2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)最新文献

{"title":"User-centered Integration of Automated Air Mobility into Urban Transportation Networks","authors":"T. Otte, N. Metzner, Johannes Lipp, M. S. Schwienhorst, A. F. Solvay, Tobias Meisen","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569820","url":null,"abstract":"The existing ground-based transportation network (e.g., rails, streets) has natural limits that are pre-determined by the constellation of the system itself. If these limits are reached or exceeded, the system will no longer be able to manage the existing traffic volume. In order to avoid this situation, different actions can be undertaken such as expanding the network or increasing it's efficiency. Another possible action is the exploitation of a further (third) dimension for locomotion for decoupling from the systematical limits of the existing, ground-based structures. This work addresses a currently upcoming topic: the automated air mobility. Bringing such mobility offers to reality requires work in different fields. Among others, these are especially the integration of the mobility offer into the existing transport infrastructure as well as the integration of a human user into the automated aircraft. The paper contributes to both of these fields. Initially, we analyse requirements on urban airfields and examine existing as well as possible future urban airfields. Secondly, we take a closer look at the interaction of human users and automated aircraft building on knowledge and experiences from human-computer interaction in autonomous cars. This foundation is supplemented by aspects that emerge in the field of air traffic (e.g., required off-board coordination with the air traffic management). Finally, on this basis, we develop a proposal for the human-machine-interaction in automated aircraft.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"76 31","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120884852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Precision Positioning for Searching Airborne Black Boxes Underwater Based on Acoustic Orbital Angular Momentum","authors":"Mengyuan Zhu, Yufei Zhao, Chao Zhang, Yin-Xing Piao","doi":"10.1109/dasc.2018.8569848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2018.8569848","url":null,"abstract":"The search for flight data recorders (“black boxes”) is a worldwide problem when the plane falls into the sea after air crash. The underwater locator beacon built in the black box is an active-passive composite sonar, which can help locator in the Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) detect the approximate distance between the black box and the detection point by underwater communication. However, it is hard to give the exact azimuth of black box, which has brought great difficulties for searching. To solve this problem, a new underwater black box search system is proposed. It can narrow the searching range to hundreds of meters area. Besides, to further improve the positioning accuracy of the near range searching, angle detection based on acoustic Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) is introduced into the system for azimuth measurement. The whole underwater black box search system includes 4 parts, namely the shipborne data processing and control center, UUV, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reference stations and GNSS intelligent buoys. They form an efficient search network entirely, which can determine the approximate area where the black boxes falls. Under this framework, the acoustic OAM is introduced for azimuth direction measurement of the black box. The traditional black box positioning results and acoustic OAM angle measurement information can be integrated based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) method. Simulation results have shown great perspectives of this positioning system. Compared with the positioning results of the existing black box, which can only get the distance information by the pulse signal, the use of acoustic OAM angle measurement information reduces the positioning error of the black box by more than one order of magnitude. It greatly improves the positioning accuracy of the black box and reduces the search cost underwater in the deep sea.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126807266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Flow Guard for Aircraft Intra-Domain Secure Communication","authors":"Lingqiao Nan, M. Waheed, Jiusheng Yin","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569887","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in networking technology is revolutionizing air transportation by facilitating maintenance activities, enabling data analytics for improved performance and fleet management, and by providing connectivity and entertainment for passengers. On the other hand, passenger access and available external interfaces make the aircraft vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks during flight and while on the ground. The cyber threats have the potential to impede aircraft flight safety. Security risks to avionics applications can be managed with layered security that includes an Aircraft Interface Device. An Aircraft Interface Device for secure communication with avionics applications is presented.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127998111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating a European ATM Security System Architecture","authors":"M. Finke, P. de Waard, Pietro Recchilongo, Raoul Lahaije, Ulrike Baumann","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569498","url":null,"abstract":"The awareness about security threats and vulnerabilities in Air Traffic Management (ATM) has been steadily growing over the last years. The number of recent security research projects shows that the effort taken to close these vulnerabilities and to make air traffic more robust against security attacks is increasing in the same way. As Air Traffic Management is often done across national borders, related security incidents could affect several air navigation service providers and stakeholders in different nations at the same time. A quick and efficient exchange of security-relevant information as well as a multi-national level of security management is needed. In the frame of the Global ATM Security Management Project (GAMMA), several prototypic security systems were developed and designed as part of a European security management system architecture. This concept foresees a local, a national and a European level of security management while essential information is shared between those levels. In order to validate this approach, several real-time human-in-the-Ioop simulations were conducted in the first half of 2017. Both, the connected security systems and also the validation environment were set up in a geo-distributed way across Europe integrating different components from several project partners. During these trials, special attention was payed to information exchange and transmission times, the performance of automatic correlation as well as the role of human operators embedded in this system of systems. The trials showed that - even in a geo-distributed setup - information can be exchanged and countermeasures can be initiated in less than 2 minutes through the different levels of security management. This paper provides information about the experimental setup and conduction of the GAMMA project's third geo-distributed validation exercise. It illustrates selected results as well as provides a discussion and an outlook.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127527158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Data-Driven Fuel Consumption Estimation Model for Airspace Redesign Analysis","authors":"Ning Hong, Lishuai Li","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569564","url":null,"abstract":"A novel data-driven model for fast assessment of terminal airspace redesigns regarding system-level fuel burn is proposed in this paper. When given a terminal airspace design, the fuel consumption model calculates the fleet-wide fuel burn based on the departure/arrival profiles as specified in the design. Then, different airspace designs can be compared and optimized regarding their impact on fuel burn. The fuel consumption model is developed based on the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN). The model is trained and evaluated using Digital Flight Data Recorder (FDR) data from real operations. We demonstrate the proposed MLPNN method via a case study of Hong Kong airspace and compare its performance with two other regression methods, the robust linear regression (the least median of squares, LMS) method and the r-Insensitive support vector regression (SVR) method. Cross-validation results indicate that the MLPNN performs better than the other two regression methods, with a prediction accuracy of 96.02% on average. Finally, we use the proposed model to estimate the potential fuel burn savings on three standard arrival procedures in Hong Kong airspace. The results show that the proposed model is an effective tool to support fast evaluation of airspace designs focusing on fuel burn.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128967858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolving a Dilemma: Guarantee Conflict-free 4-D Trajectories While Leaving Autonomy to Airlines","authors":"Minghui Sun, Xiyuan Get, C. Fleming","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569874","url":null,"abstract":"Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) and 4-D trajectory (4DT), i.e. latitude, longitude, altitude and time, are core concepts in Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Assuring safety of TBO involves ensuring there are no conflicts between multiple 4DT trajectories. If the complete position profile (i.e. latitude, altitude and longitude for all time) is prescribed and perfectly followed, it is straightfoward to tell whether there would be conflicts by simply comparing all 4DTs, for all time. However, because a complete position profile implies a fully specified speed profile, making pilots conform to a fully specified speed profile for the entire flight will require even more workload for Air Traffic Controller (ATC) and leave less autonomy for airlines than current spacing-based operation, which is unlikely to be welcomed by the industry. Trajectory based concepts thus encounter a tradeoff: how much autonomy over speed should be assigned to airlines to ensure conflict-free trajectories while simulaneously reducing ATC workload? This paper aims to answer this question by conducting a safety analysis on a simple but fundamental leader-follower example. 33 scenarios are created based on different combinations of initial conditions, scheduled timings, and positions. It is found out that one scenario is guaranteed unsafe, 15 scenarios are guaranteed safe, 16 scenarios are safe in certain conditions and one scenario requires a full speed profile to guarantee safety. The analysis results show that, with certain structure prescribed to the 4DT trajectory, it is realistic enough to ensure conflict-free trajectories and assign full autonomy over speed to pilots. Potential application of the results to a speed advisory system for both strategic and tactical trajectory planning is also discussed in the end.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122207032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fault Tolerant Software Defined Networking Architecture for Integrated Modular Avionics","authors":"S. Cevher, Ali Mumcu, A. Caglan, E. Kurt, M. Peker, I. Hokelek, Sedat Altun","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569681","url":null,"abstract":"The next generation aircrafts rely on the Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) concept with the objective to fulfill the challenging requirements through enabling dynamic resource sharing among the avionics systems. Deterministic Networking (DetNet) is a key technology to provide transmission of time sensitive digital information among IMA sub-systems by obeying their strict timing requirements. As an important feature, DetNet should have a reconfiguration capability to retain the deterministic communication among interconnected systems in case of network failures. In traditional DetNet solutions, the communication reliability between two end systems is maintained by transmitting duplicate data frames over two disjoint paths, one of which will be discarded by the destination end system. This redundant architecture ensures the seamless delivery of data frames even if one of the redundant paths becomes disconnected; however, a subsequent failure on the remaining path breaks down the communication between the corresponding end systems. The centralized architecture of Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm simplifies the reconfiguration of the network infrastructure with respect to time varying network conditions and communication needs. The SDN technology can be an effective tool to achieve the determinism objectives of next generation IMA based avionics networks thanks to its reconfiguration capability and the built-in traffic policing mechanism provided in its recent versions. In this paper, we propose an SDN based architecture for fast failure protection in next generation avionics communication networks. The proposed architecture combines SDN and Loop Free Alternates (LFA) technologies to significantly enhance the existing redundancy based failure management techniques by dynamically replacing whichever of the redundant paths fails with an alternative one. This is a major enhancement since the communication will continue even if there are multiple subsequent failures in the network. LFA is an IP Fast Reroute (IPFRR) mechanism which was standardized by IETF to provide a fast loop-free convergence after a network failure by rerouting the disrupted traffic to pre-configured alternate paths. Our approach computes two redundant paths to transfer a data flow between two end systems, and relies on the LFA technology to protect each link on these redundant paths against network failures. The preliminary experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach yields considerably lower failure recovery times to maintain the redundancy among communication paths. We will also present a video streaming demonstration using COTS computers and two FPGA development platforms to facilitate the discussion about how the proposed SDN-based DetNet technology can be implemented on top of this infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116650202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System Autonomy for Space Traffic Management","authors":"S. Nag, D. Murakami, Miles T. Lifson, P. Kopardekar","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569343","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an initial architecture for a Space Traffic Management (STM) system, based on open Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) and drawing on previous work by NASA to develop an architecture for low-altitude Unmanned Aerial System Traffic Management (UTM). The authors explore how autonomy could be used to enhance an STM system, and how constraints inherent in STM complicate and challenge certain applications of autonomy. We conceptually explore how autonomy could be used within an STM architecture, with multiple non-authoritative catalogs of resident space objects, and to determine which of two spacecraft moves to prevent an impending conjunction between them. NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) is developing a software research environment for STM, along with a physical laboratory and visualization space. We invite STM stakeholders to collaborate in our infrastructure, to help inform the design of the proposed STM architecture, and to participate in the refinement and validation of its concept of operations using the software research platform,","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"5 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116819333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Measurement Methods for Attitude Determination of Unmanned Aerial Systems","authors":"P. Paces, Wen-Kai Yu, J. Klesa","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569298","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with a concept of attitude and position determination of ultra-small airplanes. We aim on evaluation of airfoil characteristics for very low Reynolds numbers. The work is significant for airplane performance evaluation especially with application of swarms of UAVs being released from bigger airplanes. We use a time-of-flight camera to determine the position and orientation of an ultra-small airplane. In the article, we evaluate multiple optical measurement methods, the principle of the airplane performance evaluation from the flight data and precision of this method using a time-of-flight camera.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128462196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wake Vortex Hazards in En-Route Airspace and Suspected Hazard Area Identification Using High Fidelity Simulation Models","authors":"Marc Melgosa, S. Ruiz, J. Busto, M. Steen, Jose I. Rojas, X. Prats","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569506","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a discussion about risks and hazards of potential wake vortex encounters in the en-route airspace. High-fidelity simulations under realistic conditions have been analysed showing that the current en-route separation standards may be overconservative in some cases -thus enabling a potential reduction that may lead to additional airspace capacity-, whereas may not protect enough in some specific situations, thus requiring additional protection for flights. The simulation framework developed in the R-WAKE project, a SESAR 2020 Exploratory Research project, has been used to identify and characterise the suspected hazard areas (SHA) that flights should avoid under certain conditions if they are crossing a piece of airspace after another flight. A large number of simulations were performed to generate the SHAs, resulting from the combination of different: a) separation distances; b) aircraft types (including realistic masses and cruise speeds); c) altitudes and atmospheric conditions; and d) relative encounter geometries (horizontal and vertical). This study can support the development of new separation standards aimed at increasing airspace capacity and safety.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131925642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}