Progress in Energy and Combustion Science最新文献

{"title":"Particle-based high-temperature thermochemical energy storage reactors","authors":"Jian Zhao ,&nbsp;David Korba ,&nbsp;Ashreet Mishra ,&nbsp;James Klausner ,&nbsp;Kelvin Randhir ,&nbsp;Nick AuYeung ,&nbsp;Like Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2024.101143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2024.101143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solar and other renewable energy driven gas-solid thermochemical energy storage (TCES) technology is a promising solution for the next generation energy storage systems due to its high operating temperature, efficient energy conversion, ultra-long storage duration, and potential high energy density. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the respective gravimetric and volumetric TCES energy storage densities vary from 200 to 3000 kJ kg⁻¹ and 1–3 GJ m⁻³. Solar radiation or heat generated from electric furnaces powered by renewable electricity can be stored in the form of chemical energy through endothermic reactions, while the stored chemical energy can be converted to thermal energy via an exothermic reaction when needed. The design of highly effective reactors requires a deep understanding of materials, thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, and transport phenomena. At time of writing, TCES reactors are yet to be deployed at commercially relevant scales, leaving a substantial gap between development efforts and commercial feasibility. Therefore, this review aims to examine the state-of-the-art design and performance of particle-based TCES reactors with different reactive materials. Fundamentals related to TCES reactive materials, reaction conditions, thermodynamics and kinetics, and transport phenomena are reviewed in detail to provide a comprehensive understanding of the reactor design and operation. Five major types of TCES reactors have been comprehensively reviewed and compared, including fixed, moving, rotary, fluidized, and entrained bed reactors. Most reported prototype reactors in the literature operate at lab scale with thermal inputs below 40 kW, and scaled TCES reactors (e.g., at megawatt level) are yet to be demonstrated. The nominal reactor operating temperatures range from 300 to 1500 °C, depending on the selected chemistry, reactive material, and heat sources. To evaluate their designs, the reactors are assessed in aspects of performance, cost, and durability. Discrepancies in performance indicators of energy storage density, extent of reaction, and various energy efficiencies are highlighted. The scale-up of reactors and power block integration, which hold the key to the successful commercialization of TCES systems, are critically analyzed. Advanced materials (both reactive materials and ceramic reactor housing materials), effective particle flow control, advanced modeling tools, and novel system design may bring significant improvement to the energy efficiency, storage density and cost competitiveness of particle-based TCES reactors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 101143"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139709058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status and challenges of plasma and plasma-catalysis for methane coupling: A review","authors":"Valeriia Maslova ,&nbsp;Raluca Nastase ,&nbsp;Gleb Veryasov ,&nbsp;Nikolai Nesterenko ,&nbsp;Elodie Fourré ,&nbsp;Catherine Batiot-Dupeyrat","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Non-thermal plasma appears as a promising alternative technology to develop the electrification of the petrochemical industry. Non-thermal plasma has the advantage of operating at atmospheric pressure and room temperature in “on/off” mode. The high-energy electrons generated are able to activate many reactants allowing thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to occur. Methane coupling is particularly important to produce C</span>₂<span> hydrocarbons, especially ethylene known as a platform chemical for the synthesis of many products. In this review, the state-of-the-art of plasma and plasma-catalysis for methane coupling is described. Focus is given on plasma chemistry and the influence of different parameters related to plasma reactors and gas composition are discussed. The role of a catalyst coupled with plasma is detailed and synergies are explained for various catalytic compositions.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 101096"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139487736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Battery safety: Machine learning-based prognostics","authors":"Jingyuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xuning Feng ,&nbsp;Quanquan Pang ,&nbsp;Michael Fowler ,&nbsp;Yubo Lian ,&nbsp;Minggao Ouyang ,&nbsp;Andrew F. Burke","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithium-ion batteries play a pivotal role in a wide range of applications, from electronic devices to large-scale electrified transportation systems and grid-scale energy storage. Nevertheless, they are vulnerable to both progressive aging and unexpected failures, which can result in catastrophic events such as explosions or fires. Given their expanding global presence, the safety of these batteries and potential hazards from serious malfunctions are now major public concerns. Over the past decade, scholars and industry experts are intensively exploring methods to monitor battery safety, spanning from materials to cell, pack and system levels and across various spectral, spatial, and temporal scopes. In this Review, we start by summarizing the mechanisms and nature of battery failures. Following this, we explore the intricacies in predicting battery system evolution and delve into the specialized knowledge essential for data-driven, machine learning models. We offer an exhaustive review spotlighting the latest strides in battery fault diagnosis and failure prognosis via an array of machine learning approaches. Our discussion encompasses: (1) supervised and reinforcement learning integrated with battery models, apt for predicting faults/failures and probing into failure causes and safety protocols at the cell level; (2) unsupervised, semi-supervised, and self-supervised learning, advantageous for harnessing vast data sets from battery modules/packs; (3) few-shot learning tailored for gleaning insights from scarce examples, alongside physics-informed machine learning to bolster model generalization and optimize training in data-scarce settings. We conclude by casting light on the prospective horizons of comprehensive, real-world battery prognostics and management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 101142"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360128523000722/pdfft?md5=4a9237e2c3677c7524996f8d18159a77&pid=1-s2.0-S0360128523000722-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139436700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiery ice: An overview of methane hydrate combustion","authors":"D. Dunn-Rankin ,&nbsp;Y.-C. Chien ,&nbsp;T. Ueda ,&nbsp;R. Ohmura","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article describes the combustion behavior of combustible gases as they are released from the clathrate cages of a hydrate. Gas hydrates (clathrates) are ice-like crystalline solids that encapsulate guest gas molecules. It has become known that a significant methane storehouse is in the form of methane hydrates on the sea floor and in the arctic permafrost. There is great interest in this large fuel storehouse, particularly how to extract the methane from the clathrates. One of the unique features of methane clathrate is that it is flammable, despite being 85% water – fiery ice. While methane clathrates are the most prevalent in nature, other combustible gas hydrates (notably, propane and hydrogen) also have potential energy technology implications. In addition, carbon-dioxide hydrates have been proposed as a potential post-combustion greenhouse gas sequestration strategy, and there is a wide range of separation technologies and thermal management that take advantage of the unique thermodynamic and kinetic features of hydrate formation. To better understand the important implications of direct utilization of fuel clathrates and the related potential environmental consequences of CO₂ hydrates, we describe the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the formation and structure of gas hydrates, and the combustion behavior of flammable gas hydrates. The combustion studies involve determining the rate of ice melt and water evaporation during the hydrate burn, as well as the interesting phenomenon of self-healing, where the hydrates stop burning by forming an ice sheet on their surface. Experimental results are used to estimate the heat transfer from the flame into the hydrate and to calculate the amount of energy released to sustain the flame. This article provides the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the basics and the subtleties of hydrates and their combustion, thereby explaining the true meaning of fiery ice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 101111"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360128523000412/pdfft?md5=c99c35ea99181c38f58d6c3e859d1476&pid=1-s2.0-S0360128523000412-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139433789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lattice Boltzmann methods for combustion applications","authors":"Seyed Ali Hosseini ,&nbsp;Pierre Boivin ,&nbsp;Dominique Thévenin ,&nbsp;Ilya Karlin","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Progress in recent years has opened the door for yet another area of application for the lattice Boltzmann method: Combustion simulations. Combustion is known to be a challenge for numerical tools due to, among many other reasons, a large number of variables and scales both in time and space. The present work aims to provide readers with an overview of recent progress and achievements in using the lattice Boltzmann method for combustion simulations. The article reviews some basic concepts from the lattice Boltzmann method and discusses different strategies to extend the method to compressible flows. Some of the lattice Boltzmann models developed to model mass transport in multi-species system are also discussed. The article provides a comprehensive overview of models and strategies developed in the past years to simulate combustion with the lattice Boltzmann method and discuss some of the most recent applications, remaining challenges and prospects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 101140"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360128523000709/pdfft?md5=c3a3ad17580a23c91753a13c5c6eb62f&pid=1-s2.0-S0360128523000709-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139411186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of emulsion fuels –Implications to spray and engine studies","authors":"Sudarshan Gowrishankar ,&nbsp;Preetika Rastogi ,&nbsp;Anand Krishnasamy ,&nbsp;Madivala G. Basavaraj ,&nbsp;Niket Kaisare ,&nbsp;Indrapal Singh Aidhen","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Conventional diesel combustion is a mixing-limited process that passes through high temperature and fuel-rich zones, leading to oxides of nitrogen (NO</span>_x<span>) and particulate matter (PM) formation. Simultaneous reduction of NO</span>_x and PM is difficult due to NO_x<span>-PM trade-off. As alternative fuels, emulsions of water-in-diesel offer several advantages, including a simultaneous reduction in NO</span>_x<span><span> and PM formation. There are, however, disparities in the reported engine performance and emission<span><span> characteristics, as they appear to depend on the constituents and microstructure of the emulsion fuel used and engine conditions. Studies on engine performance and exhaust emissions were often carried out without adequate characterization of the emulsions. Therefore, the paucity of cohesive data can be circumvented by standardizing the protocols for emulsion fuels, tailoring their morphology, structure, and characterization, and optimizing engine conditions. This review article recapitulates the salient features of emulsion fuels, from their synthesis, microstructure, characterization, and macroscopic spray characteristics to performance and emissions in </span>diesel engines<span>. A critical analysis of the current state of knowledge is also presented, emphasising the tunability of droplet size and characterization </span></span></span>of emulsion stability. The review concludes by suggesting the path forward to utilizing emulsion fuels.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 101133"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139094620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkali metal release in thermochemical conversion of biomass and coal: Optical measurements and modeling","authors":"Zhihua Wang ,&nbsp;Siyu Liu ,&nbsp;Wubin Weng ,&nbsp;Yong He ,&nbsp;Marcus Aldén ,&nbsp;Zhongshan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alkali metals, mainly K and Na, which are present in solid fuels such as biomass and coal, play an important role during their thermal conversion, e.g., in combustion or gasification. At high temperatures, alkali elements will be released in gas phase as alkali atoms, alkali chlorides, alkali hydroxides and alkali sulphates. In biomass/coal-fired boilers, the release of these alkali species can cause problems such as corrosion, slagging and fouling, threatening the safe operation of the facilities. The information on the release dynamic is important for developing proper models for alkali metal transformation in solid fuel combustion and gasification. Therefore, accurate quantitative measurements of the release of different alkali species during thermal-chemical conversion processes of biomass/coal are important. In this paper, we review literatures published over the last few decades in the field of quantitative optical measurements of alkali metals performed in combustion/gasification processes, and the release modeling based on those optical measurements. Firstly, the current situation of biomass and coal utilization is discussed, including the speciation of alkali metals in biomass/coal and their adverse effects on facilities. Secondly, requirements for optical measurements as well as several quantitative optical techniques are introduced including the general principles, typical setups, calibration methods and major advantages and drawbacks. In contrast to off-line techniques, these optical techniques provide nonintrusive measurements with high temporal and spatial resolution, which are indispensable for alkali release modeling. Furthermore, the alkali release behaviors based on optical measurements in thermochemical conversion processes are discussed. Based on the experimental results, the kinetic data for alkali release were summarized. Alkali release modeling was fulfilled relying on the knowledge of alkali release mechanisms and the kinetic data. In addition, simulations of alkali metal release with computational fluid dynamics during the biomass/coal combustion processes are also discussed, providing valuable information for industrial processes. Finally, typical examples of industrial applications of optical measurement methods in solid fuel thermochemical conversion processes as well as waste incineration and other processes are presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 101131"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360128523000618/pdfft?md5=f78171e98db5f0cd07a14df07f3b6762&pid=1-s2.0-S0360128523000618-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138468069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in process intensification of direct air CO2 capture with chemical conversion","authors":"Enrique García-Bordejé ,&nbsp;Rafael González-Olmos","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Capturing CO₂ from air (DAC) is becoming an attractive technological route to face the climate crisis. This paper reviews the existing research efforts to integrate DAC with conversion technologies to transform the captured CO₂ into chemicals or fuels. The approach can potentially lead to net zero carbon emissions, thus being of interest in a circular economy framework. A growing amount of research has been devoted to the combination of DAC with CO₂ conversion, leading to creative strategies which start to be scaled up. In this review, we have critically analysed the existing approaches by the degree of process integration. From the point of view of process intensification, the integration of both capture and reaction in the same vessel can potentially lead to equipment and energy cost savings besides other synergistic effects. In this vessel, the DAC and conversion can occur either in consecutive stages with change of feed or spontaneously in a cascade reaction without changing the conditions. As a side effect, the benefits entailed by process intensification in different levels of integration may be a decisive driving force for the widespread deployment of DAC. This paper discusses the ongoing research and perspectives to guide researchers in this promising new field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 101132"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036012852300062X/pdfft?md5=0bd0c771cfbfe138568be1e8e716f556&pid=1-s2.0-S036012852300062X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138135926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into dust soiling characteristics and cleaning solutions to investigate impact on PV systems performance across the globe","authors":"Khaled Alazbe, Habbie Alex Roy, Aysha Alremeithi, ALKindi Saif, Maram AlHashmi, Layal Daccache, Aaesha Alnuaimi","doi":"10.1088/2516-1083/ad0adb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1083/ad0adb","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The energy crisis we currently struggle with is an augmentation of decades of neglect and irrational exploitation of the Earth’s resources. With manifold contributing factors such as the high demand for energy, highly over-populated areas, and fossil fuel depletion, the EU has proposed to cut greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% of 1990 levels by 2030, on the ambitious road to becoming carbon neutral by 2050. Enlarging and diversifying efficient renewable resources is a crucial pillar to satisfying the overwhelming energy needs. The road to this goal is paved by the intensive implementation of solar resources, which are the most promising with their ability to cover an entire year’s energy consumption by just one hour of irradiation if almost 100% of the incoming solar energy could be converted. As widespread and evolved as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems might be, they do present a myriad of challenges in their lifetime. PV soiling is among the major bottlenecks in PV power plants due to its direct influence on both the performance and efficiency of the overall system. This work will shed light on soiling characteristics after guiding through the soiling concepts, rates, and geographical distribution probability. The nature of soiling, its composition, and its impact on the performance of PV modules with full-sized cells will be described. The essence of this review is based on the various cleaning mechanisms that aim to reduce soiling and enhance PV plant performance. This work is concluded by summarizing the review content whilst highlighting the current support and efforts put forth by worldwide organizations to embody the motivation and essence of requirements in the pursuit of soiling reduction and green energy pathways.","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":" 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135340944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid biofuel powering the sustainable transport with a low-carbon emission: a review","authors":"Junyu Tao, Chao Chen, Jian Wang, Jian Li, Shengquan Zhou, Chen Chen, Beibei Yan, Wei Guo, Zhanjun Cheng, Guanyi Chen","doi":"10.1088/2516-1083/ad09ef","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1083/ad09ef","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Energy consumption from transport has been increasing at a fast rate and become a major sector, which takes 29% of total global energy demand. Since transport energy consumption primarily relies on fossil fuels, it has resulted in serious carbon emissions and environmental degradation. Moreover, the volatility prices of fossil fuel and unstable international security have attracted keen interest for many developing and industrialized countries looking for sustainable and clean alternatives. Liquid biofuels, including but not limited to bioethanol, biodiesel, bio-jet fuel, are considered as the most promising alternative and more expansive role in powering sustainable transport, for its carbon neutral and low-emissions properties.&amp;#xD; Liquid biofuels contribute 4% of transport in 2020 and have been foreseen to continuously grow. Liquid biofuels can be produced by diverse technologies and commercialized in various ways, easy-adapt to technical and policy challenges. Major challenges include technical bottleneck, initial and operational cost, byproduct treatment, and associated environmental concern. This paper critically reviews: 1) Categories and production of different liquid biofuels; 2) Application scenarios of liquid biofuels; 3) Environmental impact assessment of liquid biofuels; 4) Opportunities and challenges of liquid biofuels; 5) Future perspectives.&amp;#xD; Each type of liquid biofuel requires specific production processes and has a strong correlation with biomass raw materials. Liquid biofuels find extensive applications in transportation, aviation, and other functional domains. In addition, the life cycle assessment of liquid biofuels is carried out from the numerous aspects of raw materials, pretreatment, production process, and application. Furthermore, this study analyzes the related policies, highlighting the challenges associated with the unstable supply of clean energy, raw materials, and quality control. Finally, the future perspectives of liquid biofuels were presented. This comprehensive review aims to provide a systematic understanding of liquid biofuels, covering their production and applications from multiple perspectives, while offering insights into future developments.","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}