Progress in Energy and Combustion Science最新文献

{"title":"Low-speed pre-ignition and super-knock in boosted spark-ignition engines: A review","authors":"Kristian Rönn ,&nbsp;Andre Swarts ,&nbsp;Vickey Kalaskar ,&nbsp;Terry Alger ,&nbsp;Rupali Tripathi ,&nbsp;Juha Keskiväli ,&nbsp;Ossi Kaario ,&nbsp;Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio ,&nbsp;Rolf Reitz ,&nbsp;Martti Larmi","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The introduction of downsized, turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines in the automotive market has led to a rapid increase in research on Low-speed Pre-ignition (LSPI) and super-knock as abnormal combustion phenomena within the last decade. The former is characterized as an early ignition of the fuel–air mixture, primarily initiated by an oil–fuel droplet or detached deposit. Meanwhile, super-knock is an occasional development from pre-ignition to high intensity knocking through detonation, which is either initiated by a shock wave interacting with a propagating reaction and cylinder surfaces or inside a hotspot with a suitable heat release and reactivity gradient. The phenomenon can be divided into four stages, including LSPI precursor initiation, establishment and propagation of a pre-ignited flame, autoignition of end-gases and development to a detonation. LSPI and super-knock are rare phenomena, difficult to observe optically in engines, and differences in methodologies and setups between steady-state experiments can lead to discrepancies in results. Experimental research has included more detailed approaches using glow plug-equipped engines, constant volume combustion chambers and rapid compression machines. In addition, the improved availability of mechanisms for fuel and lubricant surrogates has allowed researchers to model the oil–fuel interaction at the cylinder walls, evaporation and autoignition of oil–fuel droplets and regimes for different propagation modes of an autoignition reaction wave. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the underlying phenomena behind LSPI and its development to super-knock. Furthermore, it presents the methodology in experimental research and draws conclusions for mitigating strategies based on studies involving fuel, oil and engine parameters. Finally, it discusses the prerequisites for LSPI from oil–fuel droplets and the future needs of research as original equipment manufacturers (OEM) and lubricant industry have already adopted some proven solutions to their products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 101064"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3137475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic thermoacoustic instabilities","authors":"Camilo F. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is accepted that the thermoacoustic behavior of a given combustion system<span><span> can be analyzed by investigating how its natural acoustic modes are perturbed by the flame dynamics. As a result, the </span>resonance frequency<span> and structure of the resulting thermoacoustic mode – understood as a perturbed acoustic mode – are slightly modified with respect to the natural acoustic mode counterpart. However, experimental evidence shows that the frequency of unstable thermoacoustic modes sometimes lies far away from the natural acoustic frequencies<span><span> of the system under study. In many cases, this frequency cannot be associated with hydrodynamic or entropy-related instabilities. In recent years, the intrinsic thermoacoustic (ITA) feedback loop has been formally recognized as the responsible mechanism in some of those situations. Theory and devoted experiments have been developed that have enormously contributed to the understanding of the particular behavior of intrinsic </span>thermoacoustic instabilities.</span></span></span></p><p><span>The present review encapsulates in a single theoretical framework the theory presented in the collection of today existing ITA papers, which spread through different cases of study regarding acoustic boundaries – anechoic, partially or fully reflecting – and geometries – duct flames, combustors<span> composed by three coaxial ducts and annular configurations. Several examples are shown that summarize the most relevant results on ITA theory to this day. This review paper also gives special attention to the categorization of ITA modes, given the fact that there is no current agreement on the definition of an ITA mode: one example in this review paper explicitly shows that the proposed categorization methods can indeed be contradictory. Of high interest is also the review of papers illustrating the coexistence of thermoacoustic modes of acoustic and ITA nature, which in turn relate to the recently discovered exceptional points in the thermoacoustic spectrum. Additionally, this paper discusses the ‘counter-intuitive’ evidence that shows that ITA modes can be destabilized when acoustic dissipative elements are added into the system. Finally, it is shown how a single-mode Galerkin expansion may be able to model some ITA eigenfrequencies. This result is suggested in some recent works and is not obvious. The practical relevance of ITA modes in industrial </span></span>combustion chambers<span> of gas turbines is also discussed together with suggestions for future studies.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 101065"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3446872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of hydrogen/rock/brine interaction: Implications for Hydrogen Geo-storage","authors":"Masoud Aslannezhad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali ,&nbsp;Azim Kalantariasl ,&nbsp;Mohammad Sayyafzadeh ,&nbsp;Zhenjiang You ,&nbsp;Stefan Iglauer ,&nbsp;Alireza Keshavarz","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen (H₂) is currently considered a clean fuel to decrease anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and will play a vital role in climate change mitigation. Nevertheless, one of the primary challenges of achieving a complete H₂ economy is the large-scale storage of H₂, which is unsafe on the surface because H₂ is highly compressible, volatile, and flammable. Hydrogen storage in geological formations could be a potential solution to this problem because of the abundance of such formations and their high storage capacities. Wettability plays a critical role in the displacement of formation water and determines the containment safety, storage capacity, and amount of trapped H₂ (or recovery factor). However, no comprehensive review article has been published explaining H₂ wettability in geological conditions. Therefore, this review focuses on the influence of various parameters, such as salinity, temperature, pressure, surface roughness, and formation type, on wettability and, consequently, H₂ storage. Significant gaps exist in the literature on understanding the effect of organic material on H₂ storage capacity. Thus, this review summarizes recent advances in rock/H₂/brine systems containing organic material in various geological reservoirs. The paper also presents influential parameters affecting H₂ storage capacity and containment safety, including liquid–gas interfacial tension, rock–fluid interfacial tension, and adsorption. The paper aims to provide the scientific community with an expert opinion to understand the challenges of H₂ storage and identify storage solutions. In addition, the essential differences between underground H₂ storage (UHS), natural gas storage, and carbon dioxide geological storage are discussed, and the direction of future research is presented. Therefore, this review promotes thorough knowledge of UHS, provides guidance on operating large-scale UHS projects, encourages climate engineers to focus more on UHS research, and provides an overview of advanced technology. This review also inspires researchers in the field of climate change to give more credit to UHS studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 101066"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1886077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorption direct air capture with CO2 utilization","authors":"L. Jiang ,&nbsp;W. Liu ,&nbsp;R.Q. Wang ,&nbsp;A. Gonzalez-Diaz ,&nbsp;M.F. Rojas-Michaga ,&nbsp;S. Michailos ,&nbsp;M. Pourkashanian ,&nbsp;X.J. Zhang ,&nbsp;C. Font-Palma","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Direct air capture (DAC) is gathering momentum since it has vast potential and high flexibility to collect CO₂ from discrete sources as “synthetic tree” when compared with current CO₂ capture technologies, e.g., amine based post-combustion capture. It is considered as one of the emerging carbon capture technologies in recent decades and remains in a prototype investigation stage with many technical challenges to be overcome. The objective of this paper is to comprehensively discuss the state-of-the-art of DAC and CO₂ utilization, note unresolved technology bottlenecks, and give investigation perspectives for commercial large-scale applications. Firstly, characteristics of physical and chemical sorbents are evaluated. Then, the representative capture processes, e.g., pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption and other ongoing absorption chemical loops, are described and compared. Methods of CO₂ conversion including synthesis of fuels and chemicals as well as biological utilization are reviewed. Finally, techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment for DAC application are summarized. Based on research achievements, future challenges of DAC and CO₂ conversion are presented, which include providing synthesis guidelines for obtaining sorbents with the desired characteristics, uncovering the mechanisms for different working processes and establishing evaluation criteria in terms of technical and economic aspects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 101069"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3137474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of reinforcement learning in planning and operation of new power system towards carbon peaking and neutrality","authors":"Fangyuan Sun, Zhiwei Wang, Jun-hui Huang, R. Diao, Yingru Zhao, Tu Lan","doi":"10.1088/2516-1083/acb987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1083/acb987","url":null,"abstract":"To mitigate global climate change and ensure a sustainable energy future, China has launched a new energy policy of achieving carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, which sets an ambitious goal of building NPS with high penetration of renewable energy. However, the strong uncertainty, nonlinearity, and intermittency of renewable generation and their power electronics-based control devices are imposing grand challenges for secure and economic planning and operation of the NPS. The performance of traditional methods and tools becomes rather limited under such phenomena. Together with high-fidelity modeling and high-performance simulation techniques, the fast development of AI technology, especially RL, provides a promising way of tackling these critical issues. This paper first provides a comprehensive overview of RL methods that interact with high-fidelity grid simulators to train effective agents for intelligent, model-free decision-making. Secondly, three important applications of RL are reviewed, including device-level control, system-level optimized control, and demand side management, with detailed modeling and procedures of solution explained. Finally, this paper discusses future research efforts for achieving the goals of full absorption of renewable energy, optimized allocation of large-scale energy resources, reliable supply of electricity, and secure and economic operation of the power grid.","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"250 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76990371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internationalism in climate action and China’s role","authors":"Danae Kyriakopoulou, L. Xia, Chunping Xie","doi":"10.1088/2516-1083/acb4d6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1083/acb4d6","url":null,"abstract":"The world is facing dual challenges of generating an economic recovery from the COVID-19 crisis, and transitioning to a low-carbon economy to tackle climate change. Strongly interrelated global challenges will require an integrated and coordinated response by all countries to manage the risk and lay the foundation for building back better. As the world’s biggest emitter and the second-largest economy, China is a very important player in international collaboration and coordination in climate action. Against this backdrop, this paper looks into the increasingly crucial role that China is playing in global climate action, especially focusing on three aspects: China’s domestic and foreign policymaking for the energy transition; its role in promoting multilateralism and international collaboration on building a sustainable world; and how it could accelerate climate action and diplomacy through research, development and innovation. In the critical decade of the 2020s, China has a great opportunity to further transform and upgrade its energy and industrial structures, promote research, development and the application of green and low-carbon technologies and intensify international climate cooperation on climate change. China should aim to be at the forefront of raising climate ambition and accelerating climate action for a sustainable and more equitable world.","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81952480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamentals of window-ejected fire plumes from under-ventilated compartment fires: Recent progresses and perspectives","authors":"Xiepeng Sun ,&nbsp;Fei Tang ,&nbsp;Kaihua Lu ,&nbsp;Fei Ren ,&nbsp;Congling Shi ,&nbsp;Bart Merci ,&nbsp;Longhua Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper intends to provide a comprehensive state-of-art review of recent progresses and to formulate perspectives on window-ejected fire plumes, originating from under-ventilated compartment fires (known as ‘Regime I’ fires). Various external boundary conditions are considered, as they contribute to the fire and plume dynamics, and as such affect decisions on fire prevention and firefighting. Hence this is an important fire combustion topic of both fundamental and practical significance. After discussing the general fundamentals, the paper focuses particularly on recent progresses on quantifying the ejected fire plume behavior: constrained by the presence of walls; at sub-atmospheric pressure (for fires at high altitudes) and under complex flow conditions caused by wind. Experiments, theoretical scaling analysis and basic models are reviewed. The key points cover systematically: the compartment fire evolution (and hence criteria for flame ejection through the window); flame interaction and merging behavior from two windows; air entrainment mechanisms and characteristic parameters (flame structure/dimensions, temperature profile and heat flux) of window-ejected fire plumes. Meanwhile, the limitations of present research and future challenges are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101039"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2622298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities and challenges in using particle circulation loops for concentrated solar power applications","authors":"Gilles Flamant ,&nbsp;Benjamin Grange ,&nbsp;John Wheeldon ,&nbsp;Frédéric Siros ,&nbsp;Benoît Valentin ,&nbsp;Françoise Bataille ,&nbsp;Huili Zhang ,&nbsp;Yimin Deng ,&nbsp;Jan Baeyens","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is an electricity generation technology that concentrates solar irradiance through heliostats onto a small area, the receiver, where a heat transfer medium, currently a fluid (HTF), is used as heat carrier towards the heat storage and power block. It has been under the spotlight for a decade as one of the potential or promising renewable and sustainable energy technologies.</p><p>Using gas/solid suspensions as heat transfer medium in CSP has been advocated for the first time in the 1980′s and this novel concept relies on its possible application throughout the full CSP plant, i.e., in heat harvesting, conveying, storage and re-use, where it offers major advantages in comparison with the common heat transfer fluids such as water/steam, thermal fluids or molten salt. Although the particle suspension has a lower heat capacity than molten salts, the particle-driven system can operate without temperature limitation (except for the maximum allowable wall temperature of the receiver tubes), and it can also operate with higher hot-cold temperature gradients. Suspension temperatures of over 800 °C can be tolerated and achieved, with additional high efficiency thermodynamic systems being applicable. The application of high temperature particulate heat carriers moreover expands the possible thermodynamic cycles from Rankine steam cycles to Brayton gas cycles and even to combined electricity generating cycles.</p><p>This review paper deals with the development of the particle-driven CSP and assesses both its background fundamentals and its energy efficiency. Among the cited systems, batch and continuous operations with particle conveying loops are discussed. A short summary of relevant particle-related properties, and their use as heat transfer medium is included. Recent pilot plant experiments have demonstrated that a novel bubbling fluidized bed concept, the upflow bubbling fluidized bed (UBFB), recently adapted to use bubble rupture promoters and called dense upflow fluidized bed (DUFB), offers a considerable potential for use in a solar power tower plant for its excellent heat transfer at moderate to high receiver capacities.</p><p>For all CSP applications with particle circulation, a major challenge remains the transfer of hot and colder particles among the different constituents of the CSP system (receiver to storage, power block and return loop to the top of the solar tower). Potential conveying modes are discussed and compared. Whereas in solar heat capture, bubbling fluidized beds, particle falling films, vortex and rotary furnaces, among others, seem appropriate, both moving beds and bubbling fluidized beds are recommended in the heat storage and re-use, and examined in the review.</p><p>Common to all CSP applications are the thermodynamic cycles in the power block, where different secondary working fluids can be used to feed the turbines. These thermodynamic cycles are discussed in detail and the current or f","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101056"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1886079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction in greenhouse gas and other emissions from ship engines: Current trends and future options","authors":"Päivi T. Aakko-Saksa ,&nbsp;Kati Lehtoranta ,&nbsp;Niina Kuittinen ,&nbsp;Anssi Järvinen ,&nbsp;Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen ,&nbsp;Kent Johnson ,&nbsp;Heejung Jung ,&nbsp;Leonidas Ntziachristos ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Gagné ,&nbsp;Chiori Takahashi ,&nbsp;Panu Karjalainen ,&nbsp;Topi Rönkkö ,&nbsp;Hilkka Timonen","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impact of ship emission reductions can be maximised by considering climate, health and environmental effects simultaneously and using solutions fitting into existing marine engines and infrastructure. Several options available enable selecting optimum solutions for different ships, routes and regions. Carbon-neutral fuels, including low-carbon and carbon-negative fuels, from biogenic or non-biogenic origin (biomass, waste, renewable hydrogen) could resemble current marine fuels (diesel-type, methane and methanol). The carbon-neutrality of fuels depends on their Well-to-Wake (WtW) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) including carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide emissions (N₂O). Additionally, non-gaseous black carbon (BC) emissions have high global warming potential (GWP). Exhaust emissions which are harmful to health or the environment need to be equally removed using emission control achieved by fuel, engine or exhaust aftertreatment technologies. Harmful emission species include nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulphur oxides (SO_x), ammonia (NH₃), formaldehyde, particle mass (PM) and number emissions (PN). Particles may carry polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals, which cause serious adverse health issues. Carbon-neutral fuels are typically sulphur-free enabling negligible SO_x emissions and efficient exhaust aftertreatment technologies, such as particle filtration. The combinations of carbon-neutral drop-in fuels and efficient emission control technologies would enable (near-)zero-emission shipping and these could be adaptable in the short- to mid-term. Substantial savings in external costs on society caused by ship emissions give arguments for regulations, policies and investments needed to support this development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101055"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1867846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical review on the synthesis, characterization, and application of highly efficient metal chalcogenide catalysts for fuel cells","authors":"Tasnim Eisa ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem ,&nbsp;Dipak A. Jadhav ,&nbsp;Hend Omar Mohamed ,&nbsp;Enas Taha Sayed ,&nbsp;Abdul Ghani Olabi ,&nbsp;Pedro Castaño ,&nbsp;Kyu-Jung Chae","doi":"10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2022.101044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The shift in the energy sector toward green resources makes fuel cells increasingly relevant as a supplier of green and sustainable energy. However, factors such as expensive catalysts, anodic poisoning, and fuel crossover reduce the lifetime and performance of the fuel cells, necessitating catalysis improvement. This review article presents the unique capabilities of metal chalcogenides (MC) as tailored catalysts, elucidating their synthesis, testing techniques, and performance evaluations. MC catalysts are matured via various physical and chemical methods to control their morphology, quantity, dimension, and size. Upon synthesis, the catalyst performance is quantified using three-electrode cells, followed by tests in fuel-cell prototypes. As anodic catalysts, MCs oxidize various fuels such as methanol, ethanol, urea, and impure H₂ at high current densities and low onset potentials, while hindering the poisoning species. As cathodic catalysts, MCs exhibit current values similar to that exhibited by their noble metal counterparts while reducing oxygen selectively in the vicinity of the fuels via four electron transfers at a wide range of potentials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":410,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 101044"},"PeriodicalIF":29.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1886078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}