role in the language, and in its use in speech. In the conclusion, the article notes that the scientific concept develope","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}