2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)最新文献

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Conflict-Free Trajectory Taxiing in Airport Ramp Area Using Fast-Time Simulations","authors":"Nikolai Okuniek, Zhifan Zhu, Y. Jung, S. Gridnev, I. Gerdes, Hanbong Lee","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569228","url":null,"abstract":"The German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have been collaborating to conduct joint research addressing future surface traffic management challenges. The surface management tool from DLR, called Taxi Routing for Aircraft: Creation and Controlling (TRACC), was adapted to be integrated in NASA's fast-time simulation environment called Surface Operations Simulator and Scheduler (SOSS). The research described in this paper 1) applied TRACC to trajectory-based ramp traffic management, where TRACC generates conflict-free aircraft trajectories in a congested ramp area, 2) investigated the feasibility of the concept through the integrated TRACC-SOSS fast-time simulation, and 3) evaluated the performance of the integrated system. For this activity, TRACC was adapted for ramp operations at Charlotte Douglas International Airport, called TRACC_PB (TRACC for pushback optimization). TRACC _ PB provides four-dimensional taxi trajectories with a command speed profile for each aircraft following standard taxi routes within the ramp area. In this study, departures are given the Target Movement Area entry Times (TMATs) provided by the baseline surface metering scheduler based on NASA's Spot and Runway Departure Advisor (SARDA). TRACC_PB also calculates optimal pushback times for departures, as well as the times when arrivals shall enter the ramp, the Target Movement area Exit Times (TMETs). The initial results showed that the TRACC_PB successfully generated conflict-free trajectories for the ramp area taxi operations and improved taxiing efficiency compared to the baseline results. TRACC_PB aimed to provide conflict-free taxi routes avoiding any stops while taxiing. This resulted in longer gate hold times for departures and postponed throughput values compared to the baseline simulation without trajectory optimization. Having conflict-free routes without stoppage also created shorter taxi times but required renegotiation of the given TMATs. TRACC_PB also achieved reductions in both fuel consumption and engine emissions (17% for departures and 10% for arrivals), which correlate with the ramp taxi time reduction.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134233817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Comparison Of A320 And 737ng Regarding The Vertical And And Speed Pro-Files In Advanced RNP To XLS Arrivals","authors":"T. Dautermann, Lina Altenscheidt, T. Ludwig, Marc Altenscheidt, R. Geister","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569819","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the performance comparison between an Airbus A320 and a Boeing 737NG in vertical path following and speed profile during novel advanced required navigation performance (RNP) procedures which contain a fixed radius turn that delivers the aircraft onto a short ILS precision final. The approaches were flown automatically with guidance and automatic thrust as computed by the flight management system. Main areas of interest of the flight trials were the performance of the vertical path following during the RNP part of the procedure as well as maintaining an optimized speed profile during the continuous descent approaches. Within the PBN concept, it is possible to incorporate turns with a precise ground track into departure, en-route, arrival and approach procedures called fixed radius transitions or radius-to-fix. They offer the advantage of repeatable ground tracks during the turn and thus more freedom for the procedure designer when route planning in dense traffic, high terrain or obstacle rich environments. Additionally, ARINC 424 allows to specify altitude constraints at waypoints and vertical path angles for each RNP segment terminating at such a waypoint. The vertical path angle feature is currently largely unused and unexplored, except for the final approach segment of an RNP approach. These new options, when properly exercised, would allow any aircraft to benefit from better fuel efficiency during a continuous descent approach and a potentially reduced obstacle clearance due to the fixed vertical RNP profile and RF tracks. Ground tracks are repeatable and could be used for better noise abatement - besides their main purpose, obstruction clearance along the aircraft's path. In this study, we investigated the use of the ARINC424 coding options “vertical path angle” and “altitude constraints” at path terminators Track-to-Fix and Radius-to-Fix onto the performance of the speed profile for arrival time optimization and the vertical path following. Moreover, we study the influence of splitting the procedure into a standardt Terminal arrival route (STAR) and instrument approach procedure (IAP) components of varying lengths as shown in the Figure 1 below. The procedure designed for this experiment delivers the aircraft onto the instrument landing system of Braunschweig-Wolfsburg airport's ILS runway 26. The glide path intercept point or final approach point (FAP) is located 1500ft above aerodrome level. The approach has 5 initial approach fixes (IAF) located 3,4,5,6 and 7 miles uptrack of the FAP. Additionally, 5 separate STARs were coded, all commence at the same point in the terminal area at an altitude of 4000ft MSL and ending at the respective IAF. The ground track for all 4 procedures is identical, only the transition from STAR to IAP is shifted. The descent angle from the beginning of the STAR until the FAP of the approach was designed and coded with 1° downwards. The idea is to test, where an automatic thrust reduction takes place ","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134017689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Machine Learning Methods for Predictive Alerting of the Energy State for Aircraft","authors":"James Engelmann, C. Mourning, M. U. de Haag","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569854","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the feasibility of using machine learning methods, including deep model architectures, for the prediction of near future hazardous energy states (i.e., stall, overspeed, high and fast, low and slow, unstable approaches). Aircraft state prediction and specifically energy state prediction is an important step in providing the flight crew with visual and aural cues to improve their Aircraft State Awareness (ASA). Lack of ASA has been identified as one of the leading contributing factors in commercial aviation accidents, thus improving ASA has the potential to enhance aviation safety. In previous research, various Predictive Alerting of Energy (PAE) methods for flight crew information management and decision support (IMDS) were developed and tested with data from a NASA flight simulator study (AIME-l) in which eleven commercial airline crews (22 pilots) completed more than 230 flights. The previously tested aircraft state prediction methods included predictor stages of: (i) sequential stochastic filters, (ii) batch estimators and (iii) fast-time 3DOF model simulations. Successful predictions of stall, overspeed and high-fast/low-slow conditions were generated with these methods for time horizons ranging up to 300s. The paper discusses the use of machine learning techniques for energy state prediction, and considers its fundamental safety implications and algorithmic limitations, such as a lack of off-nominal training data, while also examining performance characteristics and providing insight into the underlying structure of the algorithms used.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133389481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining Maximum Airspace Capacity Via Simulation","authors":"Audrey Reinert","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569847","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the problem of how many unmanned aerial vehicles can fit into a volume of airspace by employing an iterative simulation process. This simulation process was divided into three phases. The first phase addressed the question of how many unmanned aerial vehicles would fit into a predetermined volume of Class-G airspace if each unmanned aerial vehicle had equivalent velocities and separation times. The second phase examined how many collisions would occur in fixed volume of airspace if the headings, velocities, minimum separation times, starting positions of the unmanned aerial vehicles were altered. The final phase repeated the methodology of the previous phase but in three dimensional space.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133038139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prototype of Enhanced Synthetic Vision System using short-wave infrared","authors":"Yue Cheng, Wensheng Niu, Zuolong Liu, Wei Han, Lei Yuan, Lei Zhang, Haoyu Li","doi":"10.1109/dasc.2018.8569799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2018.8569799","url":null,"abstract":"ESVS (Enhanced Synthetic Vision System) carries out multisource data fusion during flight. It comprehensively processed and integrated FLIR, MMW, digital map and navigation data to output conformal and equivalent out-of-cabin view. ESVS assists pilots in seeing through complex atmosphere including haze, rain, snow, etc. With the help of ESVS, pilots can quickly identify runway, terrain and obstacle information in low visibility conditions, and achieve safety approaching and landing. We developed a prototype low cost ESVS based on short-wave infrared image sensor. Due to the atmospheric window of electromagnetic wave, the small dust particles and little droplets in the air are nearly transparent for the short-wave infrared (900nm-1700nm wavelength). Thus, it is very suitable for sensing surrounding environment in haze weather. Our ESVS focuses on seeing through haze weather condition during approaching of civil transport aircraft. In proposed ESVS, the forward-looking video sensor suite comprises a low-cost short-wave infrared camera and a visible color CCD camera. The CCD camera is mainly used to monitor the infrared data and evaluate the result of seeing through performance. With the guidance of navigation data, we made the multisource data fusion of short-wave infrared and synthetic vision to produce conform, neat ESVS visual display for pilots. In addition, we had offered real-time digital image enhancement, target recognition and Highway-In-The-Sky (HITS). This proposed ESVS will greatly improve the pilot vision in haze weather and has the potential to be equipped on the aircraft.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124322191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADS-B degarbling and jamming mitigation by the use of Blind Source Separation","authors":"M. Leonardi, Emilio Giuseppe Piracci","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569598","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic Dependent Surveillance- Broadcast system is a pillar of the future air traffic system. Equipped aircraft utilize the on-board navigation system (based on the GPS unit) to calculate their position and velocity and then broadcast this information on a common RF channel using an on board emitter. Ground-based sensors receive these messages that are used by the ATC centers to produce an image of the traffic on the controller's display. This system uses a data-link protocol called “1090 Extended Squitter (1090ES)”: each aircraft periodically transmits messages PPM modulated on L-band (1090 MHz) with random access to the channel with a transmitter called transponder. This protocol is affected by two important limitations: the throughput of the channel is limited by the garbling effect (i.e. the reception of superimposed messages in dense scenario) and the fact that the 1090 MHz RF channel can be prone to jamming (that is the transmission of high power signals superimposing the aircraft messages). A method to mitigate these two effects using a multichannel ADS-B receiver and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based Blind Source Separation (BSS) technique is proposed in this work. The proposed method is evaluated using real signals both in jamming and garbling cases.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122925920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operational Impact of the Baseline Integrated Arrival, Departure, and Surface System Field Demonstration","authors":"Shivanjli Sharma, Alan Capps, Shawn A. Engelland, Y. Jung","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569828","url":null,"abstract":"To address the Integrated Arrival, Departure, and Surface (IADS) challenge, NASA is developing and demonstrating trajectory-based departure automation under a collaborative effort with the FAA and industry known as Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 (ATD-2). ATD-2 builds upon and integrates previous NASA research capabilities that include the Spot and Runway Departure Advisor (SARDA), the Precision Departure Release Capability (PDRC), and the Terminal Sequencing and Spacing (TSAS) capability. The ATD-2 field demonstration is organized into three phases. Phase I illustrates a Baseline IADS demonstration and includes all components of ATD-2 running in operational environments. Subsequent phases will fuse together strategic scheduling components as well as take into account metroplex considerations. This paper describes the baseline IADS system that was deployed at the end of 2017 and is continuing to run as part of the ATD-2 demonstration taking place at Charlotte-Douglas International Airport (CLT). The primary areas of deployment and system use are in the CLT Air Traffic Control Tower, CLT TRACON, CLT American Airlines ramp tower, Washington Center facility and American Airlines Integration Operations Center (IOC). In addition to describing the functions and capabilities that are part of the baseline IADS system, this paper also provides metrics regarding operational use as well as initial benefits metrics. Benefit metrics continue to be collected and aggregated across the areas of system delay, throughput, taxi time, fuel burn savings, and emissions savings. Furthermore, benefits as a result of common awareness of delays and the impact of takeoff and departure restrictions stemming from traffic flow management initiatives are described. The overall benefit of improved predictability and efficiency as a result of the baseline IADS system demonstration is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"12 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123878694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectory Optimization with Discrete Decisions","authors":"Kevin M. Scott, W. Barott, B. Himed","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569526","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a method of incorporating discrete decision making capabilities into an optimal control problem using differential dynamic programming (DDP). First proposed and described in the 1960s, DDP is an indirect method that relies on a Taylor series expansion of the loss function in the neighborhood of some optimal trajectory, and ideally exhibits quadratic convergence. Although DDP is not innately suited to problems having discrete solutions, the work described in this paper shows a straightforward, feasible means of accomplishing this goal without modifying the core DDP algorithm itself. Simulation results suggest that DDP can be made to choose between multiple discrete goals at a particular decision step. The capability to dynamically (and optimally) assign the steps at which these decisions occur is also demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123927404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontology for Transcription of ATC Speech Commands of SESAR 2020 Solution PJ.16-04","authors":"H. Helmke, M. Slotty, Michael Poiger, Damián Ferrer Herrer, O. Ohneiser, Nathan Vink, Aneta Cerna, Petri Hartikainen, B. Josefsson, David Langr, R. Lasheras, Gabriela Marin, Odd Georg Mevatne, Sylvain Moos, Mats N. Nilsson, Mario Boyero Pérez","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569238","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) applications are increasingly successful in the air traffic (ATC) domain. Paramount to achieving this is collecting enough data for speech recognition model training. Thousands of hours of ATC communication are recorded every day. However, the transcription of these data sets is resource intense, i.e. writing down the sequence of spoken words, and more importantly, interpreting the relevant semantics. Many different approaches including CPDLC (Controller Pilot Data Link Communications) currently exist in the ATC community for command transcription, a fact that e.g. complicates exchange of transcriptions. The partners of the SESAR funded solution PJ.16-04 are currently developing on a common ontology for transcription of controller-pilot communications, which will harmonize integration of ASR into controller working positions. The resulting ontology is presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124056856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Air Traffic Management (UTM) Implementation In Cities - Sampled Side-Effects","authors":"Jonas Lundberg, Karliohan Lundin Palmerius, B. Josefsson","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569869","url":null,"abstract":"Drone-based services in cities will most likely result in high traffic densities (especially during peak hours). Basic unmanned/urban (air) traffic management (UTM) tools and interventions to cope with traffic issues are now well-known (e.g. geofences, layers). There can however be interdependencies between issues and solutions when combined. This paper presents sampled side-effects of using basic unmanned traffic management interventions in an airspace with autonomous point-to-point drone traffic. The samples are based on an interactive simulation and consists of statistics and synthetic images of the simulated situations. We have for instance sampled traffic proximate to a geofenced airport, and traffic from/to proximate logistics hubs. Consequences for UTM development in cities, for the European development of U-space U3 and U4, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124517991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}