Advanced Flight Efficiency Key Performance Indicators to support Air Traffic Analytics: Assessment of European flight efficiency using ADS-B data

Javier López Leonés, Manuel Polaina Morales, L. D'Alto, Pablo Sánchez Escalonilla, Damiàn Ferrer Herrer, Marcos Sanz Bravo, Fernando Celorrio Cámara, Ángel Martìnez Mateo, Brian Mac Namee, Shen Wang, Aditya Grover, Philip Plantholt
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

Flight efficiency is of great concern in the Air Traffic Management (ATM) community since today's ATM inefficiencies affect both airspace users (AUs) and Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs). Each actor has their own vision of flight efficiency: whereas airlines are concerned mainly with aspects that impact their business strategy (fuel consumption, schedule adherence and cost), ANSPs consider other aspects such as sector capacity, Air Traffic Controller (ATC) interventions, emissions and noise. Capturing both visions in new Key Performance Indicators (KPls) is important to take new steps towards more sustainable air traffic operations. The current standard KPI used to measure flight efficiency is the “horizontal flight efficiency”, which measures the horizontal excess enroute distance compared to the orthodromic distance. This view of efficiency is very limited since it doesn't take into account other sources of inefficiencies, namely meteorological conditions or the vertical profile of the flight, that have a big impact on the AUs operational objectives. Therefore, advanced metrics are being developed to include these objectives in the assessment of efficiency and to analyse how the inefficiencies are distributed among them, as well as new methodologies to calculate these advanced KPls in real time. This paper presents a consolidated set of advanced user-centric cost-based efficiency and equity indicators which address different aspects of efficiency such as the horizontal and vertical component, fuel consumption or cost of the flight, thus introducing the airspace user's viewpoint into consideration. Also, the methodology followed for the calculation of the indicators, based on historical data and in real time, is demonstrated. For the evaluation of the indicators, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data and a set of user-preferred trajectories (including flight plan, optimal cost and optimal distance) as reference are used. Finally, a flight efficiency and equity assessment of the European traffic flow for three different scenarios is presented, where two whole days of air traffic in the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) area were used for the efficiency indicators, and one month of traffic for specific city pairs was used for the equity indicators. This proves the added value of these newly introduced indicators, showing that different indicators account for different sources of inefficiencies, and that the use of ADS-B data could serve as a reliable source for performance monitoring. Centro de Referencia l+D+i ATM (CRIDA), Boeing Research & Technology Europe (BR&TE), Centre for Applied Data Analytics (CeADAR) and Flightradar24 (FR24) joined together, with the expert assessment of Iberia, Air Europa, KLM and Turkish Airlines as members of the AURORA's Airspace Users Group, to conduct this research under the AURORA project (Grant 699340) supported by SESAR Joint Undertaking under European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program.
支持空中交通分析的先进飞行效率关键绩效指标:使用ADS-B数据评估欧洲飞行效率
飞行效率是空中交通管理(ATM)界非常关注的问题,因为当今空中交通管理(ATM)的低效率既影响空域用户(au),也影响空中导航服务提供商(ansp)。每个参与者对飞行效率都有自己的看法:航空公司主要关注影响其业务战略的方面(燃料消耗、时间表遵守和成本),而ansp考虑其他方面,如部门容量、空中交通管制员(ATC)干预、排放和噪音。在新的关键绩效指标(kpl)中体现这两个愿景,对于采取新的步骤实现更可持续的空中交通运营至关重要。目前衡量飞行效率的标准KPI是“水平飞行效率”,它衡量的是相对于正交距离的水平超额航路距离。这种效率的观点是非常有限的,因为它没有考虑到其他低效率的来源,即气象条件或飞行的垂直轮廓,这对澳航的作战目标有很大的影响。因此,正在开发先进的指标,以将这些目标包括在效率评估中,并分析效率低下如何在它们之间分布,以及实时计算这些先进kpl的新方法。本文提出了一套先进的以用户为中心、基于成本的效率和公平指标,这些指标解决了效率的不同方面,如水平和垂直组件、燃料消耗或飞行成本,从而引入了空域用户的观点。此外,还说明了根据历史数据实时计算指标所采用的方法。为了评估这些指标,使用了广播自动相关监视(ADS-B)数据和一组用户首选轨迹(包括飞行计划、最优成本和最优距离)作为参考。最后,提出了三种不同情景下欧洲交通流的飞行效率和公平评估,其中使用欧洲民航会议(ECAC)地区整整两天的空中交通作为效率指标,使用特定城市对一个月的交通作为公平指标。这证明了这些新引入的指标的附加价值,表明不同的指标说明了不同的低效率来源,使用ADS-B数据可以作为绩效监测的可靠来源。空中交通管理参考中心(CRIDA)、波音欧洲研究与技术中心(BR&TE)、应用数据分析中心(CeADAR)和Flightradar24 (FR24)与伊比利亚航空公司、欧洲航空公司、荷兰皇家航空公司和土耳其航空公司的专家评估一起,作为AURORA空域用户组的成员,在欧盟地平线2020研究与创新计划下由SESAR联合企业支持的AURORA项目(Grant 699340)下进行这项研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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