Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography最新文献

{"title":"Linguoculturological commentary in polylingual dictionaries of proverbs","authors":"M. Bredis, E. Ivanov","doi":"10.17223/22274200/26/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/26/1","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the principles and content of a culturally oriented commentary on proverbs in comparative dictionaries. It substantiates the specifics of the linguoculturological commentary as a tool for the comparative description of proverbs in a multilingual dictionary. The methodological basis of the study is the provisions of the proverb theory reflected in the latest publications that consider proverbs as elements of the language and as a variety of aphoristic units, linguoculturological analysis of proverbs, their differentiation according to the degree of national specificity / commonality with other languages and the principles of reflecting such differentiation in comparative paremiography. Based on the material of Russian proverbs “about a fool” and their counterparts in certain Slavic, Baltic, Finno-Ugric and Turkic languages, the possibilities of linguoculturological commentary in identifying and dictionary representation of the national specificity of proverbial semantics are shown. Actually, the choice of this group of proverbs and languages of comparison is random, which significantly increases the representativeness of the study, makes its results deliberately objective, since in this case they can be extended to any groups of proverbs in any languages. The article formulates the main principles of the linguoculturological commentary in a polylingual dictionary: firstly, the proverbs of both the input language and the output language should be commented equally; secondly, proverb commentaries in all languages must be relevant (it means that volume, structure, subject orientation and depth of commenting should be the same for each language); thirdly, the most significant components of proverb content and form for the interlingual comparison should be the subject of commenting; fourthly, commentaries should be given separately for each proverb of each language, however, in terms of content, they should be projected onto each other. At the same time, in multilingual paremiological dictionaries, the interlingual linguocultural projection is of particular importance. The linguoculturological commentary in the proposed form will significantly increase the volume of a polylingual dictionary of proverbs; however, it will also significantly increase its representativeness and cognitive value both in the proper linguistic and cultural terms. The prospect of the research is to develop the structure of a culturally-oriented commentary in a polylingual dictionary of proverbs, ways of correlated commenting on their linguistic semantics and background semantics, methods of including linguoculturological commentary in various zones of a lexical entry, as well as determination of the system of paraverbal means of its representation in polylingual paremiography. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phonetic information in Russian-German and German-Russian dictionaries compiled in Germany in the 19th century","authors":"L. I. Akhmetsagirova","doi":"10.17223/22274200/23/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/23/3","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the study of phonetic information provided in Russian-German and German-Russian dictionaries which were compiled in Germany in the 19th century. The relevance of this research is determined by the lack of metalexicographic works on a detailed analysis of this issue. According to their title pages and prefaces, most of the Russian-German and German-Russian dictionaries were addressed equally to Germanspeaking and Russian-speaking users. The comparative study applied in this research shows how German lexicographers meet the need of both target groups for pronunciation information. In the course of the research, we studied the bilingual Russian-German and German-Russian dictionaries in relation to the formats of presenting phonetic information, the sound composition of Russian and German words, and of recording their prosodic characteristics (stress). The research reveals that German lexicographers of the 19th century paid considerable attention to the elaboration of phonetic information which was presented in the analyzed dictionaries in two formats. Information on pronunciation was either shown in dictionary entries or given separately outside the lemma list in the surrounding text (in phonetic appendices and tables). The most commonly used format is the presentation of the pronunciation directly in dictionary entries. By the end of the century, phonetic information was additionally introduced in the macrostructure of the dictionaries in the form of phonetic appendices/notes or alphabet tables with pronunciation rules. The problem of the accurate representation of the sound composition of words was not acutely posed in the dictionaries. Apparently, the reason is that pronunciation in Russian and German was quite in line with spelling so that why this type of information could be basically left out. Nevertheless, in some dictionaries, this phonetic parameter found some elaboration. In most cases, the sound composition was represented only for Russian words. All Russian-German and German-Russian dictionaries indicated word stress. But in most dictionaries, stress is placed only on Russian words. Only in three dictionaries, lexicographers indicated the position of stress on words of both languages. The analysis shows that information on pronunciation recorded for Russian words was slightly more elaborated than for German ones. It means that the main target group of these dictionaries were still German-speaking users. Based on the results of the research, a conclusion is made that German lexicographers tried in their own way to meet the requirements of the users and to make their dictionaries as user-friendly as possible. This experience is very valuable and of undoubted interest for contemporary lexicography. Therefore, there is a need in further special investigations dealing with these dictionaries. The author declares no conflicts of interests.","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psycholinguistic database TurkWordPerception as a lexicographic source (assessments of the contribution of perception modalities to semantics)","authors":"Z. Rezanova, Valeria E. Vladimirova, Timur E. Mashanlo","doi":"10.17223/22274200/26/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/26/5","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents TurkWordPerception (http://clingv.ru:3839/), a psycholinguistic database (PBD) on the assessment of 600 words of the Khakas and Tatar languages. The PBD was created within the framework of the project for studying the linguistic diversity of Southern Siberia. The article substantiates the theoretical foundations, data structure, methods of collecting the material. Using the descriptive statistical data based on the database materials, source studies capabilities of the PBD are assessed. When creating the database, the authors employed works in the field of the theory of embodied cognition, the study of linguistic relativity and the theory of the bilingual mental lexicon. The database includes assessments of 200 nouns, 200 adjectives, and 200 verbs for both Tatar and Khakas, which are translated equivalents of RuWordPerception data words. Information about the assessment of the relationship between the words of the two Turkic languages and the modalities of perception was collected using the questionnaire method based on the seven-point Likert scale. Data collection was carried out using paper questionnaires or in the experiment created in the PsychoPy software. Metadata about the respondents were also collected based on the sociolinguistic questionnaire and the language experience questionnaire. Currently, the database includes assessments of 600 words of the Tatar language in 5 modalities of perception, received from 75 respondents -142,225 assessments; 600 words of the Khakas language in 5 modalities of perception, received from 93 respondents - 188,370 assessments. The article uses descriptive statistics to monitor primary data sources, which are compared with similar RuWordPerception data. Speakers of the Tatar and Khakas languages give assessments of strong connection with all modalities of perception and of average connection - above 4. Tatar speakers give lower assessments in all modalities of perception compared to Khakas speakers (the significance level p=0.00 according to the Mann-Whitney test). Comparison of these data with assessments of Russian translated equivalents given by speakers of the Tatar and Khakas languages revealed a high degree of generality of the level of assessments given by representatives of the two language communities, with an inverse relationship: the Tatar give higher assessments of Russian translation equivalents compared to the Khakas. Evaluating the words of the Russian language, the speakers of Tatar and Khakas give lower assessments to them than to the words of their native languages. TurkWordPerception data can serve as a basis for conducting a multilateral analysis with the data obtained in world psycholinguistics on the material of other languages, and in general will contribute to the introduction of the Tatar and Khakas languages into the paradigm of psycholinguistic research. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67584210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semantic dimensions of populism in English (dictionary and corpus data analysis)","authors":"E. Gritsenko, Alexander E. Galochkin","doi":"10.17223/22274200/27/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/27/2","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to reveal the semantic content of the concept “populism” in modern English. The need to address this topic is driven by the fact that a significant part of the research is dedicated to the analysis of specific forms of populism or populist parties in the aspect of political science, discourse theory, political rhetoric, and ideology. From the standpoint of linguistics, the content of this concept was practically not considered. The study focuses on various structural components of the definitions and illustrative contexts of the word “populism” in British and American explanatory dictionaries and the texts of the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). Electronic versions of explanatory English dictionaries were used for the analysis: Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Oxford English Dictionary (LEXICO), Cambridge English Dictionary, Collins English Dictionary, and Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Definitions, dictionary labels, and illustrative contexts of the words “populism” and “populist” were analyzed. The corpus analysis was carried out on the basis of the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The semantic content of the concept of populism was revealed by analyzing the collocates and clusters of this lexeme in accordance with the peculiarities of its syntactic representation. The selection of the collocates was carried out on the basis of the MI (mutual information) metric. The results were compared with sort by frequency; matching collocates were selected for analysis. Clusters were allocated within four words to the left or to the right of the node word, the communication distance was medium. The methods of semantic and corpus-oriented analysis, as well as the method of discourse analysis, were used to identify the evaluative tone (semantic prosody) of language units that characterize the ideologeme “populism”. The analysis of dictionary definitions in all considered lexicographical sources showed that the policy of populism is based on antagonism between the elite and the people, the protection of the interests of the people is emphasized as well. In the given examples of the corpus, as well as in the illustrative contexts of the dictionaries, various “types” of populism are mentioned: “traditional” vs. “new”, “good” vs. “bad”, “progressive”, “economic”, “market”, “cultural”. The analysis of the examples showed that both in the function of the semantic object and in the function of the semantic subject, the lexeme “populism” is used mainly with predicates with negative connotations. Attributive collocations also indicate the negative-evaluative connotation. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that populism is an extremely heterogeneous phenomenon that manifests itself both in the political and socio-cultural spheres. Populism is based on the system of binary oppositions built on the confrontation of the people and the elite, with attitudes towards nationalism, protectionis","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67584004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the conception of an ethnolinguistic mythological dictionary of the Altaians","authors":"N. Oynotkinova","doi":"10.17223/22274200/26/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/26/3","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the conception of the Mythological Dictionary of the Altaians, the principles of description and thematic classification of mytholexemes. The conception of the mythological dictionary is outlined. The dictionary’s development takes into account the specifics of the national worldview. The purpose and objectives of the dictionary are formulated; the material and research methods are characterized; the description and characteristics of the structure of the dictionary and dictionary entry are given; the basic principles of glossary formation are highlighted. The compiled dictionary refers to the linguoculturological explanatory dictionary type. The main principles for choosing mythemes were: (1) complete or partial inconsistency of the mythological significate (the conceptual content of a name or sign) with the referent (an object of extralinguistic reality); (2) mythologism, or the presence in the semantics of the word of a reduced myth; (3) conceptual content that is not limited to the lexical meaning of the word, and the semantics of the mythological concept revealed by its historical, ethnographic, figurative, evaluative components; (4) stability and variability of the mytholexeme in the mythology and folklore of a given ethnic group or area. The identified mytholexemes were classified based on their part-of-speech affiliation, word-formation pattern, and conceptual content. In addition to the mythological vocabulary of the southern Altaians (Altai-Kizhi, Telengits, Teleuts), the dictionary includes the vocabulary of the northern dialect groups (Chalkans, Kumandins, Tubalars). The dictionary is illustrated by contexts from published and unpublished sources, archival and field materials, texts of different genres that contain myths, legends, mythological stories, legends, heroic tales, and ritual texts of the Altaians. The dictionary has thematic sections: “The World of Deities and Spirits”, “The World of Nature”, “The World of Man”, “The World of Things”. The thematic section “The World of Deities and Spirits” includes subsections: deities and spirits of the Upper World, deities and spirits of the Lower World, deities and spirits of the Middle World, the world tree. The section “The World of Nature” consists of subsections: planets and stars, natural phenomena, metals and minerals, flora and fauna. The section “The World of Man” includes subsections: man and his soul, parts of the body, heroes, social roles; birth; time and calendar; cult objects; food; ritual actions. The section “The World of Things” contains subsections: buildings and household items; weapon; clothing and jewelry; cultural items. A special subsection contains lexemes expressing numerical and color features of objects. The bilingual explanatory Mythological Dictionary of the Altaians acquaints the reader with the mythological concepts, ideas of this ethnic group that go deep into their ancient pagan beliefs and shamanism. It can be in demand not only in stu","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67584047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axiology of neophrasemes and phraseotransformations in lexicographic interpretation","authors":"V. Mokienko, T. Nikitina","doi":"10.17223/22274200/25/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/25/4","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the authors’ solution to the problem of dictionary description of neophrasemes and transformed phraseological units. The aim of the article is to show the axiology of phraseological neologisms in its dynamics and to reveal the possibilities of lexicographic interpretation of the evaluative vector of new and transformed phraseological units. The lexicographic experience accumulated by the authors in this direction is summarized. The models of axiological parameterization of phraseological neologisms developed for the updated versions of phraseological and slang dictionaries using the method of structural-semantic modeling, contextual, historical-etymological and linguoculturological analysis are shown on the phraseological material of the last three decades. The research revealed trends in updating the phraseology of the national language and its social variants. The sources of new axiological phraseological units in the field of literature, cinema, political discourse, and advertising are considered. The axiological semantics of neo-phrasemes borrowed from the English language, reflecting new facts and trends in the sociopolitical and economic spheres, is determined. The results of the study have led to conclusions about the optimal ways of representing the axiological semantics of neophrasemes, developed in addition to the materials of the Large Dictionary of Russian Sayings, the Large Dictionary of Russian Jargon, and the special dictionary of new Russian phraseology: for this purpose, not only traditional “stylistic” marks can be used, but also evaluatively oriented definitions and comments that reveal the motives of naming and chronotopic labeling of neophrasemes. As illustrations, in addition to text fragments, Internet memes that explicate the meaning of phraseological neologisms will be useful. The expediency of creating a special dictionary of phraseotransforms, in most cases implementing the function of evaluating objects and phenomena in socially significant areas, is proved. An algorithm for describing phraseotrans-forms in a complex dictionary entry under the heading in the form of a phraseological unit in canonical form is presented. This will make it possible to trace the evaluative constants of linguaculture and the reorientation of the axiological vector and the function of the phraseological unit, which in the act of transformation loses its negative evaluativeness, turns into a hashtag, a fragment of an email address or is remotivated and becomes a visual phraseo-joke in the format of an Internet meme. The results of the study will be useful for the development of the theory of linguoaxiology and phraseographic practice. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of Czech and Slovak lexical nuclei using vocabulary parametric analysis","authors":"I. A. Merkulova, E. Markova","doi":"10.17223/22274200/27/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/27/4","url":null,"abstract":"The article suggests a solution to the problem of the sister languages’ vocabulary comparison. The subject of research is Czech and Slovak vocabulary given in small bilingual dictionaries. The same metalanguage (Russian) of the definitions in such dictionaries makes the semantic analysis of vocabulary easy. The basic method is parametric analysis. It implies the ranking of words of a language according to four system parameters: functional, syntagmatic, paradigmatic, and epidigmatic ones. For each parameter, it is necessary to distinguish a local nucleus, which includes about 1000 words. Local parametric vocabulary nuclei make it possible to identify (1) the shortest, i.e., non-derivative and common (frequently used) vocabulary in these Slavonic languages; (2) vocabulary most commonly used in various fixed expressions and collocations; (3) vocabulary that forms the largest synonymic chains; (4) the most polysemantic vocabulary. The addition of local nuclei allows forming a big parametric nucleus. It includes words, which possess parametric weight values based on at least three parameters (out of four). For Czech, the big parametric nucleus comprises 279 words. For Slovak, it comprises 282 words. These lexical sets present the subject of the further analysis aimed at classifying the meanings of the words. At first, the authors establish that Czech and Slovak nuclei contain 61 words meaning the same in both languages. Besides, among them, there are 30 words that possess not only the same meaning but the same form as well. The big parametric nuclei do not contain false friends, i.e. words that look similar but differ in meaning. Then the authors do qualitative analysis of nuclear lexemes’ semantics. They find out that, in Czech and Slovak, basic semantic groups are formally similar, but they differ in intragroup distribution. Language data illustrate the fact that such semantic groups as “Activity”, “Abstract Notions”, “Human Being” are the dominant semantic groups in both languages. In the Slovak big parametric nucleus, a quantitative gap between them is less perceptible than in the Czech one. Besides, the semantic group “Human Being” occupies a higher position in the Slovak parametric nucleus. The dominance of the semantic group “Activity” and of the big parametric nucleus, as well as a negligible percent of words in the subgroup “Imitating Activity”, justifies the fact that, for Czech native speakers, not a person but a person-agent is of a particular importance. At the same time, the high percents of the semantic group “Nature” and of subgroup “A Person of Nature” prove that great attention to nature objects is a feature of Slovak native speakers’ worldview.","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67584071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dictionary of foreign words as a lexicographic genre","authors":"I. Nechaeva","doi":"10.17223/22274200/25/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/25/1","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out on the material of dictionaries of foreign (foreign-language) words published in the period from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day (a total of nineteen editions). Among them are dictionaries of a general type, including concise ones, as well as dictionaries of neological vocabulary. The article sets the aim of analyzing the experience accumulated over two centuries and identifying the features in their development that are inherent in the dictionary of borrowings as a genre. The author’s field of vision is the issue of the opposition of linguistic and encyclopaedic features of the dictionary description in the dictionary of borrowed words. In the first part of the article, attention is paid to the dictionary’s microstructure, in the second to its macrostructure. Despite the initial conceptual setting on the communication of encyclopaedic information about the concept denoted by a foreign word, features of a linguistic dictionary have always been inherent in loanword dictionaries. This is shown by the material of dictionary entries from papers of different years, starting from 1901. At the level of the dictionary microstructure, such features are: etymology, data on the sphere of use of the word, data on semantic derivation and semantic transfers, paradigmatic connections of the word, its combinatorial properties, closest derivational connections, and variability of form. At the level of macrostructure, this may be a reflection of the typological properties of foreign-language vocabulary (borrowings, quasi-borrowings, hybrid words, secondary borrowings, semantic derivatives). The fact of genetic heterogeneity of borrowed vocabulary has hardly been reflected in dictionary practice until now. All the provisions are illustrated with examples from dictionary editions of different years. Proposed for discussion is the thesis about the unproductiveness of the fundamental opposition of encyclopaedic and linguistic knowledge within the framework of an explanatory dictionary (a dictionary of foreign words by its genre refers to aspect explanatory dictionaries). This thesis is supported by the evidence of well-known lexicographers and examples from the semantic, phraseological and illustrative zones of modern dictionaries. The specificity of the vocabulary of the loanword dictionary is a high percentage of terminological vocabulary, which is essentially a carrier of encyclopaedic information. Therefore, the synthesis of conceptual presentation and linguistic description (in various proportions) in the interpretation of a foreign term is inevitable. In conclusion, a brief typology of dictionaries of foreign words is given in various aspects: in terms of the period of the borrowing of the word, the source language of the borrowing, the addressee of the dictionary, the selection of dictionary units in relation to their belonging to the language standard. The question is raised about the appropriateness of includi","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The inner world of a person in metaphorical models with the object domain “precious stones” (based on dictionaries of poetic images)","authors":"Elena V. Kupchik","doi":"10.17223/22274200/26/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/26/2","url":null,"abstract":"The article characterizes the inner world of a person in metaphorical models with the object domain “precious stones” in dictionaries of images. The research material is fragments of texts of Russian literature, including figurative comparisons of the realities of the inner world of a person with precious stones. Sources of the material are: Dictionary of Poetic Images by N.V. Pavlovich; Dictionary of the Language of Poetry by N.N. Ivanova and O.E. Ivanova; Materials for the Dictionary of Metaphors and Comparisons of Russian Literature of the 19th-20th Centuries by N.A. Kozhevnikova and Z.Yu. Petrova. The article uses the following research methods and techniques: analysis of theoretical sources on the problem, collection of material, observation, classification and systematization, quantitative calculations. The research includes the following stages: detection in dictionary materials of the realization of metaphorical models containing a comparison of an object of the inner world with the object domain “precious stones”; determination of the composition of the models; description of the subject and object areas; determination of the grounds for comparisons; identification of the most significant subjects and objects of comparison and the main metaphorical models; indication of trends in the development of imagery reflected in the implementation of metaphorical models in texts of different times. The study shows that dictionaries of images contain a significant number of implementations of metaphorical models of the inner person with the “precious stone” object domain. These models capture ideas about features and properties of the realities of the inner world important for Russian culture, relating to the invisible organs of a person, their feelings, emotions, intelligence. The main subjects of comparison are soul, heart, love, sadness, dream, thought; the main objects of comparison are diamond, pearl and rhinestone. These comparisons are much more common than others and are reflected in all three dictionaries. The hardness, transparency, brilliance of a cut diamond; the color and purity of pearls; the transparency and fragility of crystal, its ability to sound allow them to be metaphorical analogues for especially valuable and attractive realities of the inner world of a person. The figurative characteristic of the inner world is also based on the peculiarities of the formation of diamond (earth’s interior, pressure, high temperatures) and pearls (water depths, closeness in the shell). The materials of the dictionaries reflect the trends in the development imagery; the replenishment of figurative series with new elements, the reduction of traditionally elevated realities, the concretization of images. The implementation of metaphorical models with the object domain “precious stones” reflect in versatile ways the ideas about the inner world of a person that exist in Russian culture. The author declares no conflicts of interests.","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language of Mikhail Lomonosov in the mirror of writer’s dictionaries","authors":"N. Patroeva","doi":"10.17223/22274200/23/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/22274200/23/4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to analyze the scientific linguistic dictionaries of the early 21st century that describe the poetic and scientific heritage of Mikhail Lomonosov and the rhetorical system he proposed, in terms of the heuristic possibilities that these lexicographic experiments provide to the researcher of the Lomonosov language and style. The research material is five editions of the academic Dictionary of the Language of M. V. Lomonosov, the dictionary Rhetoric of M. V. Lomonosov. Tropes and Figures, the second volume of the Syntactic Dictionary of Russian Poetry of the 18th Century. The main methods are general scientific (analysis, synthesis, inductive and deductive, comparative, quantitative) and specific philological (contextual, comparative-descriptive, functional-descriptive, etc.). The analysis showed that a series of vocabulary materials created by the project team of the Institute of Linguistic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, made an important contribution to the comprehensive description of Lomonosov’s poetry in terms of its metric and stanzaic repertoire, the rhyming system and the lexical and grammatical design of verse endings, presentation of individual groups of vocabulary participating in the formation of the scientific and odic styles of the middle of the 18th century. Using the example of the lexicographic description of the word azure, the author of the article reveals the rich informative potential that a researcher can extract from Volumes 1-5 of the Dictionary of the Language of M. V. Lomonosov. The data of the dictionary show the frequency the word has, the range of its meanings, grammatical variants, the genre and stylistic range of the use of the word in Lomonosov’s works, the word’s participation in the rhyme lexicon, the rhythm-metric organization of Lomonosov’s poetic experiments. The analysis of the lexeme azure allows the author of the article to come to the conclusion that it was not Lomonosov’s poetic practice but his scientific work that contributed to the consolidation in the general literary use of the feminine gender of azure. Comparison of the Rhetoric of M. V. Lomonosov. Tropes and Figures and the materials of the Syntactic Dictionary of Russian Poetry of the 18th Century proves the closest connection between the rhetorical theory set forth in the Rhetoric and Lomonosov’s own poetic practice: all the tropes and figures Lomonosov described are found, albeit with varying frequency, in his poetry. In addition to the devices of “decorated” speech presented in the Rhetoric, Lomonosov also uses others that are not mentioned in the Brief Guide to Eloquence as special phenomena, and this confirms the idea of the poverty of any classifications in comparison with real literary practice. Lomonosov dictionaries make it possible to present in a systematized form many features of the idiostyle of the poet and scientist, to highlight the stages of the formation of general literary, general poetic, genre an","PeriodicalId":41132,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Leksikografii-Russian Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67583958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}