Physics Reports最新文献

{"title":"Integration of two-dimensional materials based photodetectors for on-chip applications","authors":"Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Luyao Mei ,&nbsp;Yun Li ,&nbsp;Xue Xia ,&nbsp;Nan Cui ,&nbsp;Gen Long ,&nbsp;Wenzhi Yu ,&nbsp;Weiqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Haoran Mu ,&nbsp;Shenghuang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapidly evolving communication field demands higher data capacity, faster transmission speeds, and improved anti-interference capabilities. However, the physical limitations of silicon-based photonics technology hinder the realization of photodetectors and other active devices. The discovery of two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, has opened promising opportunities for on-chip photodetection, showcasing distinctive physical and chemical properties and ultrathin nature. In this review, we first describe several representative 2D materials, including graphene, black phosphorus, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). These materials offer diverse band structures and properties, presenting a plethora of options for varied applications. Then we highlight the utilization of these 2D materials in the development of high-performance photodetection devices, including photodiodes, field-effect transistors, and photodetectors. Furthermore, we delve into the practical applications of photodetectors, including room-temperature imaging, visual sensors, spectrometers, ranging, and other optoelectronic integrated systems. These real-world applications vividly demonstrate the versatility and potential of 2D materials across diverse fields. Overall, the unique structures and properties of 2D materials offer new possibilities for applications across various domains. Future research should be devoted to further explore the properties and applications of 2D materials to advance their development in the field of science and technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Pages 1-46"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141324583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waves, patterns, bifurcations: A tutorial review on the vertebrate segmentation clock","authors":"Paul François ,&nbsp;Victoria Mochulska","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Proper vertebrae formation relies on a tissue-wide oscillator called the segmentation clock. Individual cellular oscillators in the presomitic mesoderm are modulated by intercellular coupling and external signals, leading to the propagation of oscillatory waves of genetic expression eventually stabilizing into a static pattern. Here, we review 4 decades of biophysical models of this process, starting from the pioneering Clock and Wavefront model by Cooke and Zeeman, and the reaction–diffusion model by Meinhardt. We discuss how modern descriptions followed advances in molecular description and visualization of the process, reviewing phase models, delayed models, systems-level, and finally geometric models. We connect models to high-level aspects of embryonic development from embryonic scaling to wave propagation, up to reconstructed stem cell systems. We provide new analytical calculations and insights into classical and recent models, leading us to propose a geometric description of somitogenesis organized along two primary waves of differentiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Pages 1-104"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037015732400156X/pdfft?md5=88a27464e3cda1ccc99fb2686e475431&pid=1-s2.0-S037015732400156X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141239528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mathematical theory of the critical point of ferromagnetic Ising systems","authors":"Domingos H.U. Marchetti ,&nbsp;Manfred Requardt ,&nbsp;Walter F. Wreszinski","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We develop a theory of the critical point of the ferromagnetic Ising model, whose basic objects are the ergodic (pure) states of the infinite system. It proves the existence of anomalous critical fluctuations, for dimension <span><math><mrow><mi>ν</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> and, under a standard assumption, for <span><math><mrow><mi>ν</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span>, for the model with nearest-neighbor interaction, in a way which is consistent with the probabilistic approach of Cassandro, Jona-Lasinio, and several others, reviewed in Jona-Lasinio’s article in Phys. Rep. 352,439 (2001). We propose to single out the state at the critical temperature <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, among the ergodic thermal states associated to temperatures <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>≤</mo><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, by a condition of non-summable clustering of the connected two-point function. The analogous condition on the connected (2r)- point functions, for <span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> , together with a scaling hypothesis, natural within our framework, proves that the (macroscopic) fluctuation state is quasi-free, after a proper rescaling, also at the critical temperature, in agreement with a theorem by Cassandro and Jona-Lasinio, whose proof is, however, shown to be incomplete. Other subjects treated include topics relating to universality, including spontaneous breaking of continuous symmetries and violations of universality in problems of energetic and dynamic stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1079 ","pages":"Pages 1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141097420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum amplification and simulation of strong and ultrastrong coupling of light and matter","authors":"Wei Qin ,&nbsp;Anton Frisk Kockum ,&nbsp;Carlos Sánchez Muñoz ,&nbsp;Adam Miranowicz ,&nbsp;Franco Nori","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interaction of light and matter at the single-photon level is of central importance in various fields of physics, including, e.g., condensed matter physics, astronomy, quantum optics, and quantum information. Amplification of such quantum light–matter interaction can be highly beneficial to, e.g., improve device performance, explore novel phenomena, and understand fundamental physics, and has therefore been a long-standing goal. Furthermore, simulation of light–matter interaction in the regime of ultrastrong coupling, where the interaction strength is comparable to the bare frequencies of the uncoupled systems, has also become a hot research topic, and considerable progress has been made both theoretically and experimentally in the past decade. In this review, we provide a detailed introduction of recent advances in amplification of quantum light–matter interaction and simulation of ultrastrong light–matter interaction, particularly in cavity and circuit quantum electrodynamics and in cavity optomechanics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1078 ","pages":"Pages 1-59"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370157324001571/pdfft?md5=37517ad0b729d72512e5a5426cd78070&pid=1-s2.0-S0370157324001571-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141090502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal metamaterials: From static to dynamic heat manipulation","authors":"Chunzhen Fan ,&nbsp;Chen-Long Wu ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Static and dynamic metamaterials have been extensively studied for their ability to manipulate different physical fields and directed to broad applications. Because the governing equations of heat transfer consist of nonlinear terms with conservation of mass, momentum and energy, the equations can exhibit elliptical, parabolic, hyperbolic and hybrid configurations under different transfer modes. Such multi-mode transfer characteristics intrinsically make thermal metamaterials distinguish themselves from other metamaterials with unique static and dynamic manipulation mechanisms. Therefore, numerous studies have emerged that use the transformation theory and other methods to control static thermal metamaterials. It leads to the development of thermal cloaks, thermal concentrators, thermal diodes, and so on. Originating from the static style, the manipulation of heat transfer has expanded to dynamic systems in recent years. The introduction of hydrodynamics in metamaterial design leads to numerous novel physics effects, such as dynamic cloaking, zero-drag characteristics, topological heat transfer, nonreciprocal diffusion, and non-Hermitian physics. Moreover, the dynamic thermal metamaterials allow accurate control at both time and space dimensions, leading to exciting applications such as adjustable, reconfigurable, and intelligent thermal meta-devices. However, few studies have systematically analyzed thermal metamaterials from the perspective of static and dynamic manipulation. In this review, we aim at clarifying the connection and distinction of static and dynamic manipulation from the scopes of principle, application, and physical effects. We start with the development of static thermal metamaterials and its application. Subsequently, the development of dynamic thermal metamaterials is presented both in fundamental theory and application. Finally, we summarize the research directions and prospect future research challenges for static and dynamic thermal metamaterials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Pages 1-111"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141073363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superconductivity and interfaces","authors":"Joshua Maggiora ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Wang ,&nbsp;Rongkun Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interfaces between superconductors and other materials have long been established as being an important part in the exploration of new physics to aid in our understanding of superconductivity and open us up to new technological advancements. Herein this article we analyse the recent progress made in the understanding of superconductivity at the interfaces involving a wide range of functional materials, mostly looking at two-dimensional (2D) systems.</p><p>We start off in the first half of this review by focusing on magnetic and superconductive hybrid heterostructures, as well as the resulting physical phenomena from these systems. The first is a section on vortex and anti-vortex phenomena; the second key area is ferromagnet–superconductor hybrid phenomena with particular interest of magnetic skyrmions, the third is the novel frontier based on 2D magnetic and superconductive interfaces particularly examining Ising superconductivity at these interfaces; the fourth is superconductivity at anti-ferromagnetic interfaces and finally half-metals at superconducting interfaces.</p><p>The second half of this review focuses on superconductivity at insulating and other functional interfaces. Examining firstly, Mott insulator interfaces with wide ranging discussions about how such interfaces can enhance our understanding in high-temperature superconductive cuprates and other unconventional superconductor systems such as the nickelates; in the second section the interface of 2D and 3D ferroelectric materials with superconductors with a key emphasis on devices that have been developed to control the superconducting phase; Topological insulators at interfaces with superconductors is the third section; and lastly 2D twisted material interfaces are explored, including the newly discovered magic angle interfaces discovered with graphene and other van Der Waals materials. It is anticipated that this review will lead to further interest in such interfaces to improve our understanding and expose the exotic science behind these interfaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1076 ","pages":"Pages 1-49"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370157324001558/pdfft?md5=87cc5005bb9ce817b820c596f4f74966&pid=1-s2.0-S0370157324001558-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141067990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Current challenges in the physics of white dwarf stars” [Phys. Rep. 988 (2022) 1–63]","authors":"Didier Saumon ,&nbsp;Simon Blouin ,&nbsp;Pier-Emmanuel Tremblay","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1071 ","pages":"Pages 48-49"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370157324001650/pdfft?md5=c45b70a7f6ba2b8b7b2300819f808dba&pid=1-s2.0-S0370157324001650-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topology in soft and biological matter","authors":"Luca Tubiana ,&nbsp;Gareth P. Alexander ,&nbsp;Agnese Barbensi ,&nbsp;Dorothy Buck ,&nbsp;Julyan H.E. Cartwright ,&nbsp;Mateusz Chwastyk ,&nbsp;Marek Cieplak ,&nbsp;Ivan Coluzza ,&nbsp;Simon Čopar ,&nbsp;David J. Craik ,&nbsp;Marco Di Stefano ,&nbsp;Ralf Everaers ,&nbsp;Patrícia F.N. Faísca ,&nbsp;Franco Ferrari ,&nbsp;Achille Giacometti ,&nbsp;Dimos Goundaroulis ,&nbsp;Ellinor Haglund ,&nbsp;Ya-Ming Hou ,&nbsp;Nevena Ilieva ,&nbsp;Sophie E. Jackson ,&nbsp;Slobodan Žumer","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The last years have witnessed remarkable advances in our understanding of the emergence and consequences of topological constraints in biological and soft matter. Examples are abundant in relation to (bio)polymeric systems and range from the characterization of knots in single polymers and proteins to that of whole chromosomes and polymer melts. At the same time, considerable advances have been made in the description of the interplay between topological and physical properties in complex fluids, with the development of techniques that now allow researchers to control the formation of and interaction between defects in diverse classes of liquid crystals. Thanks to technological progress and the integration of experiments with increasingly sophisticated numerical simulations, topological biological and soft matter is a vibrant area of research attracting scientists from a broad range of disciplines. However, owing to the high degree of specialization of modern science, many results have remained confined to their own particular fields, with different jargon making it difficult for researchers to share ideas and work together towards a comprehensive view of the diverse phenomena at play. Compelled by these motivations, here we present a comprehensive overview of topological effects in systems ranging from DNA and genome organization to entangled proteins, polymeric materials, liquid crystals, and theoretical physics, with the intention of reducing the barriers between different fields of soft matter and biophysics. Particular care has been taken in providing a coherent formal introduction to the topological properties of polymers and of continuum materials and in highlighting the underlying common aspects concerning the emergence, characterization, and effects of topological objects in different systems. The second half of the review is dedicated to the presentation of the latest results in selected problems, specifically, the effects of topological constraints on the viscoelastic properties of polymeric materials; their relation with genome organization; a discussion on the emergence and possible effects of knots and other entanglements in proteins; the emergence and effects of topological defects and solitons in complex fluids.</p><p>This review is dedicated to the memory of Marek Cieplak.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1075 ","pages":"Pages 1-137"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140950959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems with long-range interactions","authors":"Nicolò Defenu ,&nbsp;Alessio Lerose ,&nbsp;Silvia Pappalardi","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experimental progress in atomic, molecular, and optical platforms in the last decade has stimulated strong and broad interest in the quantum coherent dynamics of many <em>long-range interacting</em> particles. The prominent collective character of these systems enables novel non-equilibrium phenomena with no counterpart in conventional quantum systems with local interactions. Much of the theory work in this area either focussed on the impact of variable-range interaction tails on the physics of local interactions or relied on mean-field-like descriptions based on the opposite limit of all-to-all infinite-range interactions. In this Report, we present a systematic and organic review of recent advances in the field. Working with prototypical interacting quantum spin lattices without disorder, our presentation hinges upon a versatile theoretical formalism that interpolates between the few-body mean-field physics and the many-body physics of quasi-local interactions. Such a formalism allows us to connect these two regimes, providing both a formal quantitative tool and basic physical intuition. We leverage this unifying framework to review several findings of the last decade, including the peculiar non-ballistic spreading of quantum correlations, counter-intuitive slowdown of entanglement dynamics, suppression of thermalization and equilibration, anomalous scaling of defects upon traversing criticality, dynamical phase transitions, and genuinely non-equilibrium phases stabilized by periodic driving. The style of this Report is on the pedagogical side, which makes it accessible to readers without previous experience in the subject matter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1074 ","pages":"Pages 1-92"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370157324001406/pdfft?md5=cce61699016bbe48884f55dd21d44503&pid=1-s2.0-S0370157324001406-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celestial holography: An asymptotic symmetry perspective","authors":"Laura Donnay","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We review the role that infinite-dimensional symmetries arising at the boundary of asymptotically flat spacetimes play in the context of the celestial holography program. Once recast into the language of conformal field theory, asymptotic symmetries provide key constraints on the sought-for celestial dual to quantum gravity in flat spacetimes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1073 ","pages":"Pages 1-41"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140807141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}