Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija最新文献

{"title":"RUSŲ KARININKIJA KASDIENINIAME IR ŠVENTINIAME XVIII A. VILNIAUS GYVENIME:\u0000TAIKAUS SUGYVENIMO REGIMYBĖ","authors":"Lina Balaišytė","doi":"10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A10","url":null,"abstract":"Life in the eighteenth century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was signified\u0000by active interference of the Russian Empire in the politics of the state. Imperial\u0000army was continuously summoned to reinforce Russian interests and to support\u0000internal feuds of the Commonwealth. Lithuanian and Polish society was forced\u0000to reconcile\u0000with the presence of foreign army in the country, whereas Russian\u0000officers sought to utilize their presence in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth\u0000in enhancing useful personal relationships and for the purposes of propaganda.\u0000The article explores the relationship between the society of the Grand Duchy of\u0000Lithuania and the Russian officers in daily life, how both sides built this coexistence,\u0000and how it was changing depending on circumstances.\u0000Analysis of sources on everyday life of Vilnius showed that daily life of its\u0000citizens was burdened by the obligation of housing and feeding the army, although\u0000in ordinarily they tried not to confront this menacing power. People wanted to\u0000earn favour of the Russian army leadership and be relieved of this duty through\u0000gifts, salutations and other signs of respect. On the other side, Russian officers\u0000depended not only on their power, they also tried to form good relationships\u0000with the high society and communities, e. g. officers visited monasteries and pass\u0000greetings during church celebrations. A pretext to assemble the nobility was a celebration\u0000dedicated to honour the rulers of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth\u0000and Russia. Russian officers also demonstrated signs of respect to the loyal high\u0000standing officials of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They also tried to earn favour\u0000of the wider public through events of mass entertainment, e. g. the carnivals were\u0000made open to the citizens from various strata. The public could be rallied to watch\u0000show exercises of the Russian army, which was a spectacle for the curious citizens\u0000from lower social strata, and for the higher level citizens it was an opportunity\u0000to strengthen ties that could ensure their future privileges. Multiple festivities\u0000organized by the Russian officers were implemented with propaganda objectives\u0000in mind. Through such spectacular and luxury events they tried to demonstrate\u0000power and their decorations usually repeated motifs of the glorification of the\u0000Court of Catherine II. Celebrations, their decorations, occasional literature were\u0000some of the tools aimed at supporting the patronage of Russia. Existing sources\u0000on everyday life do not permit speaking about the moral side of the relationship\u0000with the Russian officers. Most likely, the start of the Four-Year Sejm, when the\u0000aim to strengthen the statehood was expressed in clearer terms, collaboration with\u0000the foreign power was not considered treason and condemned.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Vilnius, Russian army, everyday life, festivities, spectacles.","PeriodicalId":407662,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115167852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOBILES PAUPERES: VILNIAUS MISIONIERIŲ ŠPITOLĖS GLOBOTINIAI XVIII A.","authors":"Martynas Jakulis","doi":"10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A2","url":null,"abstract":"In 1695, Jan Teofil Plater and his wife Aleksandra founded a hospital for six impoverished\u0000nobles in Vilnius. Situated near the newly built church of the Ascension\u0000and the convent of the Congregation of Mission in the Subocz suburb beyond\u0000the city walls, this hospital was the first and, until the end of the eighteenth century,\u0000the only charitable institution providing care for individuals of particular\u0000social status. The article, based on the hospital’s registry book and other sources,\u0000examines the quantitative, as well as qualitative characteristics of the institution’s\u0000clientele, such as its fluctuations in size, its social composition, and the causes of its\u0000inmates’ impoverishment. The research revealed that, despite the demand for care,\u0000the overseers managed to maintain a stable number of inmates, rarely admitting\u0000more than one or two persons every year, and thus ensuring a steady operation of\u0000the hospital (see table 1). However, in contrast with other charitable institutions in\u0000Vilnius, the clientele of the Congregation of Mission hospital changed frequently\u0000because of expulsions (39.6 percent of all cases) and inmates leaving the hospital\u0000on their own initiative (20.1 percent) already in the first year of their stay. The\u0000mortality of inmates (27.8 percent) affected the size and turnover of the clientele\u0000to a much lesser extent than observed in other hospitals. Although there are no\u0000reliable data on the inmates’ age and health, such statistics show that they probably\u0000were younger and healthier than the clients of other charitable institutions in Vilnius.\u0000Moreover, the Congregation of Mission hospital’s inmates differed from the\u0000clients of other institutions in respect of social composition. Impoverished petty\u0000nobles, originating mainly from the districts of Lida and Oszmiana, constituted\u0000the majority (56.25 percent) of the hospital’s inmates whose social status is noted\u0000in the registry book (62.5 percent). The nobles became clients of the Congregation\u0000of Mission hospital either because of old age, disability, as well as other accidental\u0000causes, or because of increased social vulnerability outside mutual aid networks,\u0000comprised of family members, kin or neighbours. The article argues that the\u0000foundation of a hospital designated to provide care primarily for impoverished\u0000nobles shows that the poverty of nobles was recognized by contemporaries as a\u0000social problem that should be tackled.\u0000Keywords: poverty, charity, hospital, the Congregation of Mission, Vilnius, nobles,\u0000eighteenth century.","PeriodicalId":407662,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125358580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"„MAGIŠKASIS KAMBARYS“: GYVYBINGA IR PRISITAIKANTI VAISTINĖLĖS TRADICIJA LIETUVOS\u0000BAJORŲ NAMUOSE","authors":"Marius Daraškevičius","doi":"10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A7","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the causes of emergence and spreading of a still room (Lith.\u0000vaistinėlė, Pol. apteczka), the purpose of the room, the location in the house\u0000planning structure, relations to other premises, its equipment, as well as the role\u0000of a still room in everyday culture. An examination of the case of a single room,\u0000the still room, in a noblemen’s home is also aimed at illustrating the changes in\u0000home planning in the late eighteenth – early twentieth century: how they adapted\u0000to the changing hygiene standards, perception of personal space, involvement of\u0000the manor owners in community treatment, and changes in dining and hospitality\u0000culture.\u0000\u0000Keywords: still room, household medicine cabinet, manor house, interior, sczlachta\u0000culture, education, dining culture, modernisation, Lithuania.","PeriodicalId":407662,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121387035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKONŲ SUVAŽIAVIMAI VILNIUJE 1701 M.: BANDYMAI ĮTVIRTINTI ANTISAPIEGINIO JUDĖJIMO IŠKOVOTĄ VALDŽIĄ","authors":"Gintautas Sliesoriūnas","doi":"10.33918/10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A11","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses two conventions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania republicans,\u0000aristocracy and nobility that won the power in Lithuania at the end of 1700, which\u0000took place in Vilnius in 1701. First of the conventions in Vilnius took place 0n\u0000May 2–14, 1701. The second convention in Vilnius started meetings in same year,\u0000from July 23 through to August 12, 1701. The article discusses documents that were\u0000approved in these conventions, location of the gatherings and their significance\u0000in the sequence of republican conventions in 1698–1703.\u0000The analysis is focused on the influence of the conventions in establishing a\u0000new form of republican confederate governance in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania,\u0000also assessing the international and military context of the conventions. The\u0000conventions of the republicans of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, having gathered\u0000for two meetings in Vilnius in 1701, were the most important political events\u0000in the life of Lithuanian state. In the course of these conventions the supreme\u0000Lithuanian state power of the time, the nature of which was quite special – close\u0000to confederate, decided on the most important issues, facing the new authority,\u0000established after the victory by the republicans against the Sapiehas, the aristocrats\u0000of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania who by the end of the seventeenth century had\u0000reached the status of hegemons. These conventions at the capital of Lithuania\u0000were extraordinary events that attracted key politicians of the time and some\u0000active\u0000nobility, which would not participate in great numbers but still were more\u0000actively than at other forums, such as inaugurations and sessions of the Lithuanian\u0000Tribunal. Republican conventions were initiated in 1698 and ended in 1703. Both\u00001701 conventions held their meetings in Vilnius alongside the Vilnius sessions of\u0000the Lithuanian Tribunal. First of the conventions took place at the eve of the Sejm\u0000of the Republic, and the second one soon after the Sejm, thus problems discussed\u0000in the conventions were closely related to the agenda of the Sejm of the Polish\u0000and Lithuanian state.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Grand Duchy of Lithuania, eighteenth century, Great Northern War,\u0000Lithuanian Civil War, the Sapiehas, August II, confederation, republicans, Vilnius.","PeriodicalId":407662,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133768442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TILTAI IR KELTAI KAIP XVIII AMŽIAUS VILNIAUS PAVIETO BAJORŲ TEISINIŲ GINČŲ OBJEKTAI IR\u0000NUSIKALTIMŲ ERDVĖS","authors":"Domininkas Burba","doi":"10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A14","url":null,"abstract":"Bridges and ferries, as objects of dispute and crime locations among the eighteenth\u0000century nobles of Vilnius district, is the main topic of research in this article.\u0000Case materials and auxiliary documents from the records of Vilnius district castle\u0000and land courts reveal how often bridges are mentioned in the court processes\u0000in both violent and non-violent crimes. Research explores what types of violent\u0000crimes took place on bridges or ferries most often. It also works on questions of\u0000geographic localisation and statistics, discussing general situation of bridges in\u0000Vilnius and its neighbouring areas in the eighteenth century.\u0000Bridges are regularly mentioned in the books of the eighteenth century Vilnius\u0000castle and land courts, albeit most references are not related to conflicts and\u0000bridges are mentioned as orientation marks or in reference to location of a real\u0000estate object. Both non-violent legal disputes, involving bridges as objects, and\u0000violent crimes on the bridges were not in multitude, however non-violent crimes\u0000were in smaller numbers. There were seven dispute cases about lands, properties\u0000and plots of land where bridges and ferries are mentioned. Non-violent conflicts\u0000mostly took place in rural areas of the district, four of them, and three such\u0000disputes happened in Vilnius (one on the Green Bridge and two on the bridges\u0000over the River Vilnia).\u0000Most commonly recorded violent crime on a bridge was beating and, since\u0000this was the most common type of crime perpetrated by nobles in the eighteenth\u0000century Vilnius district, this trend is logical. A bridge is once mentioned in the\u0000record about a raid. In terms of location, more crimes on the bridges took place\u0000in the rural space, although this particular space wasn’t dominant, since six crimes\u0000were reported in the province and five in the city – two in Vilnius on the Green\u0000(Stone) Bridge, two on the bridges over the River Vilnia and one on a ferry near\u0000Šnipiškės. Trends in crime locations match general crime tendencies in Vilnius\u0000district, where more crimes took place in the rural space than in the urban one.\u0000One may guess, that the rare mention of bridges partially testifies to the fact that\u0000in the eighteenth century Vilnius district level of communication was not high\u0000and there were not too many bridges. On the other hand, when assessing trends\u0000in violent crimes in Vilnius district it was revealed that bridge based crimes comprised\u0000only one percent of all crimes. Having in mind that bridge is a relatively small object, compared to several different or other urban and rural spaces, this\u0000number isn’t that small.\u0000\u0000\u0000Keywords: Vilnius district, castle court, land court, crimes, nobles, peasants, bridges,\u0000ferries, passings.","PeriodicalId":407662,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134052563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VEIKLIOS MOTERS KASDIENYBĖ: EPIZODAS IŠ IZABELĖS LIUDVIKOS BORCH-PLIATERIENĖS (1752–1813) GYVENIMO","authors":"Ramunė Šmigelskytė-stukienė","doi":"10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A5","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of empirical sources the article analyses the daily life of a noblewoman\u0000from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Izabela Ludwika Borch Platerowa\u0000(1752–1813), with a special focus on several elements of the daily life of the late\u0000eighteenth century woman of the elite: time management and daily routine, food\u0000and diet, health (illnesses and their treatment), and relationships with family\u0000members (husband, children, parents) and the near environment. The article\u0000underlines the network of communication of the duchess Platerowa in a given\u0000period, covering not only family members or the spiritual and political elite of\u0000the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Livonia but also artists residing in Warsaw,\u0000among them closest being Italian born artist and poet Antoni Albertrandy (ca.\u00001733–1795) from the court of the King Stanislaw August, and his family.\u0000Despite the micro-world of Izabela Ludwika Platerowa being framed within\u0000two socially important factors of the time, i.e. social status of a noblewoman and\u0000her gender, which would confine the field of activities of a woman to the privacy\u0000of a home-space, the ties of partnership, love and respect, linking husband and\u0000wife in the Plater family, opened wide opportunities for the creative activities of\u0000the woman. As active and educated woman of the Enlightenment, she managed\u0000to cross the frame of her home-space and dedicate large portion of her time to\u0000important public activities: editing of a special reading publication for children\u0000Przyjaciel dzieci (A Friend of Children), on which she intensely worked 6–8 hours\u0000every day.\u0000Schedule of the duchess was occupied with Masses, teaching of children and\u0000translations. Personal needs and entertainment received very little attention, only\u0000from a quarter to half an hour a day. In the period of Lent very strict fasting was\u0000observed, as well as abstinence from any entertainment, including full renouncing\u0000of music.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Izabela Ludwika Borch Platerowa (1752–1813), daily life, family, history of\u0000women.","PeriodicalId":407662,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115884305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1794 M. SUKILĖLIŲ VIEŠIEJI RENGINIAI VILNIUJE","authors":"Eduardas Brusokas","doi":"10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A9","url":null,"abstract":"A public event, whichever kind it may be – entertaining, educational, educative,\u0000and formative, strengthens and rallies individuals into community, amplifying\u0000mutual ties, shaping and engrafting common values. Such events allow each and\u0000every one to feel a part of a larger common action or undertaking.\u0000First public events after the insurgence of 1794 took place right after the\u0000capital fell under control of the rebels. In three and a half months Vilnius saw\u0000at least ten public events of the rebels. All these events could be divided into\u0000secular and religious. Seven of those event could be considered secular: solemn\u0000pronouncements of the government – 1 (announcement of the Act of Insurgence\u0000and a public oath); military parades – 2 (Vilnius Guards and armed forces of\u0000Vilnius voivodeship); commemorations – 1 (commemoration of the Constitution\u0000of 3 May 1791); public punishments (three times).\u0000Secular events by the rebels were quite closely linked to the church, since often\u0000they were concluded with some religious note, usually a mass. Speaking of religious\u0000events it is important to note that the Curia of Vilnius bishopric supported the\u0000insurgence, and commissioned clergy to attend events organized by the leadership\u0000of the insurgence, initiating such events as well. Roman Catholic Church held two\u0000solemn burials of the rebels and a one solemn mass with a procession.\u0000Most (i.e. half ) of the secular and religious events of the rebels took place in\u0000May. In the most important events, such as announcement of the Act of Insurgence\u0000or solemn burial of rebels, in addition to the crowds from all social levels members\u0000of the Council of Lithuania, clergy of all ranks, members of the Senate of Vilnius\u0000University and professors, and army officers participated as well. Members of the\u0000city magistrates are mentioned less frequently, and it might be the case that most\u0000of them also belonged to other institutions of the rebels. Smaller events were attended\u0000by representatives of all aforementioned institutions.\u0000Secular events were held under open sky – city hall square and the square of\u0000military campus, possibly not far from Pohulianka, whereas major church events\u0000took place in the Church of St Johns.\u0000\u0000Keywords: 1794 insurgence, insurgence of Tadeusz Kościuszko, public events, Church\u0000of St Johns, city hall square, Pohulianka.","PeriodicalId":407662,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128085056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ŚWIAT RZECZY JEZUITÓW W NIEŚWIEŻU I W SŁUCKU. MIĘDZY WYMOGAMI ŻYCIA AKONNEGO\u0000A TOŻSAMOŚCIĄ SZLACHECKĄ*","authors":"Andrea Mariani","doi":"10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A1","url":null,"abstract":"Viduramžių ir ankstyvųjų Naujųjų laikų vienuolynų visuomenėje daiktai įgydavo\u0000daug platesnę prasmę nei jų materialioji ar taikomoji vertė. Jie rodė priklausomybę\u0000luomui, išreiškė religinius idealus, stiprino konkrečios vienuolijos gyventojų\u0000bendrystės ir stabilumo jausmus. Jėzaus draugijos istorijai skirtoje istoriografijoje\u0000iki šiol nebuvo giliau tyrinėti klausimai, susiję su jėzuitų vienuolynų materialine\u0000kultūra ir jų ūkiu. Mokslininkų dėmesys daugiausia telktas į vienuolijų kultūrinę\u0000ir religinę veiklą, išryškinant jėzuitų indėlį Abiejų Tautų Respublikoje gyvenusių\u0000tautų kultūros, švietimo ir raštijos raidai. Tokiame kontekste jėzuitų daiktiškojo\u0000pasaulio tyrimai yra nauja tyrimų sritis, leidžianti ne tik išsamiau atskleisti vienuolijos\u0000vietą to meto visuomenėje, bet ir apčiuopti jos narių intelektualines ir\u0000dvasines formacijas.\u0000Straipsnyje analizuojamos dvi Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės provincijoje\u0000– Nesvyžiuje ir Slucke – veikusios vidutinio dydžio jėzuitų kolegijos.\u0000Remiantis šiose kolegijose XVIII a. gyvenusių vienuolių materialinės aplinkos\u0000tyrimais, siekiama nustatyti, kiek bendrame to meto Abiejų Tautų Respublikos\u0000privilegijuotųjų sluoksnių kontekste jėzuitai buvo specifinės materialinės kultūros\u0000nešėjai, kiek jų daiktiškasis pasaulis atspindėjo bendrąją bajoriškąją materialinę\u0000kultūrą ir kaip greitai Nesvyžiaus ir Slucko jėzuitų bendruomenių nariai perimdavo\u0000aštuonioliktojo šimtmečio atnešamas materialinės kultūros naujoves.\u0000Reikšminiai žodžiai: materialinė kultūra, kasdienybė, Jėzaus draugija, Nesvyžius,\u0000Sluckas.","PeriodicalId":407662,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114950720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SYTUACJA SPOŁECZNA KOWIEŃSKICH\u0000EWANGELIKÓW AUGSBURSKICH W ŚWIETLE\u0000TUMULTU Z 1765 ROKU","authors":"Anna Lepalczyk","doi":"10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A12","url":null,"abstract":"1767 m. sudarytos disidentų konfederacijos siekė sugrąžinti tikėjimo laisvę ir\u0000politines teises Abiejų Tautų Respublikoje gyvenantiems protestantams ir stačiatikiams.\u0000Protekcijos, kurias Rusija suteikė Slucko ir Torunės konfederacijų lyderiams,\u0000sudarė galimybes viešajai opinijai priminti skriaudas, kurias kitatikiai yra patyrę\u0000iš katalikiškosios daugumos pusės. Gausūs prievartos, disidentų patirtos Lietuvos\u0000Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės teritorijoje, pavyzdžiai buvo pateikti Slucko konfederacijos\u0000manifeste. Vienas tokių pavyzdžių buvo sąmyšis Kaune, įvykęs 1765 m.\u0000balandžio 20 d. Katalikiškosios daugumos prievartos aukomis tąkart tapo Kauno\u0000liuteronai, dalyvavę gedulingose laidotuvių apeigose. Procesijos dalyvius užpuolė\u0000minia, vadovaujama Šv. Petro ir Pauliaus bažnyčios kunigo. Sumaišties metu nukentėjo\u0000pastorius Johanas Wilhelmas Andrea bei velionio Johano Woltzo kūnas,\u0000kuris buvo išmestas ant grindinio. Šis įvykis, kaip atskleidžiama tyrime, nebuvo\u0000vien religinės nesantaikos išraiška. Pagrindinė susidūrimo priežastis buvo ginčas\u0000dėl nesumokėtų nuomos mokesčių, dėl kurių evangelikai prarado savo mokyklą.\u0000Nors sąmyšio byla buvo nagrinėjama Vilniaus pilies teisme, finalą ji pasiekė tik\u0000miesto tarybos sesijoje, kurioje buvo sudaryta taikos sutartis tarp abiejų konfesijų.\u0000Įvykio aplinkybės ir teisminis jų nagrinėjimas leidžia giliau pažinti Kauno\u0000evangelikų liuteronų gyvenimą paskutiniaisiais Augusto III valdymo metais ir Stanislovo\u0000Augusto epochos pradžioje. Nors tai buvo negausi socialinė grupė, ji turėjo\u0000stiprias pozicijas mieste, ką liudija liuteronų užimamos pareigos Kauno miesto\u0000taryboje. Tačiau liuteronai buvo pernelyg silpni visiškam saugumui užsitikrinti.\u0000Kauno sąmyšio tarp katalikų ir liuteronų baigtis rodo, kad interesų bendrumas\u0000XVIII a. Kauno miestiečiams buvo svarbesnis nei tikybiniai skirtumai.\u0000\u0000Reikšminiai žodžiai: Kaunas, liuteronai, religinis sąmyšis, Slucko konfederacija.","PeriodicalId":407662,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116100952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODERNIZACJA WYMIARU SPRAWIEDLIWOŚCI. REFORMY SĄDU KOMISJI SKARBU WIELKIEGO KSIĘSTWA LITEWSKIEGO (1765–1791)","authors":"P. Pilarczyk","doi":"10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/XVIIIASTUDIJOS/T.4/A13","url":null,"abstract":"1764 m. įsteigta Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės iždo komisija sujungė iki\u0000tol Lietuvos didžiajam iždininkiui priklausiusias administracines funkcijas ir\u0000teismines Iždo tribunolo, veikusio kaip sudėtinė Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės\u0000Vyriausiojo Tribunolo dalis, kompetencijas. Teismines ir administracines\u0000funkcijas buvo siekiama kuo labiau vieną nuo kitos atskirti. Iždo komisija kaip\u0000teisminė valdžia nuosprendžius skelbdavo Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės\u0000iždo komisijos teismo vardu. Šio teismo veiklos pradžia laikytina 1765 m. liepos\u00001 d., kada teisme buvo nagrinėta pirmoji byla, o pabaiga – 1791 m., kai buvo priimti\u0000paskutinieji nuosprendžiai prieš Lietuvos komisijai susijungiant su Karūnos\u0000komisija į bendrą Abiejų Tautų iždo komisiją.\u0000Teismo galių suteikimas naujai įsteigtai institucijai – Iždo komisijai – buvo\u0000akivaizdus ankstesnėje epochoje subrandintų idėjų įgyvendinimo pavyzdys,\u0000o kartu lūžis teismo sistemoje, ir ne tik organizacine prasme. Reformos metu buvo\u0000išplėstas Iždo komisijos teisme nagrinėjamų bylų laukas, o tai leido šį teismą laikyti\u0000komercinių bylų teismu. Iždo komisijos teismo institucijos atsiradimas laužė luominio\u0000teisingumo įgyvendinimo nuostatas, tačiau net ir įsteigus šį teismą nebuvo\u0000priimti nauji, materialinę teisę reguliuojantys įstatymai, turėję tapti pagrindu teismo\u0000sprendimams priimti. Vis dėlto teisminių funkcijų suteikimas Iždo komisijai\u0000supaprastino patį teismo procesą. Iždo komisijos teismas daugeliu aspektų buvo\u0000panašus į kitas to meto Abiejų Tautų Respublikos teismines institucijas ir perėmė\u0000dalį šių institucijų trūkumų. Vienas tokių trūkumų buvo veiklos kadencijos.\u0000Teismo kadencijos kartu su kitu organizacinio pobūdžio trūkumu – sprendimui\u0000priimti būtino komisarų kvorumo problema – lėmė, kad teismo dekreto (sprendimo)\u0000priėmimo šalims tekdavo laukti pernelyg ilgai.\u00001765 m. įvestas teismų modelis buvo keletą kartų reformuojamas. Abiejų Tautų\u0000Respublikos seimuose priimti Iždo komisijos veiklą reglamentavę įstatymai, kaip\u0000antai 1784 m. reforma, turėjo įtakos ir teismo veiklos praktikai. Pati Iždo komisija\u0000pagal savo išgales taip pat ėmėsi gerinti teisminę veiklą: buvo priimami papildomi\u0000darbuotojai, siekta disciplinuoti tiek teisme dalyvaujančias šalis, tiek ir visą palestrą.\u0000\u0000Reikšminiai žodžiai: justicijos reforma, iždo teismas, Lietuvos Didžiosios\u0000Kunigaikštystės iždo komisija.","PeriodicalId":407662,"journal":{"name":"Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124085810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}