{"title":"DIALECTICAL SWORDPLAY IN PLATO’S LACHES","authors":"D. Futter","doi":"10.7445/63-0-992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7445/63-0-992","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarly attempts to understand Plato’s distinction between philosophy and sophistry typically concentrate on explicit thematic discussions or on dialogues in which primary characters are well known sophists or rhetoricians. By contrast, this paper elucidates the nature of sophistical speech by means of an interpretation of Laches, a Socratic dialogue with two Athenian generals about courage. Textual argument is provided to show that one of the two primary interlocutors, Nicias, attempts to avoid refutation by means of certain dialectical defence mechanisms. The nature of these defence mechanisms is analysed and shown to imply a form of discursive self-alienation, that is, an unwillingness to say what one really thinks about virtue. Socrates’ elenchus is then interpreted as an attempt to penetrate Nicias’s dialectical defences in order to reconnect him to a pre-theoretical self-understanding from which philosophy must take root.","PeriodicalId":40864,"journal":{"name":"Akroterion-Journal for the Classics in South Africa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44595538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kleur En Kleurpersepsie: 'N Oorsig Van Moderne En Antieke Beskouinge","authors":"R. Meyer","doi":"10.7445/62-2-974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7445/62-2-974","url":null,"abstract":"Die bestudering van kleurbeskrywing in die antieke Oudheid was lank in omstredenheid gehul. Aanvanklik was hierdie ongelukkige situasie die direkte uitvloeisel van moderne opvattings en wetenskaplike bevindings waarmee kleurterminologie in die Griekse en Romeinse letterkunde ontleed en verklaar is. Aldus het wanpersepsies ontstaan, wat sommige van die antieke uitbeeldings as ‘foutief’ of ‘gebrekkig’ afgemaak het. Benewens hierdie problematiese beskouinge, fokus hierdie artikel ook op navorsing wat mettertyd ontwikkel is om ʼn sensitiewer beoordeling van die implikasies van antieke kleurterminologie daar te stel. Waar so ʼn sinvolle ontleding ontbreek, kan die moderne leser nie daarop aanspraak maak dat hy / sy die volle impak van kleurbeskrywing in die Griekse en Romeinse poesie waardeer of verstaan nie.","PeriodicalId":40864,"journal":{"name":"Akroterion-Journal for the Classics in South Africa","volume":"62 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45537529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Totius and the imagery of doom and imperial destruction","authors":"S. Sharland","doi":"10.7445/62-2-977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7445/62-2-977","url":null,"abstract":"The South African poet J D du Toit, popularly known as Totius (1877-1953), published collections of personal, religious and political poetry, inspired by the struggles of the Afrikaner people after the South African War or Second Boer War (1899-1902). Although the poet enjoyed a Classical education, firstly as a child at a German mission school, and subsequently in his Theological studies, Classical influence on Totius’ work has not been considered to date. This article investigates two poems for their possible Classical precedents. In the first, Totius considers but ultimately rejects the idea of the river Lethe as a way of forgetting his personal tragedies. In the second, he compares the disaster the Afrikaners experienced in the South African War to a roadside thorn-tree that is destroyed by a passing ox-wagon, here representing British imperialism. This may have a precedent in the destruction of the flower cut down by a plough at the edge of the meadow (Catullus 11.21-24), the political dimensions of which coincide with Totius’ anti-imperialist sentiments. Although the Biblical, Christian paradigm is dominant in Totius’ writing, this article suggests that the Classical world was an alternative source of inspiration for this poet.","PeriodicalId":40864,"journal":{"name":"Akroterion-Journal for the Classics in South Africa","volume":"62 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47749053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harry Smith, A. Wezel, Harry Smith, Benjamin Franklin
{"title":"Conceptions and Implications of a 'Civilising Mission': Roman Views of Germans, Gauls and Britons Compared with the Perception of the Xhosa by Sir Harry Smith","authors":"Harry Smith, A. Wezel, Harry Smith, Benjamin Franklin","doi":"10.7445/62-2-973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7445/62-2-973","url":null,"abstract":"Roman descriptions of remote and strange north-western peoples were fraught with images of wildness and an idea of the ‘barbaric’. Barbari was a term loaded with negative connotations, the antithesis of the concept of Roman humanitas. Descriptions of the ‘other’ by British colonials in the 19th Century Cape, such as Sir Harry Smith, differ little. Smith describes the Xhosa as a savage and barbaric people, in comparison to the seemingly superior ‘civilization’ of the British. In both situations, these stereotypical negative portrayals of an inferior or even inhuman people, served to justify a policy of conquest, domination and very often maltreatment. The question of whether or not barbarism was innate or learnt has implications for the idea of the ‘other’ as ‘convertible’ to the culture of the ‘civiliser’. Both Cicero and Smith write of barbarism as a state of society that has the potential to change, reflecting on their own societies’ progression to a supposed state of ‘civilisation’. The assumption that their own ‘civilised society’ had been the outcome of adopted behaviours provided much potential justification for cultural intervention in the society of the ‘other’.","PeriodicalId":40864,"journal":{"name":"Akroterion-Journal for the Classics in South Africa","volume":"62 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42016039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Classical Association of South Africa: Further documents 1955 – 1959","authors":"W. Henderson","doi":"10.7445/62-2-978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7445/62-2-978","url":null,"abstract":"Since the publication of the article on the Classical Association of South Africa (CASA), covering the period from 1955 to 1961,1 more documents, all from files of the CASA Executive, which were not available at the time of writing, have been added to the archive, which is kept in the School of Ancient Languages and Text Studies at North-West University. It is therefore necessary to place these documents on record in order to present a fuller account of the activities of the Association during the early years of its existence. The documents offer testimony of the dedication and enthusiasm of the early members, of how they surmounted problems of communication and travel, of the creation of international links, and of the struggle to preserve the Classical tradition. They also reveal much about the issues, attitudes and mind-set of the period.","PeriodicalId":40864,"journal":{"name":"Akroterion-Journal for the Classics in South Africa","volume":"62 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46008902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sports, entertainment, and the Classical world: Their usefulness to modern sports policy","authors":"A. Hermann","doi":"10.7445/62-2-959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7445/62-2-959","url":null,"abstract":"Doping has in recent years become a widespread issue throughout the sporting world. Despite the recent plethora of doping cases this is not a new issue, but one which may date to the ancient world including the Classical period. The problems associated with doping must be tackled in a new, more effective manner. This paper assesses positions on sports taken in the ancient world, specifically what was considered cheating or ‘doping’ — in order to determine if such approaches could be used as a remedy to eliminate / reduce modern doping. The paper will also assess whether such possible solutions could be integrated into anti-doping policy.","PeriodicalId":40864,"journal":{"name":"Akroterion-Journal for the Classics in South Africa","volume":"62 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46198592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Dialectic of Community in Plato's Republic","authors":"D. Futter","doi":"10.7445/62-2-976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7445/62-2-976","url":null,"abstract":"Some scholars maintain that there is no logical progression between the first three cities constructed in Plato’s Republic. In this paper I show that they are wrong. On the view I defend, the dialectic of Plato’s civic architecture is centred on an account of justice as geometrical equality. The first city expresses this account by assigning social roles on the basis of τέχνη. The second city disrupts the geometrical schema in order to accommodate the human desires for greatness and self-knowledge, with the third city re-establishing the geometrical pattern by means of poetic catharsis, a noble lie, and the placement of an armed camp.","PeriodicalId":40864,"journal":{"name":"Akroterion-Journal for the Classics in South Africa","volume":"62 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44867598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"St Paul's Encounter with Athenian Stoics and Epicureans","authors":"J. Atkinson","doi":"10.7445/61-1-964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7445/61-1-964","url":null,"abstract":"The account in Acts 17 is approached from an historical point of view in the context of Athens’ situation as an ‘autonomous’ city in a province of the Roman Empire. Despite the allusions to the trial of Socrates, the circumstantial evidence suggests that Paul was not formally put on trial, and if the hearing was more of a public debate then one might have expected more of a three-cornered exchange. Commentaries on Acts 17 generally focus on Christological issues reflected in Luke’s account of Paul’s encounter with Stoics and Epicureans in Athens, and naturally treat the episode as a chapter in the history of Christianity, but the aim here is to approach the episode more from an historical point of view in the context of Athens’ situation in a province of the Roman Empire.1 It is argued, if only in summary form, that Luke’s text is not meant to be taken as referring to a formal trial, especially when one allows for literary influences and Luke’s structuring of Paul’s challenges in this period in Greece.","PeriodicalId":40864,"journal":{"name":"Akroterion-Journal for the Classics in South Africa","volume":"61 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49332139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EMERALDS AND EMBASSIES IN THE ETHIOPIAN STORY OF HELIODORUS","authors":"J. Hilton","doi":"10.7445/61-1-963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7445/61-1-963","url":null,"abstract":"In The Ethiopian story of Heliodorus reference is made to a dispute between the Persians and the Ethiopians over control of the emerald mines to the south of Egypt. This disagreement leads to war between these two nations and sets the action of the plot of the novel in motion. When taken together with the similar manner in which precious stones are viewed in The Ethiopian story and in the pseudo- Orphic Lithica — a poem about the magical properties of stones dated to the fourth century of our era — the argument over possession of the mines can convincingly be placed in the context of the political and religious changes taking place at this time in Ethiopia, as documented by Epiphanius of Cyprus in his sermon On the gems. Under Constantine and his successor Constantius II embassies were exchanged with the Ethiopians, specifically with the people of Axum (who appear to have displaced the people of Meroe from power at about 350), the Blemmyes, and the Indians. The fact that embassies involving these peoples feature prominently in The Ethiopian story also provides yet more circumstantial evidence to suggest that the novel belongs to a similar fourth-century milieu to other texts from the same period, especially the anonymous Lithica and the Πeρὶ Καταρχῶν (On Beginnings) of Maximus of Ephesus.","PeriodicalId":40864,"journal":{"name":"Akroterion-Journal for the Classics in South Africa","volume":"61 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42060039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"KVSA VERTAALPRYS / CASA TRANSLATION PRIZE","authors":"Evert Pistorius","doi":"10.7445/61-1-968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7445/61-1-968","url":null,"abstract":"The CASA translation competition is sponsored annually for the best student translation from, or into, either Latin or Classical Greek.","PeriodicalId":40864,"journal":{"name":"Akroterion-Journal for the Classics in South Africa","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43015829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}