Physics Reports最新文献_第8页

Advancing time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy: The role of ultrafast laser development 推进时间和角度分辨光电发射光谱：超快激光发展的作用

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2023.09.005

MengXing Na , Arthur K. Mills , David J. Jones

{"title":"Advancing time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy: The role of ultrafast laser development","authors":"MengXing Na , Arthur K. Mills , David J. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2023.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2023.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the last decade, there has been a proliferation of laser sources for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES), building on the proven capability of this technique to tackle important scientific questions. In this review, we aim to identify the key motivations and technologies that spurred the development of various laser sources, from frequency up-conversion in nonlinear crystals to high-harmonic generation in gases. We begin with a historical overview of the field in Section 1, framed by advancements in light source and electron spectrometer technology. An introduction to the fundamental aspects of the photoemission process and the observables that can be studied is given in Section 2, along with its dependencies on the pump and probe pulse parameters. The technical aspects of TR-ARPES are discussed in Section 3. Here, experimental limitations such as space charge and resultant trade-offs in source parameters are discussed. Details of various systems and their approach to these trade-offs are given in Section 4. Within this discussion, we present a survey of TR-ARPES laser sources; a meta-analysis of these source parameters showcases the advancements and trends in modern systems. Lastly, we conclude with a brief discussion of future directions for TR-ARPES and its capabilities in elucidating equilibrium and non-equilibrium observables, as well as its integration with micro-ARPES and spin-resolved ARPES (Section 5).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1036 ","pages":"Pages 1-47"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41228070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pushing the limits of the periodic table — A review on atomic relativistic electronic structure theory and calculations for the superheavy elements 突破元素周期表的极限——原子相对论电子结构理论与超重元素计算综述

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2023.09.004

O.R. Smits , P. Indelicato , W. Nazarewicz , M. Piibeleht , P. Schwerdtfeger

{"title":"Pushing the limits of the periodic table — A review on atomic relativistic electronic structure theory and calculations for the superheavy elements","authors":"O.R. Smits , P. Indelicato , W. Nazarewicz , M. Piibeleht , P. Schwerdtfeger","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2023.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2023.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We review the progress in atomic structure theory with a focus on superheavy elements and their predicted ground state configurations important for an element’s placement in the periodic table. To understand the electronic structure and correlations in the regime of large atomic numbers, it is essential to correctly solve the Dirac equation in strong Coulomb fields, and to take into account quantum electrodynamic effects. We specifically focus on the fundamental difficulties encountered when dealing with the many-particle Dirac equation. We further discuss the possibility for future many-electron atomic structure calculations going beyond the critical nuclear charge <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>crit</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>170</mn></mrow></math></span>, where levels such as the <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span> shell dive into the negative energy continuum (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>κ</mi></mrow></msub><mo><</mo><mo>−</mo><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub><msup><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>). The nature of the resulting Gamow states within a rigged Hilbert space formalism is highlighted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1035 ","pages":"Pages 1-57"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41227801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finite-time cosmological singularities and the possible fate of the Universe 有限时间宇宙学奇点与宇宙可能的命运

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2023.09.003

Jaume de Haro , Shin’ichi Nojiri , S.D. Odintsov , V.K. Oikonomou , Supriya Pan

{"title":"Finite-time cosmological singularities and the possible fate of the Universe","authors":"Jaume de Haro , Shin’ichi Nojiri , S.D. Odintsov , V.K. Oikonomou , Supriya Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Singularities in any physical theory are either remarkable indicators of the unknown underlying fundamental theory, or indicate a change in the description of the physical reality. In General Relativity<span><span> there are three fundamental kinds of singularities that might occur, firstly the black hole spacelike crushing singularities, e.g. in the Schwarzschild case and two cosmological spacelike singularities appearing in finite-time, namely, the Big Bang singularity and the Big Rip singularity. In the case of black hole and Big Bang singularity, the singularity indicates that the physics is no longer described by the classical gravity theory but some quantum version of gravity is probably needed. The Big Rip is a future singularity which appears in the context of General Relativity due to a phantom scalar field needed to describe the </span>dark energy era. Apart from the Big Rip singularity, a variety of finite-time future singularities, such as, sudden singularity, Big Freeze singularity, generalized sudden singularity, </span></span><span><math><mi>w</mi></math></span><span><span>-singularity and so on, are allowed in various class of cosmological models irrespective of their origin. The occurrence of these finite-time singularities has been intensively investigated in the context of a variety of dark energy, </span>modified gravity, and other alternative cosmological theories. These singularities suggest that the current cosmological scenario is probably an approximate version of a fundamental theory yet to be discovered. In this review we provide a concrete overview of the cosmological theories constructed in the context of Einstein’s General Relativity and modified gravity theories that may lead to finite-time cosmological singularities. We also discuss various approaches suggested in the literature that could potentially prevent or mitigate finite-time singularities within the cosmological scenarios.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1034 ","pages":"Pages 1-114"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41083817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

General probabilistic theories: An introduction 一般概率论:导论

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2023.09.001

Martin Plávala

引用次数: 48

Spin dynamics in van der Waals magnetic systems 范德华磁系的自旋动力学

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2023.09.002

Chunli Tang , Laith Alahmed , Muntasir Mahdi , Yuzan Xiong , Jerad Inman , Nathan J. McLaughlin , Christoph Zollitsch , Tae Hee Kim , Chunhui Rita Du , Hidekazu Kurebayashi , Elton J.G. Santos , Wei Zhang , Peng Li , Wencan Jin

{"title":"Spin dynamics in van der Waals magnetic systems","authors":"Chunli Tang , Laith Alahmed , Muntasir Mahdi , Yuzan Xiong , Jerad Inman , Nathan J. McLaughlin , Christoph Zollitsch , Tae Hee Kim , Chunhui Rita Du , Hidekazu Kurebayashi , Elton J.G. Santos , Wei Zhang , Peng Li , Wencan Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The discovery of atomic monolayer magnetic materials has stimulated intense research activities in the two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials community. The field is growing rapidly and there has been a large class of 2D vdW magnetic compounds with unique properties, which provides an ideal platform to study magnetism in the atomically thin limit. In parallel, based on tunneling magnetoresistance<span><span><span> and magneto-optical effect in 2D vdW magnets and their heterostructures, emerging concepts of spintronic and </span>optoelectronic applications<span> such as spin tunnel field-effect transistors and spin-filtering devices are explored. While the magnetic ground state has been extensively investigated, reliable characterization and control of spin dynamics play a crucial role in designing ultrafast spintronic devices. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) allows direct measurements of magnetic excitations, which provides insight into the key parameters of </span></span>magnetic properties<span> such as exchange interaction, magnetic anisotropy, gyromagnetic ratio, spin–orbit coupling, damping rate, and domain structure. In this review article, we present an overview of the essential progress in probing spin dynamics of 2D vdW magnets using FMR techniques. Given the dynamic nature of this field, we focus mainly on broadband FMR, optical FMR, and spin-torque FMR, and their applications in studying prototypical 2D vdW magnets. We conclude with the recent advances in laboratory- and synchrotron-based FMR techniques and their opportunities to broaden the horizon of research pathways into atomically thin magnets.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1032 ","pages":"Pages 1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6551274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Adaptive dynamical networks 自适应动态网络

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2023.08.001

Rico Berner , Thilo Gross , Christian Kuehn , Jürgen Kurths , Serhiy Yanchuk

{"title":"Adaptive dynamical networks","authors":"Rico Berner , Thilo Gross , Christian Kuehn , Jürgen Kurths , Serhiy Yanchuk","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is a fundamental challenge to understand how the function of a network is related to its structural organization. Adaptive dynamical networks represent a broad class of systems that can change their connectivity over time depending on their dynamical state. The most important feature of such systems is that their function depends on their structure and vice versa. While the properties of static<span> networks have been extensively investigated in the past, the study of adaptive networks is much more challenging. Moreover, adaptive dynamical networks are of tremendous importance for various application fields, in particular, for the models for neuronal synaptic plasticity, adaptive networks in chemical, epidemic, biological, transport, and social systems, to name a few. In this review, we provide a detailed description of adaptive dynamical networks, show their applications in various areas of research, highlight their dynamical features and describe the arising dynamical phenomena, and give an overview of the available mathematical methods developed for understanding adaptive dynamical networks.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1031 ","pages":"Pages 1-59"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2208975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Lattice Boltzmann for non-ideal fluids: Fundamentals and Practice 非理想流体的晶格玻尔兹曼:基础和实践

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2023.07.003

S.A. Hosseini, I.V. Karlin

引用次数: 4

The genomic physics of tumor–microenvironment crosstalk 肿瘤-微环境串扰的基因组物理学

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2023.07.006

Mengmeng Sang , Li Feng , Ph.D. , Ang Dong , Claudia Gragnoli , Christopher Griffin , Rongling Wu , Ph.D.

{"title":"The genomic physics of tumor–microenvironment crosstalk","authors":"Mengmeng Sang , Li Feng , Ph.D. , Ang Dong , Claudia Gragnoli , Christopher Griffin , Rongling Wu , Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2023.07.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2023.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent years have witnessed the explosive application of sequencing technologies to study tumor–microenvironment interactions and their role in shaping intratumoral heterogeneity, neoplastic progression and tumor resistance to anticancer drugs. Statistical modeling is an essential tool to decipher the function of cellular interactions from massive amounts of transcriptomic data. However, most available approaches can only capture the existence of cell interconnections, failing to reveal how cells communicate with each other in (bi)directional, signed, and weighted manners. Widely used ligand–receptor signaling analysis can discern pairwise or dyadic cell–cell interactions, but it has little power to characterize the rock–paper–scissors cycle of interdependence among a large number of interacting cells. Here, we introduce an emerging statistical physics<span> theory, derived from the interdisciplinary cross-pollination of ecosystem theory, allometric scaling law, evolutionary game theory, predator–prey theory, and graph theory. This new theory, coined quasi-dynamic game-graph theory (qdGGT), is formulated as generalized Lotka–Volterra predator–prey equations, allowing cell–cell crosstalk networks across any level of organizational space to be inferred from any type of genomic data with any dimension. qdGGT can visualize and interrogate how genes reciprocally telegraph signals among cells from different biogeographical locations and how this process orchestrates tumor processes. We demonstrate the application of qdGGT to identify genes that drive intercellular cooperation or competition and chart mechanistic cell–cell interaction networks that mediate the tumor–microenvironment crosstalk.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1029 ","pages":"Pages 1-51"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3461033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hall motions in Carroll dynamics 卡罗尔动力学中的霍尔运动

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2023.07.007

L. Marsot , P.-M. Zhang , M. Chernodub , P.A. Horvathy

{"title":"Hall motions in Carroll dynamics","authors":"L. Marsot , P.-M. Zhang , M. Chernodub , P.A. Horvathy","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2023.07.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2023.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>“Do Carroll particles move?” The answer depends on the characteristics of the particle such as its mass, spin, electric charge, and magnetic moment. A massive Carroll particle (closely related to fractons) does not move; its immobility follows from Carroll boost symmetry which implies dipole conservation, but not conversely. A massless Carroll particle may propagate by following the Hall law, consistently with the partial breaking of the Carroll boost symmetry. The framework is extended to Carroll field theory. In <span><math><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span><span> space dimensions, the Carroll group has a two-fold central extension which allows us to generalize the dynamics to massive and massless particles, including anyons. The anyonic spin and magnetic moment combine with the doubly-extended structure parametrized by two Casimir invariants interpreted as intrinsic magnetization and non-commutativity parameter. The extended Carroll particle subjected to an electromagnetic background field moves following a generalized Hall law which includes a Zeeman force. This theory is illustrated by massless, uncharged anyons with doubly-centrally extended structure we call exotic photons, which move on the horizon of a Black Hole, giving rise to an anyonic spin-Hall Effect.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1028 ","pages":"Pages 1-60"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3142592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Geometric and holonomic quantum computation 几何和完整量子计算

IF 3 1区物理与天体物理

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2023.07.004

Jiang Zhang , Thi Ha Kyaw , Stefan Filipp , Leong-Chuan Kwek , Erik Sjöqvist , Dianmin Tong

引用次数: 12