Progress in Energy and Combustion Science最新文献

{"title":"The chemistry of chemical recycling of solid plastic waste via pyrolysis and gasification: State-of-the-art, challenges, and future directions","authors":"Onur Dogu , Matteo Pelucchi , Ruben Van de Vijver , Paul H.M. Van Steenberge , Dagmar R. D'hooge , Alberto Cuoci , Marco Mehl , Alessio Frassoldati , Tiziano Faravelli , Kevin M. Van Geem","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemical recycling of solid plastic waste (SPW) is a paramount opportunity to reduce marine and land pollution and to enable the incorporation of the circular economy principle in today's society. In addition to more conscious behaviors and wiser product design (“design for recycling”), a key challenge is the identification of the leading recycling technologies, minimizing the global warming potential in an industrially relevant context. Chemical recycling technologies based on pyrolysis and gasification are leading the way because of their robustness and good economics, but an improved understanding of the chemistry and more innovative reactor designs are required to realize a potential reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of more than 100 million tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub>-eq., primarily by more efficient use of valuable natural resources. The feed flexibility of thermal processes supports the potential of pyrolysis and gasification, however, the strong variability in time and space of blending partners such as multiple and co-polymers, additives, and contaminants (such as inorganic materials) calls for accurate assessment through fundamental experiments and models. Such complex and variable mixtures are strongly sensitive to the process design and conditions: temperature, residence time, heating rates – severity, mixing level, heat and mass transfer strongly affect the thermal degradation of SPW and its selectivity to valuable products. A prerequisite in improving design and performance is the ability to model conversion profiles and product distributions based on accurate rate coefficients for the dominating reaction families established using first-principle derived transport and thermodynamic properties. These models should also help with the “design for recycling” strategy to increase recyclability, for example by identifying additives that make chemical recycling difficult. Fundamental experiments of increased quality (accuracy, integrity, validity, replicability, completeness) together with improved deterministic kinetic models, systematically developed according to the reaction classes and rate rules approach, provide insights to identify optimal process conditions. This will allow shedding some light upon the important pathways involved in the thermal degradation of the feedstock and the formation/disappearance of desired or unwanted products. In parallel, the intrinsic kinetics of the dominating elementary reaction steps should be determined with higher accuracy, moving beyond single step kinetics retrieved from thermogravimetric analysis experiments. Together with more accurate kinetic parameters, better models to account for heat and mass transfer limitations also need to be further developed, since plastic degradation involves at least three phases (solid, liquid, gas), whose interactions should be accounted for in a more rigorous way. Novel experimental approaches (<em>e.g.</em> detailed feedstock and product characterizati","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 100901"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100901","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2413259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances on nanofluids for low to medium temperature solar collectors: energy, exergy, economic analysis and environmental impact","authors":"Zafar Said ,&nbsp;Ahmed Amine Hachicha ,&nbsp;Sadegh Aberoumand ,&nbsp;Bashria A.A. Yousef ,&nbsp;Enas Taha Sayed ,&nbsp;Evangelos Bellos","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The efficient exploitation of solar irradiation is one of the most encouraging ways of handling numerous environmental concerns. Solar collectors are suitable devices that capture solar irradiation and convert it into thermal energy and electricity. In the last years, the nanofluids used in solar thermal systems have been studied as a useful technique for enhancing the solar collectors’ performance and establishing them as viable and highly efficient systems. The present review paper aims to summarize and discuss the most important numerical and experimental studies in nanofluid-based solar systems for application at low and medium temperature levels, while the emphasis on the fundamental physical phenomena that occur. In the first part, numerous numerical models and the principal physical phenomena affecting the heat transfer rate in the nanofluid have been analyzed. More specifically, the importance of different forces in nanofluid flows that exist in particulate flows such as drag, lift (Magnus and Saffman), Brownian, thermophoretic, Van der Waals, electrostatic double-layer forces are considered. Moreover, an overview of the thermophysical properties, physical models, heat transfer models, and evaluation criteria of nanofluids are included in this work. In the second part, which is the main part of this work, a comprehensive review is performed to gather and discuss the new advantages in the nanofluid-based solar collectors that operate at low and medium temperatures. More specifically, the examined solar systems are the flat plate collectors, the evacuated tube collectors, the direct absorption collectors, and the thermal photovoltaic systems, while the investigated applications are space-heating, space-cooling, household hot water production, desalination, industrial activities, and power generation. The aforementioned collectors and applications are the most usual in the real systems, indicating the importance of the present work. Moreover, the emphasis is given in the thermal, exergy, economic, and environmental evaluation of the studied systems, as well as in the discussion of the possible limitations of the use of nanofluids like the lack of long-term stability, the agglomeration of nanoparticles, and the increased pumping work due to the increased pressure drop. Finally, it is found that the nanofluid utilization usually enhances the collector efficiency up to 5%, while higher enhancements can be found in thermal photovoltaics. Moreover, it is concluded that there is a need to emphasize issues such as stability and the use of eco-friendly solar systems. Lastly, the field's future trends are highlighted, and a clear image of the present situation and the next steps in the field are given.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 100898"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100898","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2678991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why can't we just burn hydrogen? Challenges when changing fuels in an existing infrastructure","authors":"Howard Levinsky","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2021.100907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2021.100907","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 100907"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pecs.2021.100907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2678992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gel propellants","authors":"Manisha B. Padwal ,&nbsp;Benveniste Natan ,&nbsp;D.P. Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100885","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;The transformation of a liquid propellant into a semi-solid gel state paves way for energetically improved, reliable, safer, and possibly green futuristic propellant for rocket and ramjet propulsion. A review of the progress achieved on gel propellants so far is essential to expand the capabilities of gel propellants by adopting new avenues for research and development towards actual space flights. In keeping with this objective, we comprehensively present various aspects of gel propellants in this review. Physically, gel propellants are the fluids whose rheological properties are altered by gelling agents so that they behave as solids at rest and can be atomized and combusted like conventional liquid propellants. The current definition of the gel propellants emphasizes their ability to flow under shear and gel propellants are almost exclusively intended to function like liquid propellants. Gel propellants have a considerable history; and research and development is continuously expanding across the world. Different research groups are working on the relevant areas of this field and research has gathered momentum in the first two decades of the present century. Hundreds of studies on all the aspects of gel propulsion including formulation, &lt;/span&gt;rheological behavior&lt;span&gt;, atomization&lt;span&gt;, combustion, and applications, have appeared. Gel propellants have been applied in rocket motors&lt;span&gt;, ramjets, furnace combustion, and afterburners of jet engines. On this background, compilation and organization of the accumulated knowledge in this field, identification of relevant issues, unraveling of the links among the different areas of study, and identification of the open gaps for future study have become essential and these are the chief objectives in organizing the present review. This review encompasses the formulation, flow characterization, atomization, and combustion of gel propellants. We begin with a perspective on gel propellants and discuss the relevant aspects of conventional liquid propellants and previous efforts to improve their energetic performance. Inherent advantages of gel propellants and the challenges faced in their realization are considered. Formulation of gel propellants and their simulants is covered with emphasis on the description of different types of gelling agents and methods of their incorporation into the liquid propellants. Our emphasis is on the connection between formulation parameters and flow properties of gels. Of special significance are the recent attempts at formulating hypergolic gel propellants other than the hydrazine class. Flow properties of gels are of critical importance in tailoring their behaviors. Therefore, non-Newtonian flow properties of the gel propellants are discussed. Gels are 'complex fluids' and a number of rheological functions and measurement methods are necessary for comprehensively characterizing the complexity. Hence, we describe the rheological properties of many g","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 100885"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2678994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combustion chemistry in the twenty-first century: Developing theory-informed chemical kinetics models","authors":"James A. Miller ,&nbsp;Raghu Sivaramakrishnan ,&nbsp;Yujie Tao ,&nbsp;C. Franklin Goldsmith ,&nbsp;Michael P. Burke ,&nbsp;Ahren W. Jasper ,&nbsp;Nils Hansen ,&nbsp;Nicole J. Labbe ,&nbsp;Peter Glarborg ,&nbsp;Judit Zádor","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Over the last 20 to 25 years theoretical chemistry (particularly theoretical chemical kinetics) has played an increasingly important role in developing chemical kinetics models for combustion. Theoretical methods of obtaining rate parameters are now competitive in accuracy with experiment, particularly for small molecules. Moreover, theoretical methods can deal with conditions that experiments frequently cannot. In addition to increased accuracy, theory has rejuvenated methods and discovered phenomena that were completely unappreciated, or at least underappreciated, in the 20</span>^th century. Our primary interest here is in molecular-level issues, i.e. in calculating rate and transport parameters. However, dealing with kinetics models that involve thousands of reactions and hundreds of species is important for practical applications and is relatively new to the 21^st century. Theory, in a general sense, and theoretical methods development have a role to play here too. We discuss in this review all these topics in some detail with an emphasis on issues and methods that have emerged in the last 20 years or so. Even so, our review is selective, rather than comprehensive, out of necessity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 100886"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2678996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomaterials as fuel additives in diesel engines: A review of current state, opportunities, and challenges","authors":"Tina Kegl ,&nbsp;Anita Kovač Kralj ,&nbsp;Breda Kegl ,&nbsp;Marko Kegl","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Nanomaterials exhibit excellent properties, allowing them to act as fuel additives to improve </span>diesel engine characteristics. This review highlights the unique potentials of nanomaterials and their activities in diesel engines to achieve lower harmful </span>diesel emissions and better engine performance. The effects of nanomaterial-enriched fuels on engine characteristics and engine subsystems as well as associated opportunities, identified from laboratory test results obtained in recent years, are discussed. On the basis of two criteria, the best nanomaterial-base fuel pairs are identified from the set of the most frequently tested nanomaterials engaged as fuel additives in diesel engines. This is followed by a review of technical challenges that will need to be addressed and resolved to assure practical viability of nanomaterials acting as fuel additives. Finally, the environmental and human health risks, exposed by investigations in recent years, are reviewed. Wherever possible, potential solutions to outstanding problems are addressed and discussed briefly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 100897"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2678995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in biomass torrefaction: Principles, applications and challenges","authors":"Wei-Hsin Chen ,&nbsp;Bo-Jhih Lin ,&nbsp;Yu-Ying Lin ,&nbsp;Yen-Shih Chu ,&nbsp;Aristotle T. Ubando ,&nbsp;Pau Loke Show ,&nbsp;Hwai Chyuan Ong ,&nbsp;Jo-Shu Chang ,&nbsp;Shih-Hsin Ho ,&nbsp;Alvin B. Culaba ,&nbsp;Anélie Pétrissans ,&nbsp;Mathieu Pétrissans","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of biofuels has been considered as an important countermeasure to abate anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, suppress deteriorated atmospheric greenhouse effect, and mitigate global warming. To produce biofuels from biomass, thermochemical conversion processes are considered as the most efficient routes wherein torrefaction has the lowest global warming potential. Combustion is the easiest way to consume biomass, which can be burned alone or co-fired with coal to generate heat and power. However, solid biomass fuels are not commonly applied in the industry due to their characteristics of hygroscopic nature and high moisture content, low bulk density and calorific value, poor grindability, low compositional homogeneity, and lower resistance against biological degradation. In recently developing biomass conversion technologies, torrefaction has attracted much attention since it can effectively upgrade solid biomass and produce coal-like fuel. Torrefaction is categorized into dry and wet torrefaction; the former can further be split into non-oxidative and oxidative torrefaction. Despite numerous methods developed, non-oxidative torrefaction, normally termed torrefaction, has a higher potential for practical applications and commercialization when compared to other methods. To provide a comprehensive review of the progress in biomass torrefaction technologies, this study aims to perform an in-depth literature survey of torrefaction principles, processes, systems, and to identify a current trend in practical torrefaction development and environmental performance. Moreover, the encountered challenges and perspectives from torrefaction development are underlined. This state-of-the-art review is conducive to the production and applications of biochar for resource utilization and environmental sustainability. To date, several kinds of reactors have been developed, while there is still no obviously preferred one as they simultaneously have pros and cons. Integrating torrefaction with other processes such as co-firing, gasification, pyrolysis, and ironmaking, etc., makes it more efficient and economically feasible in contrast to using a single process. By virtue of capturing carbon dioxide during the growth stage of biomass, negative carbon emissions can even be achieved from torrefied biomass.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 100887"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100887","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2677121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcritical diffuse-interface hydrodynamics of propellants in high-pressure combustors of chemical propulsion systems","authors":"Lluís Jofre,&nbsp;Javier Urzay","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100877","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Rocket engines and high-power new generations of gas-turbine jet engines and &lt;/span&gt;diesel engines&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; oftentimes involve the injection of one or more reactants at subcritical temperatures into combustor environments at high pressures, and more particularly at pressures higher than those corresponding to the critical points of the individual components of the mixture, which typically range from 13 to 50 bars for most propellants. This class of trajectories in the thermodynamic space has been traditionally referred to as transcritical. However, the fundamental understanding of &lt;/span&gt;fuel atomization, vaporization, mixing, and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;combustion processes&lt;span&gt; at such high pressures remains elusive. In particular, whereas fuel sprays are relatively well characterized at normal pressures, analyses of dispersion of fuel in high-pressure combustors are hindered by the limited experimental diagnostics and theoretical formulations available. The description of the thermodynamics of hydrocarbon-fueled mixtures employed in chemical propulsion systems is complex and involves mixing-induced phenomena, including an elevation of the critical point whereby the coexistence region of the mixture extends up to pressures much larger than the critical pressures of the individual components. As a result, interfaces subject to surface-tension forces may persist in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;multicomponent systems&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; despite the high pressures, and may give rise to unexpected spray-like atomization dynamics that are otherwise absent in monocomponent systems above their critical point. In this article, the current understanding of this phenomenon is reviewed within the context of propulsion systems fueled by heavy hydrocarbons. Emphasis is made on analytical descriptions at mesoscopic scales&lt;span&gt; of interest for computational fluid dynamics. In particular, a set of modifications of the constitutive laws in the Navier–Stokes equations for multicomponent flows, supplemented with a high-pressure &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;equation of state and appropriate redefinitions of the &lt;/span&gt;thermodynamic potentials&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, are introduced in this work based on an extended version of the diffuse-interface theory of van der Waals. The resulting formulation involves revisited forms of the stress tensor and transport fluxes of heat and species, and enables a description of the mesoscopic &lt;/span&gt;volumetric&lt;span&gt; effects induced by transcritical interfaces consistently with the thermodynamic phase diagram of the mixture at high pressures. Applications of the theory are illustrated in canonical problems, including dodecane/nitrogen transcritical interfaces in non-isothermal systems. The results indicate that a transcritical interface is formed between the propellant streams that persists downstream of the injection orifice over distances of the same order as the characteristic thermal-entrance length of the fuel stream. The transcritical interface van","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 100877"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100877","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2678997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The current status of high temperature electrochemistry-based CO2 transport membranes and reactors for direct CO2 capture and conversion","authors":"Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Tong ,&nbsp;Kevin Huang ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Weishen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The concept of direct CO₂ capture and conversion has attracted significant interest from industries and academia in recent decades due to its potential to address the current grand challenge of global warming/climate change, rapid depletion of fossil fuels and realization of a future carbon neutral ecosystem. The incumbent benchmark technology for CO₂ capture is the post-combustion flue-gas “amine washing”, which is energy intensive and costly for large-scale commercial implementation. The CO₂<span> conversion technologies, on the other hand, are still at their infancy with many technical challenges to overcome, but primarily being explored in laboratory-scale, low-temperature, solution-based and high-temperature, solid-oxide-based electrochemical cells with renewable electricity perceived as the energy input. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview on an emergent class of high-temperature electrochemical CO</span>₂ transport membranes that can capture and convert CO₂ into valuable chemicals in single catalytic reactor fashion. The review starts with the chemistry and transport theory of three basic types of membranes purposely designed for different CO₂<span> feedstocks and downstream conversions. A range of key functional materials used in these membranes and their microstructural/electrochemical properties important to the CO</span>₂ transport are then thoroughly discussed in conjunction with the effects of surface modifications and operating conditions. Several types of combined CO₂ capture and conversion catalytic reactors based on these membranes are also assessed with a focus on their working principles, system configurations and performance demonstrations. Finally, challenges and prospective of these electrochemical CO₂ transport membranes and their associated conversion reactors are candidly discussed for future development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 100888"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100888","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2677127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What fuel properties enable higher thermal efficiency in spark-ignited engines?","authors":"James P. Szybist ,&nbsp;Stephen Busch ,&nbsp;Robert L. McCormick ,&nbsp;Josh A. Pihl ,&nbsp;Derek A. Splitter ,&nbsp;Matthew A. Ratcliff ,&nbsp;Christopher P. Kolodziej ,&nbsp;John M.E. Storey ,&nbsp;Melanie Moses-DeBusk ,&nbsp;David Vuilleumier ,&nbsp;Magnus Sjöberg ,&nbsp;C. Scott Sluder ,&nbsp;Toby Rockstroh ,&nbsp;Paul Miles","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines (Co-Optima) initiative from the US Department of Energy aims to co-develop fuels and engines in an effort to maximize energy efficiency and the utilization of renewable fuels. Many of these renewable fuel options have fuel chemistries that are different from those of petroleum-derived fuels. Because practical market fuels need to meet specific fuel-property requirements, a chemistry-agnostic approach to assessing the potential benefits of candidate fuels was developed using the Central Fuel Property Hypothesis (CFPH). The CFPH states that fuel properties are predictive of the performance of the fuel, regardless of the fuel's chemical composition. In order to use this hypothesis to assess the potential of fuel candidates to increase efficiency in spark-ignition (SI) engines, the individual contributions towards efficiency potential in an optimized engine must be quantified in a way that allows the individual fuel properties to be traded off for one another. This review article begins by providing an overview of the historical linkages between fuel properties and engine efficiency, including the two dominant pathways currently being used by vehicle manufacturers to reduce fuel consumption. Then, a thermodynamic-based assessment to quantify how six individual fuel properties can affect efficiency in SI engines is performed: research octane number, octane sensitivity, latent heat of vaporization, laminar flame speed, particulate matter index, and catalyst light-off temperature. The relative effects of each of these fuel properties is combined into a unified merit function that is capable of assessing the fuel property-based efficiency potential of fuels with conventional and unconventional compositions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 100876"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100876","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2344574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}