Physics Reports最新文献_第7页

Shell-shaped atomic gases 壳状原子气体

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.04.004

Andrea Tononi , Luca Salasnich

引用次数: 0

On principles of emergent organization 关于新兴组织的原则

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.04.001

Adam Rupe , James P. Crutchfield

{"title":"On principles of emergent organization","authors":"Adam Rupe , James P. Crutchfield","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After more than a century of concerted effort, physics still lacks basic principles of spontaneous self-organization. To appreciate why, we first state the problem, outline historical approaches, and survey the present state of the physics of self-organization. This frames the particular challenges arising from mathematical intractability and the resulting need for computational approaches, as well as those arising from a chronic failure to define structure. Then, an overview of two modern mathematical formulations of organization—intrinsic computation and evolution operators—lays out a way to overcome these challenges. Additionally, we show how intrinsic computation and evolution operators combine to produce a general framework showing physical consistency between emergent behaviors and their underlying physics. This statistical mechanics of emergence provides a theoretical foundation for data-driven approaches to organization necessitated by analytic intractability. Taken all together, the result is a constructive path towards principles of organization that builds on the mathematical identification of structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1071 ","pages":"Pages 1-47"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370157324001327/pdfft?md5=06f23893ec0a7e94dc1dfe6dda1b1c4c&pid=1-s2.0-S0370157324001327-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal Hall effects in quantum magnets 量子磁体中的热霍尔效应

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.03.004

Xiao-Tian Zhang , Yong Hao Gao , Gang Chen

{"title":"Thermal Hall effects in quantum magnets","authors":"Xiao-Tian Zhang , Yong Hao Gao , Gang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the recent years, the thermal Hall transport has risen as an important diagnosis of the physical properties of the elementary excitations in various quantum materials, especially among the Mott insulating systems where the electronic transports are often featureless. Here we review the recent development of thermal Hall effects in quantum magnets where all the relevant excitations are charge-neutral. In addition to summarizing the existing experiments, we pay a special attention to the underlying mechanisms of the thermal Hall effects in various magnetic systems, and clarify the connection between the microscopic physical variables and the emergent degrees of freedom in different quantum phases. The external magnetic field is shown to modify the intrinsic Berry curvature properties of various emergent and/or exotic quasiparticle excitations in distinct fashions for different quantum systems and quantum phases, contributing to the thermal Hall transports. These include, for example, the conventional ones like the magnons in ordered magnets, the triplons in dimerized magnets, the exotic and fractionalized quasiparticles such as the spinons and the magnetic monopoles in quantum spin liquids. We review their contribution and discuss their presence in the thermal Hall conductivity in different physical contexts. We expect this review to provide a useful guidance for the physical mechanism of the thermal Hall transports in quantum magnets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1070 ","pages":"Pages 1-59"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140536831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progress in vircators towards high efficiency: Present state and future prospects 高效蛭石的研究进展：现状与前景

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.03.003

Sohail Mumtaz , Han Sup Uhm , Eun Ha Choi

{"title":"Progress in vircators towards high efficiency: Present state and future prospects","authors":"Sohail Mumtaz , Han Sup Uhm , Eun Ha Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background:</h3><p>High-power microwave (HPM) sources remain of interest to research due to their diverse range of applications The motivation of this research field is to increase the efficiency of HPM sources. One of the simplest oscillators for HPM generation is a virtual cathode oscillator (vircator), however, it has a poor beam-to-microwave conversion efficiency. Therefore, enhancement of the vircator efficiency has demanded innovative solutions since it first appeared 46 years ago.</p></div><div><h3>Aim of review:</h3><p>Finding potential methodologies, strategies, and important aspects that may help vircators for better efficiency. Thus, the progress over the last 46 years to improve vircator efficiency using various strategies was summarized in this review. Furthermore, a key idea was also provided for increasing the number of virtual cathodes (VCs) in the beam simultaneously, which might be a useful future technique to achieve high efficiency.</p></div><div><h3>Key scientific concept of review:</h3><p>A VC is a source of HPM generation. Another factor contributing to the low conversion efficiency in the vircator is that only one VC is formed, and the electron density confined within that single VC is quite modest in comparison to the overall electron density in the device. A considerable number of electrons after escaping from a single VC were lost on the conductive drift-tube wall causing electron loss. This review provides an idea of the formation of multi-VCs in the beam simultaneously. In this way, the generated power of HPM from each newborn VCs sums up to attain better efficiency in one vircator device. Vircator efficiency improved to 28.6% in experiments and 50% in simulations with multiple VCs. This review could be useful in providing a platform for discussing the collective progress made during recent years and highlighting key points for achieving high conversion efficiency that need to be addressed in future studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1069 ","pages":"Pages 1-46"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vibrational resonance: A review 振动共振：综述

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.03.001

Jianhua Yang , S. Rajasekar , Miguel A.F. Sanjuán

{"title":"Vibrational resonance: A review","authors":"Jianhua Yang , S. Rajasekar , Miguel A.F. Sanjuán","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the past two decades, vibrational resonance has garnered significant interest and evolved into a prominent research field. Classical vibrational resonance examines the response of a nonlinear system excited by two signals: a weak, slowly varying characteristic signal, and a fast-varying auxiliary signal. The characteristic signal operates on a much longer time scale than the auxiliary signal. Through the cooperation of the nonlinear system and these two excitations, the faint input can be substantially amplified, showcasing the constructive role of the fast-varying signal. Since its inception, vibrational resonance has been extensively studied across various disciplines, including physics, mathematics, biology, neuroscience, laser science, chemistry, and engineering. Here, we delve into a detailed discussion of vibrational resonance and the most recent advances, beginning with an introduction to characteristic signals commonly used in its study. Furthermore, we compile numerous nonlinear models where vibrational resonance has been observed to enhance readers’ understanding and provide a basis for comparison. Subsequently, we present the metrics used to quantify vibrational resonance, as well as offer a theoretical formulation. This encompasses the method of direct separation of motions, linear and nonlinear vibrational resonance, re-scaled vibrational resonance, ultrasensitive vibrational resonance, and the role of noise in vibrational resonance. Later, we showcase two practical applications of vibrational resonance: one in image processing and the other in fault diagnosis. This presentation offers a comprehensive and versatile overview of vibrational resonance, exploring various facets and highlighting promising avenues for future research in both theory and engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1067 ","pages":"Pages 1-62"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370157324001066/pdfft?md5=c340822d3fb93afe6fecd80ae9aa7153&pid=1-s2.0-S0370157324001066-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140145347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review on Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm and its variants 量子近似优化算法及其变体综述

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.03.002

Kostas Blekos , Dean Brand , Andrea Ceschini , Chiao-Hui Chou , Rui-Hao Li , Komal Pandya , Alessandro Summer

引用次数: 0

Review on f(Q) gravity 审查 f(Q) 引力

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.02.001

Lavinia Heisenberg

{"title":"Review on f(Q) gravity","authors":"Lavinia Heisenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent years have witnessed a rise in interest in the geometrical trinity of General Relativity and its extensions. This interest has been fuelled by novel insights into the nature of gravity, the possibility to address computational and conceptual questions—such as the determination of black hole entropy or the definition of gravitational energy–momentum—from a new perspective. In particular, <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> gravity has also inspired numerous works on black holes, wormholes, and cosmology. In the latter case, <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> models have the potential to elucidate phenomena in both early and late-time cosmology without necessitating the inclusion of dark energy, the inflaton field, or dark matter. Particularly noteworthy is the role of <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> theories in addressing cosmological tensions, presenting exciting possibilities for reshaping our understanding of gravity and its manifestations in cosmology. The emergence of intriguing new black hole solutions and the potential existence of wormhole solutions suggest the presence of novel physics within the realm of strong gravity. These phenomena have become increasingly measurable only in recent times, opening up exciting avenues for further exploration and discovery. This review is tailored to students and researchers alike. It offers a self-contained and pedagogical introduction to metric-affine geometry—The mathematical foundation and indispensable tool upon which the geometrical trinity of General Relativity as well as its various extensions are built.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1066 ","pages":"Pages 1-78"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139943022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lecture notes on generalized symmetries and applications 广义对称及其应用讲义

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.02.002

Ran Luo , Qing-Rui Wang , Yi-Nan Wang

引用次数: 0

Hiding the extra dimensions: A review on scale separation in string theory 隐藏额外维度：弦理论中的尺度分离综述

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.02.003

Thibaut Coudarchet

引用次数: 0

Non-Hermitian topological magnonics 非赫米拓扑磁学

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.006

Tao Yu , Ji Zou , Bowen Zeng , J.W. Rao , Ke Xia

{"title":"Non-Hermitian topological magnonics","authors":"Tao Yu , Ji Zou , Bowen Zeng , J.W. Rao , Ke Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dissipation in mechanics, optics, acoustics, and electronic circuits is nowadays recognized to be not always detrimental but can be exploited to achieve non-Hermitian topological phases or properties with functionalities for potential device applications, ranging from sensors with unprecedented sensitivity, energy funneling, wave isolators, non-reciprocal signal amplification, to dissipation induced phase transition. As elementary excitations of ordered magnetic moments that exist in various magnetic materials, magnons are the information carriers in magnonic devices with low-energy consumption for reprogrammable logic, non-reciprocal communication, and non-volatile memory functionalities. Non-Hermitian topological magnonics deals with the engineering of dissipation and/or gain for non-Hermitian topological phases or properties in magnets that are not achievable in the conventional Hermitian scenario, with associated functionalities cross-fertilized with their electronic, acoustic, optic, and mechanic counterparts, such as giant enhancement of magnonic frequency combs, magnon amplification, (quantum) sensing of the magnetic field with unprecedented sensitivity, magnon accumulation, and perfect absorption of microwaves. In this review article, we address the unified approach in constructing magnonic non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, introduce the basic non-Hermitian topological physics, and provide a comprehensive overview of the recent theoretical and experimental progress towards achieving distinct non-Hermitian topological phases or properties in magnonic devices, including exceptional points, exceptional nodal phases, non-Hermitian magnonic SSH model, and non-Hermitian skin effect. We emphasize the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian approach based on the Lindbladian or self-energy of the magnonic subsystem but address the physics beyond it as well, such as the crucial quantum jump effect in the quantum regime and non-Markovian dynamics. We provide a perspective for future opportunities and challenges before concluding this article.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1062 ","pages":"Pages 1-86"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139714828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0