Physics Reports最新文献

{"title":"ICTP lectures on (non-)invertible generalized symmetries","authors":"Sakura Schäfer-Nameki","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>What comprises a global symmetry of a Quantum Field Theory (QFT) has been vastly expanded in the past 10 years to include not only symmetries acting on higher-dimensional defects, but also most recently symmetries which do not have an inverse. The principle that enables this generalization is the identification of symmetries with topological defects in the QFT. In these lectures, we provide an introduction to generalized symmetries, with a focus on non-invertible symmetries. We begin with a brief overview of invertible generalized symmetries, including higher-form and higher-group symmetries, and then move on to non-invertible symmetries. The main idea that underlies many constructions of non-invertible symmetries is that of stacking a QFT with topological QFTs (TQFTs) and then gauging a diagonal non-anomalous global symmetry. The TQFTs become topological defects in the gauged theory called (twisted) theta defects and comprise a large class of non-invertible symmetries including condensation defects, self-duality defects, and non-invertible symmetries of gauge theories with disconnected gauge groups. We will explain the general principle and provide numerous concrete examples. Following this extensive characterization of symmetry generators, we then discuss their action on higher-charges, i.e. extended physical operators. As we will explain, even for invertible higher-form symmetries these are not only representations of the <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span>-form symmetry group, but more generally what are called higher-representations. Finally, we give an introduction to the Symmetry Topological Field Theory (SymTFT) and its utility in characterizing symmetries, their gauging and generalized charges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1063 ","pages":"Pages 1-55"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139726566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single crystal perovskite an emerging photocatalytic and storage material: Synthesis to applications via theoretical insight","authors":"Newmoon Priyadarshini ,&nbsp;Sriram Mansingh ,&nbsp;Kundan Kumar Das ,&nbsp;Ritik Mohanty ,&nbsp;Kaushik Parida ,&nbsp;Gayatree Barik ,&nbsp;Kulamani Parida","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The utilization of solar energy through artificial photocatalysis has emerged as a potential candidate to tackle the surging energy crisis and staggering environmental pollution. The advancement of novel materials is one of the crucial factors for pushing the real-world application of photocatalytic energy generation, and energy storage. Recently, single crystal perovskites (SCPs) have been the show stopper of the current research arena towards projecting a better platform for fundamental research owing to their inherent properties like the absence of grain boundaries, high charge-carrier-mobility, high carrier lifetime, etc. compared to their respective nanocrystalline, and polycrystalline counterparts. This review highlights the recent progress in the rational design of efficient SCPs for photocatalytic applications. The best possible growth mechanism, best-suited characterization techniques, and properties influencing photocatalysis are explicitly covered. Moreover, the raising stability concerns and strategies adopted to address the issues are also discussed. Most importantly, we have elaborated on the fundamental theoretical understanding of SCPs utilizing various computational methods. Furthermore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of current state-of-the-art works on <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> evolution, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>CO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> reduction, and energy storage. To conclude, we outlined the critical challenges and envisioned the future roadmap for the further expansion of SCPs in solar energy conversion and storage applications. We hope this review will provide a new pathway for proper understanding and engineering of SCP-based systems for the rapidly expanding research area of clean energy generation and storage domain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1061 ","pages":"Pages 1-53"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139713735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronization in multiplex networks","authors":"Xiaoqun Wu ,&nbsp;Xiuqi Wu ,&nbsp;Chong-Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Bing Mao ,&nbsp;Jun-an Lu ,&nbsp;Jinhu Lü ,&nbsp;Yi-Cheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Linyuan Lü","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Synchronization in a network of connected elements is essential to the proper functioning of both natural and engineered systems and is thus of increasing interest across disciplines. In many cases, synchronization phenomena involve not just actions within a single network in isolation, but the coordinated and coherent behaviors of several networks interacting with each other. The interactions between multiple systems play a crucial role in determining the emergent dynamics. One paradigm capable of representing real-world complex systems is that of multiplex networks, where the same set of nodes exists in multiple layers of the network. Recent studies have made significant progress in understanding synchronization in multiplex networks. In this review, we primarily focus on two key aspects: structural complexity and dynamical complexity. From the perspective of structural complexity, we present how the topological setting, such as the interlayer coupling pattern, affects the synchronizability of a multiplex network. The structural characteristics of a multiplex network, in particular, give rise to dynamical complexity, including the emergence of intralayer synchronization (within each layer) and interlayer synchronization (between layers). We also discuss the major methods for studying the stability of complete, intralayer, and interlayer synchronization, as well as synchronization control in multiplex networks. Additionally, we briefly introduce some relevant applications. Lastly, the review provides a comprehensive summary of the notable findings in the study of synchronization in multiplex networks, emphasizing the interplay between their structural and dynamical complexities, and identifies open problems that present opportunities for future research in this field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1060 ","pages":"Pages 1-54"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139713747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observational evidence for primordial black holes: A positivist perspective","authors":"B.J. Carr ,&nbsp;S. Clesse ,&nbsp;J. García-Bellido ,&nbsp;M.R.S. Hawkins ,&nbsp;F. Kühnel","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We review numerous arguments for primordial black holes (PBHs) based on observational evidence from a variety of lensing, dynamical, accretion and gravitational-wave effects. This represents a shift from the usual emphasis on PBH constraints and provides what we term a positivist perspective. Microlensing observations of stars and quasars suggest that PBHs of around <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⊙</mo></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> could provide much of the dark matter in galactic halos, this being allowed by the Large Magellanic Cloud microlensing observations if the PBHs have an extended mass function. More generally, providing the mass and dark matter fraction of the PBHs is large enough, the associated Poisson fluctuations could generate the first bound objects at a much earlier epoch than in the standard cosmological scenario. This simultaneously explains the recent detection of high-redshift dwarf galaxies, puzzling correlations of the source-subtracted infrared and X-ray cosmic backgrounds, the size and the mass-to-light ratios of ultra-faint-dwarf galaxies, the dynamical heating of the Galactic disc, and the binary coalescences observed by LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA in a mass range not usually associated with stellar remnants. Even if PBHs provide only a small fraction of the dark matter, they could explain various other observational conundra, and sufficiently large ones could seed the supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei or even early galaxies themselves. We argue that PBHs would naturally have formed around the electroweak, quantum chromodynamics and electron–positron annihilation epochs, when the sound-speed inevitably dips. This leads to an extended PBH mass function with a number of distinct bumps, the most prominent one being at around <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⊙</mo></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, and this would allow PBHs to explain many of the observations in a unified way.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1054 ","pages":"Pages 1-68"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370157323003976/pdfft?md5=a5ce2a94fe3d9fadaea8c56cf91080d0&pid=1-s2.0-S0370157323003976-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"String cosmology: From the early universe to today","authors":"Michele Cicoli ,&nbsp;Joseph P. Conlon ,&nbsp;Anshuman Maharana ,&nbsp;Susha Parameswaran ,&nbsp;Fernando Quevedo ,&nbsp;Ivonne Zavala","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We review applications of string theory to cosmology, from primordial times to the present-day accelerated expansion. Starting with a brief overview of cosmology and string compactifications, we discuss in detail moduli stabilisation, inflation in string theory, the impact of string theory on post-inflationary dynamics (reheating, moduli domination, kination), dark energy (the cosmological constant from a string landscape and models of quintessence) and various alternative scenarios (string/brane gases, the pre big-bang scenario, rolling tachyons, ekpyrotic/cyclic cosmologies, bubbles of nothing, S-brane and holographic cosmologies). The state of the art in string constructions is described in each topic and, where relevant, connections to swampland conjectures are made. The possibilities for novel particles and excitations (axions, moduli, cosmic strings, branes, solitons, oscillons and boson stars) are emphasised. Implications for the physics of the CMB, gravitational waves, dark matter and dark radiation are discussed along with potential observational signatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1059 ","pages":"Pages 1-155"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370157324000103/pdfft?md5=ec0c077b3361ec507b02c6f9789c615c&pid=1-s2.0-S0370157324000103-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139588016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actively and reversibly controlling thermal conductivity in solid materials","authors":"Chenhan Liu ,&nbsp;Chao Wu ,&nbsp;Yunshan Zhao ,&nbsp;Zuhuang Chen ,&nbsp;Tian-Ling Ren ,&nbsp;Yunfei Chen ,&nbsp;Gang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>With the appearance of energy crisis, greenhouse effect, and heat management problem, the control especially the active and reversible control of </span>heat transport<span><span><span> or thermal conductivity<span> is becoming urgent. However, phonon transport as controllable as electron transport has not yet been achieved. The difficulty lies in the lack of direct connection between phonons and external stimuli. To realize the goal of controllable phonon transport, a comprehensive and systematic understanding of thermal switching is essential. Consequently, we review recent progress and efforts on thermal switching in five different types of solid materials including </span></span>ferroelectric materials, </span>ferromagnetic materials<span><span>, nanomaterials and nanostructures, polymers, and </span>phase change materials, considering their thermal switching ability. Within each type of material, different controlling methods are reviewed and the underlying mechanisms are discussed, aimed at improving their thermal switching performance. Among the five types of solid materials, systematic comparison and analysis are provided, aimed at combining the advantages from different materials. In addition, current challenges and future perspectives are provided to highlight new and emerging research directions in this growing field.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1058 ","pages":"Pages 1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139587988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vector-like singlet quarks: A roadmap","authors":"João M. Alves ,&nbsp;G.C. Branco ,&nbsp;A.L. Cherchiglia ,&nbsp;C.C. Nishi ,&nbsp;J.T. Penedo ,&nbsp;Pedro M.F. Pereira ,&nbsp;M.N. Rebelo ,&nbsp;J.I. Silva-Marcos","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We review the theory and phenomenology of isosinglet vector-like quarks (VLQs). In recent years, interest in VLQs has been increasing, due to their contributions to new physics effects that can be tested in experiments at LHC and High-Luminosity LHC. The similarities of models with isosinglet VLQs and the seesaw framework in the leptonic sector are pointed out. The existence of VLQs leads to flavour-changing neutral currents at tree level and deviations from unitarity of the CKM matrix, introducing rich phenomenological implications. These new effects are naturally suppressed by the masses of the new quarks, that are constrained to be above the electroweak scale. In addition, striking new effects can be achieved with the inclusion of an extra complex scalar singlet. Such a minimal extension of the SM can give rise to new sources of CP violation with profound theoretical implications, allowing for a solution to the strong CP problem and a possible explanation for the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. We list and explain strong motivations to consider this class of models. We also briefly review how models with VLQs can be matched to the SM effective field theory (SMEFT). A detailed analysis of flavour observables that can be affected by the presence of VLQs is presented. Current bounds from collider searches of VLQs are summarized. We point out that the discovery of VLQs can be within the reach of present or future colliders being planned.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1057 ","pages":"Pages 1-69"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370157323004374/pdfft?md5=c330135e85434e888eee634a92b8301a&pid=1-s2.0-S0370157323004374-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139503965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemic spreading on higher-order networks","authors":"Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Yanyi Nie ,&nbsp;Wenyao Li ,&nbsp;Tao Lin ,&nbsp;Ming-Sheng Shang ,&nbsp;Song Su ,&nbsp;Yong Tang ,&nbsp;Yi-Cheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Gui-Quan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Gathering events, e.g., going to gyms and meetings, are ubiquitous and crucial in the spreading phenomena, which induce higher-order interactions, and thus can be described as higher-order networks. Recently, uncovering and understanding the interacting mechanisms, spatiotemporal evolving patterns, critical phenomena and phase transitions of higher-order networked epidemic spreading is a very hot challenge in network science. This review introduces recent progress in studying epidemic-spreading dynamics on higher-order networks, emphasizing the contributions from statistical mechanics and network science perspectives. The theoretical methods, critical phenomena, phase transitions, spreading mechanisms, and effects of higher-order network </span>topology for single and interacting epidemic spreading dynamics are presented in detail, and the challenges in this field and open issues for future studies are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1056 ","pages":"Pages 1-70"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139493699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum toroidal algebras and solvable structures in gauge/string theory","authors":"Yutaka Matsuo ,&nbsp;Satoshi Nawata ,&nbsp;Go Noshita ,&nbsp;Rui-Dong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This is a review article on the quantum toroidal algebras, focusing on their roles in various solvable structures of 2d conformal field theory, supersymmetric gauge theory, and string theory. Using <span><math><mi>W</mi></math></span>-algebras as our starting point, we elucidate the interconnection of affine Yangians, quantum toroidal algebras, and double affine Hecke algebras.</p><p>Our exploration delves into the representation theory of the quantum toroidal algebra of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>gl</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> in full detail, highlighting its connections to partitions, <span><math><mi>W</mi></math></span>-algebras, Macdonald functions, and the notion of intertwiners. Further, we also discuss integrable models constructed on Fock spaces and associated <span><math><mi>R</mi></math></span>-matrices, both for the affine Yangian and the quantum toroidal algebra of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>gl</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>.</p><p>The article then demonstrates how quantum toroidal algebras serve as a unifying algebraic framework that bridges different areas in physics. Notably, we cover topological string theory and supersymmetric gauge theories with eight supercharges, incorporating the AGT duality. Drawing upon the representation theory of the quantum toroidal algebra of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>gl</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, we provide a rather detailed review of its role in the algebraic formulations of topological vertex and <span><math><mrow><mi>q</mi><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span>-characters. Additionally, we briefly touch upon the corner vertex operator algebras and quiver quantum toroidal algebras.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1055 ","pages":"Pages 1-144"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037015732300426X/pdfft?md5=95f14e19ad4d816d4f9804f1a1ffb632&pid=1-s2.0-S037015732300426X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139103859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex systems approach to natural language","authors":"Tomasz Stanisz ,&nbsp;Stanisław Drożdż ,&nbsp;Jarosław Kwapień","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The science of complexity aims to answer the question of what rules nature chooses when assembling the basic constituents of matter and energy into structures and dynamical patterns that cascade through the entire hierarchy of scales in the Universe. A related phenomenon – natural language – can successfully mirror such structures as reflected by its ability to encode and transmit information about them and among them. It is thus legitimate to expect that natural language carries the essence of complexity. And indeed, in the human’s speaking and writing it is particularly true that &lt;em&gt;more is different&lt;/em&gt;. Natural language thus deserves a central place in the related quantitative study within the science of complexity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With this in mind the present review summarizes the main methodological concepts used in this domain and documents their applicability and utility in identifying universal as well as system-specific features of natural language in its written representation in several major Western languages. In particular, three main complexity-related current research trends in quantitative linguistics are exhaustively covered. The first part addresses the issue of word frequencies in texts and, in particular, demonstrates that taking punctuation into consideration largely restores scaling whose violation in the Zipf’s law for the most frequent words is commonly modelled by the so-called Mandelbrot’s correction. The second part introduces methods inspired by time series analysis, used in studying various kinds of long-range correlations in written texts. The related time series are generated on the basis of text partition into sentences or into phrases between consecutive punctuation marks. It turns out that these series develop features often found in signals generated by complex systems: the presence of long-range correlations along with fractal or even multifractal structures. Moreover, it appears that the distances between consecutive punctuation marks quite universally across languages comply with the discrete variant of the Weibull distribution&lt;span&gt;, often appearing in survival analysis. In the third part, the application of the network formalism to natural language is reviewed, particularly in the context of word-adjacency networks whose structure reflects the word co-occurrence in texts. Various parameters characterizing topology of such networks can be used for classification of texts, for example, from a stylometric perspective. Network approach can also be applied in semantic analysis to represent a hierarchy of words and associations between them based on their meaning. Structure of such networks turns out to be significantly different from that observed in random networks, revealing genuine properties of language. Finally, punctuation appears to have a significant impact not only on the language’s information-carrying ability but also on its key statistical properties, hence it seems recommended to consider punctuat","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1053 ","pages":"Pages 1-84"},"PeriodicalIF":30.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139029005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}