2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)最新文献

{"title":"Role of Aviation in Seamless End-to-End Mobility","authors":"Sarasina Tuchen","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569516","url":null,"abstract":"As end consumers are becoming the source of information, providing their location, plans, and preferences, they are inviting services that tailor to their needs, on demand. Mobility is one such service that is witnessing transformation towards an end user orientation, aiming for a seamless journey, from end to end, that crosses the boundaries between modes of transportation and transaction. In this paper, we focus on the role of aviation in the inter-modal end-to-end journey. In particular, we focus on a key enabler - a system wide information management system (SWIM) that is key to sharing data between the different modes of transportation, their systems, stakeholders and users. We assess the role of aviation in inter-modal mobility in two respects: (1) Aviation as a segment in an inter-modal journey. Air transportation is inter-modal since, as aircraft carry passengers from gate to gate, other modes of transportation are necessary to complete the journey between the gates and the end points of the trip. We will discuss the impact of connectivity and end user orientation on this traditional air transportation model. (2) Aviation serving end-to-end markets. As most inter-modal efforts have focused on urban mobility, where multiple modes of transportation compete and complement each other, aviation remained largely foreign to this integration. This is likely to change with the advent of urban air mobility (UAM), which promises to compete with other modes of transportation in the urban environment. This transformation will require end-to-end, user-oriented air travel models, unlike the traditional gate-to-gate models. We will expand on extending SWIM adopted for aviation to other modes of mobility as a core enabler for real-time data sharing across modalities, networks, and seamless mobility. SWIM has been a successful Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) technology for increasing information sharing among the stakeholders of the national airspace system (NAS). It enabled connecting the aircraft, the airline operators, and the service providers to increase collaborative and distributed decision making (CDM). Expanding such a technology to connect with and among the other modes of mobility and with passengers, will be key for enabling seamless mobility. “SWIM consists of standards, infrastructure, and governance that enable the management of air traffic management (ATM)-related information and how it is exchanged between users”. This is an important concept as we start to exchange data between the airlines and add new entrants into the NAS such as unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and UAM and share information with other transportation networks. For example, exchanging data with the airlines through SWIM collaborative decision making (CDM) enabled automated sequencing and scheduling of flights. Moreover, this platform has enabled creating better prediction algorithms and helps air traffic controllers manage workload. The paper will identi","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133323507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airspace Risk Management for UAVs A Framework for Optimising Detector Performance Standards and Airspace Traffic using JARUS SORA","authors":"Terrence L. Martin, Z. Huang, A. Mcfadyen","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569542","url":null,"abstract":"The Joint Authority for Rulemaking on UAS (JARUS) recently released a process for managing air and ground risk for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operations: the Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA) [1]. This paper focuses on the air risk element, where the challenge of balancing equipment performance for detect and avoid functions against the likelihood they will be needed (encounter rates) is further complicated by safety and costs implications. To date, attempts to achieve this balance have largely been conducted using qualitative measures. The problem with this approach is that it risks superimposing unnecessary cost burdens on industry without transparent evidence it is delivering the perceived safety benefit, or conversely, the process results in under-estimates for encounter rates with inadequate performance standards stipulated. To address this issue, we introduce a Bayesian framework that explicitly links encounter rate exposure, detection performance, cost and safety. We then detail how the framework can be deployed to appropriately match airspace characteristics with suitable equipment performance levels, whilst optimising safety and cost. As part of our testing regime, we identified that a mis-representation of actual traffic encounter rates creates compounding implications for detector performance standards and safety. Accordingly, we incorporate our efforts to characterise a region of Australian airspace, and contrast it with a the qualitative characterisation methods employed within the SORA.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134445135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Flight Efficiency Key Performance Indicators to support Air Traffic Analytics: Assessment of European flight efficiency using ADS-B data","authors":"Javier López Leonés, Manuel Polaina Morales, L. D'Alto, Pablo Sánchez Escalonilla, Damiàn Ferrer Herrer, Marcos Sanz Bravo, Fernando Celorrio Cámara, Ángel Martìnez Mateo, Brian Mac Namee, Shen Wang, Aditya Grover, Philip Plantholt","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569584","url":null,"abstract":"Flight efficiency is of great concern in the Air Traffic Management (ATM) community since today's ATM inefficiencies affect both airspace users (AUs) and Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs). Each actor has their own vision of flight efficiency: whereas airlines are concerned mainly with aspects that impact their business strategy (fuel consumption, schedule adherence and cost), ANSPs consider other aspects such as sector capacity, Air Traffic Controller (ATC) interventions, emissions and noise. Capturing both visions in new Key Performance Indicators (KPls) is important to take new steps towards more sustainable air traffic operations. The current standard KPI used to measure flight efficiency is the “horizontal flight efficiency”, which measures the horizontal excess enroute distance compared to the orthodromic distance. This view of efficiency is very limited since it doesn't take into account other sources of inefficiencies, namely meteorological conditions or the vertical profile of the flight, that have a big impact on the AUs operational objectives. Therefore, advanced metrics are being developed to include these objectives in the assessment of efficiency and to analyse how the inefficiencies are distributed among them, as well as new methodologies to calculate these advanced KPls in real time. This paper presents a consolidated set of advanced user-centric cost-based efficiency and equity indicators which address different aspects of efficiency such as the horizontal and vertical component, fuel consumption or cost of the flight, thus introducing the airspace user's viewpoint into consideration. Also, the methodology followed for the calculation of the indicators, based on historical data and in real time, is demonstrated. For the evaluation of the indicators, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data and a set of user-preferred trajectories (including flight plan, optimal cost and optimal distance) as reference are used. Finally, a flight efficiency and equity assessment of the European traffic flow for three different scenarios is presented, where two whole days of air traffic in the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) area were used for the efficiency indicators, and one month of traffic for specific city pairs was used for the equity indicators. This proves the added value of these newly introduced indicators, showing that different indicators account for different sources of inefficiencies, and that the use of ADS-B data could serve as a reliable source for performance monitoring. Centro de Referencia l+D+i ATM (CRIDA), Boeing Research & Technology Europe (BR&TE), Centre for Applied Data Analytics (CeADAR) and Flightradar24 (FR24) joined together, with the expert assessment of Iberia, Air Europa, KLM and Turkish Airlines as members of the AURORA's Airspace Users Group, to conduct this research under the AURORA project (Grant 699340) supported by SESAR Joint Undertaking under European Union's Horizon 2020 resea","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"383 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114014785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Flexible Swarm Intelligence Algorithm for Resilient Autonomous Systems","authors":"J. Clifford, Massood Towhidnejad, J. Neighbors, E. Verenich, G. Staskevich","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569720","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an update to our ongoing Resilient Autonomous Systems (RAS) project that is being conducted at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and is supported by the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL). The objective of the RAS project is to develop a distributed multi-layer autonomous UAS planning and control technology for gathering intelligence in Anti-Access Area Denial (A2/AD) environments populated by intelligent adaptive adversaries. These resilient autonomous systems are able to navigate through hostile environments while collecting intelligence and minimizing the loss of assets. Our approach incorporates artificial life concepts, with the high-level architecture divided into three biologically inspired meta-layers: cyber-physical, reactive, and deliberative. Each meta-layer is a combination of N layers, each representing simple behavior, and collectively having a dynamic level of influence over the behavior of the agent. Algorithms within each layer act on a combination of perceptions, memory, and intents. Perceptions represent a filtered view of reality, abstracted in the layer immediately below, modified in the current layer, and passed to the next highest layer. Intents represent a recommended action output from the layer above, modified in the current layer, and passed to the next lowest layer. Each cycle, perceptions and intents are cleared. Memory permeates each layer, and allows the layers to retain some knowledge from previous cycles. Fast-reactive control systems in low meta-layers ensure a stable environment supporting cognitive function on higher meta-layers. The key concepts of our approach are: A layered architecture of intelligence on a spectrum from reactive to deliberative; the use of artificial life algorithms providing robust, complex behavior from a set of simple rules; communication of information between agents via observation; the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) to assist the team in selecting and adapting the best solutions for each layer. This distributed cooperative system of intelligent assets will provide adaptable, scalable performance to accomplish mission goals in challenging environments.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115628169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Efficient Precoder Structure for Dual Satellite Systems for Ubiquitous Communication","authors":"Rajendra Prasad Sirigina, A. Madhukumar, Mark D. J. Bowyer","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569504","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple spot beams based dual satellite system with full frequency reuse across all spot beams is considered in this work. Both satellites transmit on same frequency to improve the spectrum utilization efficiency. Cooperative Zero Forcing (ZF) and cooperative regularized ZF precoding algorithms are investigated. If the users served by both satellites are closely placed, then it is shown that the proposed cooperative precoding fails due to the ill conditioned channels. Otherwise, the proposed DSS is shown to achieve better sum-rate than orthogonal transmission scheme, where both full frequency reuse based multiple spot beam satellites transmit on different frequency bands.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114358866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Well Clear: Conflict Prediction and Alerting in the Terminal Environment","authors":"E. Theunissen, Fabrice Kunzi, Brandon Suarez","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569868","url":null,"abstract":"The current Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for Detect and Avoid systems in the US are for aircraft transitioning to and from Class A or special use airspace, traversing Class D, E, and G airspace. Current standardization activities are evaluating how to expand the MOPS to include the terminal area as well as Class C and B airspace. A key concept for the MOPS is the hazard space, which is quantified using the Well Clear definition. For effective alerting and guidance in the terminal area the size of the hazard space must be reevaluated. This paper discusses two adjustments to the hazard zone definition that improve the alerting and guidance performance of DAA systems in the terminal environment. The first enhancement is intended to provide the pilot with improved information on the expected impact of intruders turning onto baseleg. The second enhancement is intended to prevent the DAA system from providing horizontal guidance that results in a loss of separation with terrain. The proposed enhancements require the addition of an airport database with runway threshold coordinates and a digital terrain elevation database. To evaluate integration aspects and expected performance, both enhancements have been added to CPDS, a DAA display, guidance and alerting system. Simulation has been used to test the resulting implementation and evaluate different configurations. Further analysis and evaluation is required to substantiate a more refined selection of the values for these key design parameters.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115286025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Risks and Benefits of Context-Adaptive Augmented Reality for Aerodrome Control Towers","authors":"H. Gürlük, O. Gluchshenko, M. Finke, L. Christoffels, Lukas Tyburzy","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569859","url":null,"abstract":"The technical evolution of augmented reality devices such as the Microsoft HoloLens opened up completely new opportunities to air traffic management, particularly within the aerodrome control environment. Augmented reality can support air traffic controllers (ATCOs) in collecting and processing all information needed for an efficient and orderly guidance of air traffic, thus providing safety benefits. Within the project ‘Adaptive Controller Support Components' (AdCoSCo) the German Aerospace Center (DLR) investigates this new approach and tries to maximize its advantages by combining augmented reality with a context-adaptive system design. Apart from other expected benefits this is thought to effectively improve human performance in terms of reduced workload and increased situation awareness. More specifically, operationally relevant information is presented to the ATCO exactly when it is needed. Within the present study a storyboard approach was applied to assess the benefits and risks of an adaptive system design. This method was applied for the first time on context-adaptive augmented reality in a tower simulator environment. Six aerodrome controllers passed through this storyboard assessment, giving ratings regarding several preselected criteria. As an outcome, this investigation confirms that the highest benefits were seen in terms of improved situation awareness. It also showed that the highest risks were related to over-trust and complacency. A detailed assessment of specific adaptations is also presented within this paper.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124471231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Datalink System Maturation and Flight Testing of the Sagitta UAS Demonstrator","authors":"A. Zeitler, A. Schwierz, Sebastian Hiergeist","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569693","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the maturation of the datalink system of the Sagitta Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) demonstrator. Based on the development of the communication system incorporating three different datalinks and backup functionalities the test concept is described. The tests are aligned with the system breakdown and split up into different levels. Basic testing of subsystems on a bench or in a Rig environment aims to verify the requirements at the lowest possible part. Herein the different nature of bought and self-developed components puts different demands on the nature of tests. Range tests using free space transmission including carry flight tests verify the radiation characteristics of the datalinks, whereas further ground and flight tests see the datalinks installed and tested within the aircraft including all the interfaces and ground test equipment. Ultimately the first flight campaign is the verification of the datalinks in their installed and final configuration and intended environment. Results of these flights are described and compared to previously performed ground and flight testing and the achievable ranges for the designed datalink system are derived. The paper concludes with a summary that compares initial design decisions with the performance of final system and describes the main aspects and benefits of the datalink system testing.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123604206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concepts for a Condition-Based Attention Control on Helicopter Navigation Displays","authors":"Sven Bollmann, P. Frost, T. Feuerle, P. Hecker","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569618","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent a considerable reduction of information on helicopter navigation displays increases situational awareness during helicopter missions by directing the pilot's attention to the relevant information only. To accomplish this, the prototype of a lean navigation display was developed containing a terrain warning and a wind situation display as its primary features. A detailed description of the system as well as the results of the evaluation and their assessment will be part of this paper. Finally, the design of a real world HEMS (Helicopter Emergency Medical Services) scenario in the Swiss Alps and a landing scenario on the research platform FINO1, located in the North Sea, will be outlined. These scenarios will later be flown by professional helicopter pilots in a flight simulator.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126017275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors for Pilot's Decision Making Process to Avoid Severe Weather during Enroute and Approach","authors":"M. Temme, Charlotte Tienes","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569357","url":null,"abstract":"In some regions of the world, severe weather conditions such as convection cells are one of the biggest challenges in commercial aviation. This phenomenon, also commonly known as thundercloud, is a main safety risk and can require circumnavigation, disrupting air traffic flow, increasing delays, and lowering cost-efficiency. Consequently, Air Traffic Management (ATM) requires innovative solutions for avoiding severe weather during flight. The process of circumnavigation can be improved by implementing computer-based controller and pilot support systems. Since the diversion should be designed in a way that pilots and controllers would choose their routes accordingly to their training and experience, calculating it poses a particular challenge. In the paper, we examined the pilot's decision-making process when encountering extreme weather conditions on the planned trajectory. The aim of the description is to gain an understanding of the process by describing relevant factors, as well as the pilot's interaction and prioritization of the tasks. The research's findings indicate that the decision on how to avoid convective weather is based on a variety of individual, interpersonal, and environmental factors.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129428403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}