2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)最新文献

{"title":"Reduced Crew Operations","authors":"M. Carrico, M. Matessa, Keith Stover","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569515","url":null,"abstract":"While most modern commercial airplanes are flown with two pilots, long haul flight operations require augmented flight crews. The normal crew complement conducts the takeoff, climb-out and initial en route segments, additional pilots are on-board. These ‘relief’ pilots will be rested and ready to take over the flying duties later in the flight. Flight duty times and pre- and post-flight rest requirements currently require multiple flight crews per airplane in order to maximize utilization of the airplane. Advances in intelligent systems, airspace modernization, human factors, and data links are raising the possibility of safely and efficiently operating commercial airplanes with reduced flight crews. As applied to long haul commercial flights, such Reduced Crew Operations (RCO) concepts may include periods of flight where there is only one pilot in the cockpit while other pilot(s) are taking prescribed rest periods. In the RCO concept, the normal flight crew complement (for example, captain and first officer) are in the cockpit for critical flight phases such as takeoff and landing and then alternate flying and resting during cruise. In the event of abnormal operations or an in-flight emergency, the resting pilot can be alerted and called to the flight deck. This paper examines the operational and regulation aspects of Reduced Crew Operations. An impact analysis of the applicable US Federal Aviation Regulations, particularly Part 117 Flight and Duty Limitations and Rest Requirements: Flight Crew Members, and Part 121 Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations is presented. This paper provides a summary of the research into RCO concept of operations, including research jointly conducted by NASA and Rockwell Collins. Based on the regulation impacts and the studies, this paper identifies the present operational, procedural, and technical challenges that must be addressed to safely implement Reduced Crew Operations.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117124862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DME/DME Based Navigation for GNSS Interference Mitigation: Simulation, Algorithms","authors":"Mustafa Tekin, Mehmet Karakas","doi":"10.1109/dasc.2018.8569798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2018.8569798","url":null,"abstract":"GNSS is the most accurate mean of navigation but it relies on satellite being available, and these signals are susceptible to interference due to their low received signal power. To deal with possible unintentional/intentional signal loss or degradation vulnerabilities and spoofing threads, and to maintain system accuracy and integrity an alternative backup DME/DME based navigation system is proposed. The article describes the implementation and performance of purposed DME/ DME based system solution together with simulated and real test data/results. Shared recorded data from the flight tests compared with GNSS signals verify the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation algorithm. We first give details of proposed DME/DME joint mitigation algorithm. We then present the simulated results and show backup navigation capability with accuracies better than 0.1 nautical miles. Finally, we share real flights campaign measurements performed at TAI/TUSAS facilities in Ankara, Turkey to show performance of algorithm.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":" 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120834093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Guidelines for Human-Agent Teams in Space Operations Beyond Low-Earth Orbit","authors":"Güliz Tokadll, M. Dorneich, Tomas Gonzalez-Torres","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569523","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents preliminary guidelines for function allocation in human-agent teams in space missions beyond Low-Earth Orbit (LEO). The current space missions in LEO are supported by real-time collaboration between the space crew and a mission control to deal with any off-nominal situations. For the space missions beyond LEO, the communication delay between an Earth-based mission control and the space crew will limit the guidance a mission control can provide during off-nominal situations, where no procedure exists. This will require that the space crew must detect, diagnose and generate alternative solutions without the real-time support of mission control during the decision-making process. The previous experiences and the training of the space crew may not have anticipated every situation. The generation of new procedures or modification of existing procedures will be a very challenging and time-consuming tasks for the space crew. Therefore, missions beyond LEO will increasingly rely on intelligent automation capabilities to support the space crew's decision-making in real-time. In previous work, the authors generated the domain knowledge models, described the design requirements, and identified the possible concept of future operations. In this paper, a Decision-Action Diagram (DAD) of missions in LEO has been extrapolated to missions beyond LEO. This DAD describes the envisioned collaborative decision-making process of missions beyond LEO for off-nominal situations. The comparison between the DAD of missions beyond LEO and the DAD of current missions in LEO shows that some of the functions performed by mission control would be allocated to a Cognitive Assistant (CA) (intelligent automation) of the space crew in the space vehicle. To allocate functions properly, preliminary guidelines are described to determine: (a) which functions could potentially be allocated to the human or an agent, (b) the potential triggers of the current situation that would determine when functions are dynamically allocated, and (c) the level of automation logic of the CA for each allocated function.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"2690 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127488655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of power supply over CAN bus: Study on different elementary design aspects","authors":"A. Llaria, G. Terrasson, Nicolas Pierlot","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569602","url":null,"abstract":"Powerline Communications (PLC) is a classical communication paradigm which is largely applied from several years in different areas such as home automation or Smart Grids, among others. Recently, the interest of employing PLC in the aeronautic sector has increased. A number of existing solutions are based on CAN bus communications employing the power cables of the aircraft as transmission channel. This paper studies and discusses a close but different solution: the possibility of using the CAN bus network to both transmit data and power, applied to avionics. For a precise real case study, different simplified models are analyzed, from the dimensioning phase of the electronic circuit components to results discussion, passing through various concerns such as filtering stages design, CAN transceiver configuration and the influence of the transmitted data frame format.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124925792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OpenSky Report 2018: Assessing the Integrity of Crowdsourced Mode S and ADS-B Data","authors":"Matthias Schäfer, Martin Strohmeicr, Matthew Smith, Markus Fuchs, Vincent Lenders, I. Martinovic","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569833","url":null,"abstract":"Air traffic tracking platforms such as the OpenSky Network use crowdsourcing to track air traffic world wide. While crowdsourcing allows for unprecedented coverage, it comes with challenges concerning the integrity of the data. More specifically, by delegating the data collection task to a mostly unknown group of individuals, the network becomes vulnerable to data integrity breaches by inexperienced or malicious actors. Users might - intentionally or not - send faulty or fake data to the tracker and in this way threaten the integrity of the information provided by the network. In this paper, we provide unique insights into the data integrity challenges we faced during 6 years of operating the OpenSky Network. We analyze the different types of integrity breaches and discuss methods to detect and filter faulty data.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125013395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Efficient Approach for Monitoring and Analyzing Real-Time ARINC 661 Events","authors":"Weidong Yang, Xi Shen, Qicheng Qiu, Jianping Zhang, Kejia Yang, Zexin Wang, Yong Cai","doi":"10.1109/dasc.2018.8569329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2018.8569329","url":null,"abstract":"ARINC 661 Runtime Protocol specifies the link between the Cockpit Display System (CDS) and the User Application (UA), which carries events that are generated through user interaction to the UA and brings requests to display new data back to the CDS. Monitoring and analyzing the real-time data when CDS communicates with UA, which are important tasks of implementation and test of aircraft cockpit displays. This paper suggests an efficient approach for monitoring and analysis realtime Arinc 661 messages. In our approach, we first use a subset of the XPath language to specify the relevant Arinc 661 events, then all the Arinc 661 events we want to monitor and analysis are combined into a prefix shared ARINC 661 Event Tree called PS-A661-ET. The PS-A661-ET merges the common prefixes of all the A661 events expressed by XPath language such that they are processed at most once. Finally, we design and implement a one-pass algorithm based on runtime stack to monitor and analysis ARINC 661 events. The optimization of this algorithm by using ARINC 661 message structure and rules is also addressed. We conduct a large number of experiments which demonstrate our approach is very efficient.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123546707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BADA Family H - A Simple Helicopter Performance Model for ATM Applications","authors":"Vincent Mouillet, David Phu","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569871","url":null,"abstract":"While several aircraft performance models (APM) for fixed-wing aircraft are commonly used by the Air Traffic Management (ATM) community, no such model is available for rotorcraft. In an attempt to fill this gap, the authors have developed Base of Aircraft Data (BADA) Family H, an extension to the BADA model dedicated to helicopter aircraft. The objective of this new APM is to provide, using a simple theoretical model and for various helicopter types, realistic estimates of helicopter performance to support trajectory prediction and fuel burn estimation in ATM applications such as Air Traffic Control simulations or environmental assessment tools. This paper describes the design and structure of the new APM, and the methodology used to develop a model instance for a specific helicopter type. The initial validation results presented for three helicopter models demonstrate a good fit between helicopter performances computed with the new APM and both theoretical expectations and reference performance data. Future work will address known limitations of the model, in terms of supported helicopter types and operations, and further validation of its suitability to ATM applications.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128452689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cybersecurity Architecture for the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS)","authors":"Nils Mäurer, A. Bilzhause","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569878","url":null,"abstract":"With air transportation growing and current civil aeronautical communication systems reaching their capacity limit in high density areas, the need for new aeronautical communication technologies becomes apparent. The biggest challenge in recent years is the transition from analogue voice to digital data communication and the related trend towards an increased autonomous data processing. A promising candidate for the digital future communication infrastructure in continental areas is the terrestrial long-range L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS), which is currently in the process of being standardized by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). As safety and security are strongly intertwined in civil aviation, every installation of LDACS requires protection against cyber-attacks. This paper introduces a cybersecurity architecture for LDACS and proposes suitable security algorithm, which can achieve the security objectives on top of the architecture. Therefore we integrate new security functions within the existing protocol stack of LDACS. We provide an architecture for user data encryption, data integrity, authenticated key agreement, entity authentication, broadcast channel protection, and key and access management.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128460318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels of Aviation Autonomy","authors":"E. Anderson, T. Fannin, Brently Nelson","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569280","url":null,"abstract":"Most modern airplanes include automated systems to improve both the efficiency and safety of flight. By the standards of the automotive industry, these avionics systems are both highly complex and highly automated. Ongoing advancements in computing systems and machine learning lead the SAE to publish a Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles that has become the standard for classifying levels of driving automation. This standardization has provided the automotive industry and the regulatory agencies a useful framework for exploring and promoting the development of more advanced automated and autonomous systems. The aviation industry is also benefiting from advancements in technology, with growing interest in even more advanced flight systems and ultimately fully autonomous solutions. The higher demands of the piloting task relative to the driving task and the more complex nature of modern airplane systems lead the authors to re-evaluate and tailor the SAE classifications of autonomy specifically for pilots and avionics solutions. This paper summarizes a taxonomy of flight automation system levels that Rockwell Collins has derived from the SAE driving automation system levels. The intent is to provide a similar framework for the exploration and development of advanced automation and autonomous solutions for avionics. Similar to the SAE classifications, this paper clarifies the role of both the (human) pilot, and the automated systems during flight operations at each level of automation. The objective is to provide scope definition and a useful framework for the development of technical specifications and related policies, regulations and standards.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129079864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Safety Analysis Method of Functional Integrated Avionics Systems","authors":"Yuqaian Wu, Gang Xiao, Guoqing Wang, Fang He, Zhouyun Dai, Yanran Wang","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2018.8569355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2018.8569355","url":null,"abstract":"Confronted with difficulties in the safety status analysis of avionics systems attributed to functional integration, a new safety analysis method based on a denoising-improved deep belief network, a deep learning algorithm, is proposed, realizing the mapping of system status parameters to overall system safety status within the context of multiple dimensions. By setting the aircraft environment surveillance system (AESS) as an instance, the engineering data was utilized to verify the feasibility of the method, yielding high classification performance. Comparative experiments with original DBN, DSAE, and NN demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve safety status identification directly from complex original data, and possesses strong classification robustness.","PeriodicalId":405724,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124453817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}