Etudes Episteme最新文献

{"title":"Prologue : when did the English Reformation happen? A historiographical curiosity and its interpretative consequences.","authors":"A. Ryrie","doi":"10.4000/EPISTEME.1845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/EPISTEME.1845","url":null,"abstract":"In 1991 Diarmaid MacCulloch famously argued that the English Reformation happened – in the face of a persistent myth which denied it. That much is perhaps now widely accepted. Quite what it was that happened naturally remains a subject of contention: too much so for a short essay such as this to make any attempt on it. Our subject here is, or ought to be, altogether more manageable. Which dates we choose to assign to the English Reformation – which was not an event, but is a historians’ imag...","PeriodicalId":40360,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Episteme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45552073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reformation of the Future: Dating English Protestantism in the Late Stuart Era","authors":"Tony Claydon","doi":"10.4000/EPISTEME.1831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/EPISTEME.1831","url":null,"abstract":"In late Stuart England, print genres such as histories and almanacs were happy to put a precise date on the Reformation, but 1517 was not widely memorialised. This was partly because the complex history of English Protestantism meant that different dates for its founding could be canvassed (the arrival of Luther's ideas in the 1520s, Henry VIII's 1532 break with Rome, the reforms of Edward VI's reign (1547-1553) and Elizabeth's ecclesiastical settlement (1558-1599); and because this ambiguous past was used as a weapon in contemporary religious battles. While Anglicans tended to point to the settlements under Henry and Elizabeth as their ideal moment in the past, Dissenters and the more radical wing of the church celebrated the reforms of Edward’s rule and efforts by the Elizabethan puritan movement to perfect worship in England from the 1560s. These disputes first prevented a dating consensus emerging, and then convinced those trying to unite English Protestantism that it was counter-productive to be too precise about Tudor history. Particularly after the 1689 Revolution, commentators tried to resolve the issue by placing the Reformation in the future. The idea that reform still had to be completed provided an unfinished objective to unite different strands of opinion. This enshrined the notion of a long Reformation, that was a process – not an event; and helps explain the great spiritual energy of late Stuart Protestantism.","PeriodicalId":40360,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Episteme","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44180274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quand débute la Réforme en France","authors":"Y. Krumenacker","doi":"10.4000/EPISTEME.1849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/EPISTEME.1849","url":null,"abstract":"Le 31 octobre 1517 est traditionnellement considere comme le debut de la Reforme protestante, meme si la date est contestable. Mais la Reforme francaise n’a aucun point de depart aisement identifiable. Cet article se propose d’examiner les choix successifs faits pour lui donner une origine. Dans un premier temps, il explore quelques ouvrages des quarante dernieres annees, pour constater qu’aucune date ne s’impose et que meme Calvin n’apparait pas toujours comme le pere inconteste de la Reforme francaise. Une seconde partie etudie les commemorations francaises du debut de la Reforme a partir du XIXe siecle ; peu nombreuses, elles font surtout reference a Luther et aux 95 Theses, mais de maniere tres discrete ; les sermons celebrent plutot la Reforme francaise et un protestantisme vu comme une minorite fidele a sa foi dans les persecutions. Parallelement a cela toute une litterature, etudiee en troisieme partie, s’acharne a montrer qu’il n’y a pas de debut car la Reforme francaise se rattache au christianisme primitif par l’intermediaire d’ancetres comme les vaudois et les albigeois ; cette idee, apparue dans la deuxieme moitie du XVIe siecle, est contestee un siecle plus tard, pour renaitre au XIXe dans une optique tres nationaliste et regionaliste. Elle permet ainsi d’affirmer, dans le contexte de l’opposition a l’Allemagne, que la Reforme est purement francaise et independante de Luther. Finalement, face a l’impossibilite de fixer des origines incontestables, on met aujourd’hui davantage en valeur des moments particuliers de l’histoire du protestantisme francais.","PeriodicalId":40360,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Episteme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48402853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: 1517, and all that: dating the beginning of the Reformation in Early Modern Britain and France","authors":"Aude de Mézerac-Zanetti","doi":"10.4000/EPISTEME.1876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/EPISTEME.1876","url":null,"abstract":"As the quincentenary of the posting of the Ninety-five Theses by Martin Luther, 2017 has been a year of commemorations, ending and crowning the Luther Decade in Germany. 31 October 1517 has come to represent much more than Luther’s public protest against indulgences, having long been hailed as the starting point of the Reformation. The anniversary spurred the publication of countless books on Martin Luther’s life, editions of his works, theological treatises, as well as a flurry of publicatio...","PeriodicalId":40360,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Episteme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48657186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confessions, covenants and continuous Reformation in early modern Scotland","authors":"Alasdair Raffe","doi":"10.4000/episteme.1836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/episteme.1836","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article se penche sur la pratique des serments d'alliance religieuse (Covenants) dans l'Ecosse moderne. Les covenants etaient des serments d’alliance publics, pretes en defense de la foi protestante et pour promouvoir une Reforme tant nationale qu'individuelle. Si ces serments avaient des points communs avec les confessions de foi que l'on trouve partout en Europe a cette epoque, ils avaient la particularite d'etre employes en temps de crise et centres sur les doctrines qui etaient au cœur des controverses du moment. Cet article retrace les origines de cette tradition ecossaise, puis en presente les principaux avatars: la Negative Confession de 1581, le National Covenant de 1638 et le Solemn League and Covenant de 1643. Ces covenants, pretes de maniere repetee et a l'echelle nationale propagerent l'idee que l'Ecosse etait une nation en alliance avec Dieu et que ces serments devaient etre regulierement renouveles. Les covenants ont aussi ancre l'idee que la Reforme etait un processus continu : une quete incessante de perfectionnement et la promotion d’un etat de perpetuelle vigilance contre le peche et l'erreur. Le covenant fut renouvele en 1648 par la nation toute entiere, puis par des groupes de plus en plus restreints de presbyteriens radicaux en 1666, 1689, 1712 et 1743. Ces renouvellements successifs n'avaient pas de fonction commemorative mais constituent une reaffirmation de ces principes intemporels. La pratique des covenantaires en est alors venue a symboliser la resistance au controle du roi sur l'Eglise et a la mouvance liberale au sein de celle-ci.","PeriodicalId":40360,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Episteme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46331537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Célébrer la providence divine. Jubilé et culture commémorative réformée (Genève, XVIe-XVIIe siècle)","authors":"C. Grosse","doi":"10.4000/EPISTEME.1810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/EPISTEME.1810","url":null,"abstract":"If reformation commemorations began in Germany in 1617, using the posting of Luther's 95 theses as a date of reference, it is only a century later that a commemoration culture emerged in Geneva. This article examines the reasons for this delay. One factor was theological: the rejection of the jubilee as a Catholic practice. The other is related to the persistence of a conception of history in which events related to the conversion of the city to the Reformation, were read as a spiritual history, in which divine providence was the main actor, rather than as a temporal history, depending mainly on human action. The notion of Geneva being an elected city, and the object of particular divine protection, is central to this conception. The article argues that elements of public commemoration practice were gradually set up, first through the erection of a monument (1558), then through the definition of a proper reformed way of celebrating a jubilee (1635). These steps led to the first public celebration of the bicentenary of the Genevan Reformation in 1735.\u0000Si les commemorations de la Reforme prennent en Allemagne leur essor des 1617, en s’appuyant sur l’affichage par Luther de ses theses en 1517 comme date de reference, une culture commemorative ne se developpe veritablement a Geneve qu’avec un siecle de retard. Ce texte examine les raisons, notamment theologiques, de ce retard. Il demontre qu’il decoule du rejet des pratiques catholiques, mais aussi de la persistance d’une conception de l’histoire dans laquelle les evenements lies a la conversion de la cite a la Reforme s’inscrivent davantage dans le cadre d’une histoire spirituelle, dont la providence divine est l’acteur principal, qu’a l’interieur d’une histoire temporelle, dont les hommes seraient les premiers auteurs. Cette conception se fixe autour de l’idee que Geneve est une ville elue, objet d’une protection divine particuliere. Le texte montre que des elements d’une pratique commemorative publique se mettent cependant progressivement en place, d’abord par l’erection d’un monument (1558), puis par la definition d’une maniere proprement reformee de celebrer le jubile (1635). Ces jalons rendront possible la premiere commemoration veritablement publique de la Reforme en 1735.","PeriodicalId":40360,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Episteme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45041850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"English Evangelical Historians on the Origins of “the Reformation”","authors":"Susan Royal","doi":"10.4000/EPISTEME.1859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/EPISTEME.1859","url":null,"abstract":"Although Luther’s protest of indulgences in 1517 is often considered to be the point of origin for “the Reformation”, first- and second-generation English evangelicals understood that origin differently. Knowing their fledgling movement needed to be grounded in history for legitimacy, evangelicals searched historical records for evidence of their movement prior to Luther’s protest. This essay examines the work of two leading historians during the English Reformation, John Bale (d. 1563) and John Foxe (d. 1587), to analyze what they made of the beginnings of the English Reformation. Specifically, it explores the place of the lollards, late medieval English dissenters condemned by the Church, in the histories written by Bale and Foxe between the 1540s and 1570. It argues that Bale and Foxe saw their own reform movement through an apocalyptic prism; reading the historical records through the light of Scripture, especially the Book of Revelation, led them to recognize the career of John Wyclif (d. 1384), the putative progenitor of the lollards, as the beginning of the final age of the world. Alongside Bale and Foxe, Luther, William Tyndale (d. 1536) were living at the end of that age. The essay concludes that early English evangelicals understood “the Reformation” to be a process, not a single event, and this is further demonstrated by a brief case study examining the issue of vernacular Scripture in the reform movement.","PeriodicalId":40360,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Episteme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43583244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Célébration et disqualification de la parole visionnaire : Marie des Vallées entre disciples et détracteurs","authors":"Antoinette Gimaret","doi":"10.4000/EPISTEME.1512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/EPISTEME.1512","url":null,"abstract":"Marie des Vallees (1590-1656) est une figure mystique controversee du XVIIe siecle. Cette communication cherchera, apres une presentation breve de son cas, a confronter le temoignage de ses defenseurs (en premier lieu son directeur, saint Jean Eudes, auteur d’une Vie admirable de Marie des Vallees redigee autour de 1655-1656) et les pamphlets contemporains qui la visent, afin d’interroger la reception problematique du discours visionnaire et sa condamnation comme langage dissident. Le recit des visions participe clairement de l’entreprise hagiographique mene par le pere Eudes et s’inscrit dans un processus de legitimation personnelle et institutionnelle. Au contraire, dans les ecrits pamphletaires des annees 1674-1675 (la Lettre a un docteur de Sorbonne de Charles Dufour ; Le Catechisme des visionnaires attribue a Louis Le Bourgeois), la parole visionnaire est denoncee comme une parole heterodoxe, non pas par le recours a des arguments dogmatiques mais grâce a des procedes de reecriture relevant du pastiche, de la parodie ou encore de la reecriture burlesque. Ces strategies de reecriture visent a suggerer plus efficacement encore que le discours mystique n’est lui-meme que manipulation du langage et effet de style.","PeriodicalId":40360,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Episteme","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70105814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the Church of England in Italy in the Early Modern Times: British Reconciliations in the Documentation of the Inquisition of Pisa","authors":"Stefano Villani","doi":"10.4000/episteme.1775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/episteme.1775","url":null,"abstract":"The documents of the Roman Inquisition evidence the semantic embarrassment of the Inquisitors to define the members of the Church of England. The expression “of the Anglican sect of Protestants” is very rarely used for them. More often the British are defined as Calvinists or as Lutherans, more rarely as “Protestant heretics of England”, or as of the “mixed religion, part of Luther and part of Calvin.” The schemes crystallized in the Inquisitorial manuals present a conceptual framework that obviously did not work well for Protestants who were neither Lutherans nor Calvinists. The mechanical application of these uncertain definitions demonstrates not only the lack of a more sophisticated interpretative paradigm but also the bureaucratic nature of many of the inquisitorial proceedings.","PeriodicalId":40360,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Episteme","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43087411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’univers physiopsychologique des malades au XVIIIe siècle : « une pratique » du sensible","authors":"M. Louis-Courvoisier","doi":"10.4000/episteme.1742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/episteme.1742","url":null,"abstract":"Les consultations epistolaires constituent une archive genereuse pour qui s’interroge sur l’articulation entre langage, experience sensible, et souffrance psychophysiologique. Cet article se concentre sur le langage utilise par les patients quand ils s’adressent au Dr Samuel Auguste Tissot (1728-1797), medecin lausannois de renommee europeenne. Une lecture repetee et precise de ces documents met en lumiere les strategies rhetoriques mises en œuvre par les malades pour decrire une interiorite corporelle qui depasse le cadre des theories medicales de l’epoque, et qui echappe a nos categories contemporaines. Les expressions auxquelles ils recourent, des associations syntaxiques particulieres, de meme que l’ambiguite semantique de nombreux termes, revelent un univers perceptuel et cognitif deroutant pour le lecteur d’aujourd’hui, une experience du sensible qui ne nous est plus familiere, dont on retrouve pourtant des traces, notamment chez les poetes. Il y a un lien entre la pratique du sensible et une conscience linguistique de soi, selon le terme de Jean Starobinski. Ce lien est lie au contexte historique, valorise dans la pratique medicale de la medecine des Lumieres, neglige dans celle de la medecine positiviste, mais rehabilite recemment dans le cadre des maladies chroniques.","PeriodicalId":40360,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Episteme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48255315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}