Journal of Sugarbeet Research最新文献_第9页

Sugarbeet Response To Nitrogen At Four Harvest Dates 四个收获期甜菜对氮素的响应

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.36.4.33

J. Eckhoff

{"title":"Sugarbeet Response To Nitrogen At Four Harvest Dates","authors":"J. Eckhoff","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.36.4.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.36.4.33","url":null,"abstract":"Early sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) harvest in the Northern Great Plains extends the processing period by a month or more. Early harvest starts before optimum sugarbeet yield and quality are achieved, so practices which increase yield or quality of early harvested sugarbeet are valuable. Nitrogen (N) management is an important component of sugarbeet production that may be a way to improve yield and quality of both early and late harvested sugarbeet. Yield and quality of sugarbeet to three rates of fertilizer N were evaluated when harvested at different dates. The study was conducted under furrow fl ood irrigation from 1992 to 1995 at the Eastern Ag ricultural Research Center in Sidney, Montana. AppJied N was based on a budget that considered residual soil N to 120 cm, N expected to be mineralized from organic matter, and expected yield. Three rates of N, 75%, 100%, and 125% of the recommended N rate (5 kg for each Mg of expected root yield ) were applied in random strips through the field prior to planting by knifing liquid N (28-0-0) between rows. Four harvest dates were the beginning of early harvest, the begin ning of main harvest, a date midway between the first and third dates, and a date near the end of the main harvest cam paign. The lowest N rate usually resulted in greater sucrose content, and greater extraction than the recommended and increased N rates. Economic returns for sugarbeet fertilized with each N rate varied from year to year, but on average, the recommended N rate resulted in greatest income per acre at the earliest harvest date and the latest harvest date, the low est N rate resulted in greatest income at the later date of the early harvest period, and increased N rate resulted in the","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128533981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Encapsulation, Germination, and Conversion of Somatic Embryos in Sugarbeet 甜菜体细胞胚的包封、萌发和转化

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.36.4.11

C. Tsai, J. Saunders

{"title":"Encapsulation, Germination, and Conversion of Somatic Embryos in Sugarbeet","authors":"C. Tsai, J. Saunders","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.36.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.36.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) somatic embryos of biotech clone REL-2, obtained from callus grown with absci sic acid, were encapsulated with 2 % alginate and sub sequently germinated and converted into plantlets, in initial efforts necessary for eventual routine produc tion of artificial seeds. Factors examined were embryo size, alginate companion solution, cold storage dura tion, and germination substrate. Unencapsulated so matic embryo length category (0.5-1.9,2.0-2.9, or 3.0 3.9 mm) did not affect germination (98,99, 100%) or conversion (87, 89, 87%, respectively) rates into com plete plantlets on hormone-free Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium. Alginate companion solutions (either hor mone-free MS medium or H 20) had no differential ef fect on germination rate (100%) but did differ in con verting embryos to plantlets (81 vs. 64%, respectively). Subsequent experiments examining duration of cold storage of encapsulated embryos at 4°C found no lower rate of conversion at 25°C after 21 days of cold com pared with unstored embryos, but after 64 days of cold, the germination and conversion rates (70 and 45 %, respectively) at 25°C of embryos encapsulated with alginate in MS medium were lower compared with unstored embryos. With alginate in H20, germination after 64 days of storage at 4°C was 60%, and conver","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121176860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Effect of Seed Type, Planter Type and Depth of Planting on Sugarbeet Emergence! 种子类型、种植类型和种植深度对甜菜出苗的影响!

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.36.4.1

C. Yonts, John A. Smith, R. Wilson

引用次数: 1

Acid Beverage Floc from Sugar Beets 甜菜中的酸性饮料絮团

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.36.3.15

M. Clarke, E. Roberts, M. Godshall

{"title":"Acid Beverage Floc from Sugar Beets","authors":"M. Clarke, E. Roberts, M. Godshall","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.36.3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.36.3.15","url":null,"abstract":"Acid beverage floc (ABF), a flocculated turbid material that can form in sugar-sweetened, acidified, carbonated beverages after several days standing, is a customer problem to beverage bottlers and their suppliers of sugar. ABF from beet sugar has been reported to he caused by a saponin from the beet plant, and recent work has shown the presence of several saponins in sugarbeet. ABF from cane sugar is caused when a negatively charged cane polysaccharide forms a colloidal network with protein under acid conditions. Our investigations show that isolation and test procedures for saponins, as reported in the literature, are actually for oleanolic acid. ABF from beet sugar is proposed to have a two factor basis: a negatively charged component and a positively charged component interact at acid beverage pH, forming a coacervate and subsequently coagulating into a floc. The negatively charged factor can be oleanolic acid, any of the saponins that contain a glucuronic acid moiety, or beet cell wall polysaccharide containing uronic acids. The positively charged component can he protein or peptide, with isolectric point above the beverage pH of 2.5 to 3.0. ABF can he made by adding these components to non-floccing sugars.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115899589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Decrease in disease severity in sugarbeet in an established Rhizoctonia crown and root rot nursery 在已建立的根核菌树冠和根腐病苗圃中，甜菜疾病严重程度降低

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.36.3.29

J. Halloin, W. Bugbee, A. Lammers

{"title":"Decrease in disease severity in sugarbeet in an established Rhizoctonia crown and root rot nursery","authors":"J. Halloin, W. Bugbee, A. Lammers","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.36.3.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.36.3.29","url":null,"abstract":"A disease nursery used for more than 20 years to evaluate resistance of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) to crown and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani (AG 2-2) has failed in recent years to produce disease suitably severe to discriminate between resistant, partially resistant, and susceptible lines. Experiments were done to determine if biological control of the pathogen was responsible for the reduced disease severity. Highly susceptible to highly resistant sugarbeet lines were planted in the established nursery and in adjacent fields with no prior history as sugarbeet root rot disease nurseries. In each of 3 years, the disease was more severe at the new sites than in the established nursery. The weight of non-inoculated roots was similar at the two sites. Microbiological assays of soil from the sites revealed no quantitative differences in populations of microorganisms antagonistic to R. solani that were consistent with biological control of disease. Greenhouse experiments revealed no difference in seedling growth as a result of the site of soil origin, andautoclaving of soil did not produce the increase in disease severity that would be anticipated with biological control of the pathogen. Soil analyses of likely disease suppressing edaphic factors revealed no consistent differences between sites. Thus, artificial epiphytotics of crown and root rot caused by R. solani were more severe in new sites than in an established disease nursery, but the reasons for this difference remain obscure.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129242169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of planting date on stand, yield and quality of sugarbeet 播期对甜菜立地、产量和品质的影响

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.36.3.1

C. Yonts, R. Wilson, John A. Smith

引用次数: 4

Effect of Insecticide Placement on the Phytotoxicity of Planting Time Insecticides and Their Interaction with Herbicides 施用杀虫剂对种植期杀虫剂植物毒性的影响及其与除草剂的相互作用

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.32.4.185

G. Hein, R. Wilson

{"title":"Effect of Insecticide Placement on the Phytotoxicity of Planting Time Insecticides and Their Interaction with Herbicides","authors":"G. Hein, R. Wilson","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.32.4.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.32.4.185","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of insecticide placement on phytotoxicity to sugarbeet. A greenhouse study showed that post planting chlorpyrifos application did not damage sugarbeet as much as similar applications at planting. The lack of differences in sugarbeet injury between the placement of chlorpyrifos in the furrow (T-band) and on the surface indicates that surface applications can cause significant damage. In two field studies we found that insecticide placement was an important factor in determining the potential for insecticide phytotoxicity on sugarbeet. The greatest injury was obtained when chlorpyrifos, fonofos, and terbufos were placed behind the furrow openers and in front of the press wheel. This placement would be the most likely to result in closer association between the insecticide granules and the seed. Both the modified in-furrow chlorpyrifos treatment and the band in front of the press wheel resulted in substantial sugarbeet damage, even at the lower rates. Insecticide bands ahead of the planter unit resulted in intermediate damage. Band applying the insecticides to the rear of the press wheel resulted in the least phytotoxicity. Apparently, the sealing action of the press wheel reduces the contact with the seed and prevents the insecticide from mixing in the upper layers of the soil. Insecticide placement behind the press wheel provided the best protection from phytotoxicity ; however, even this placement did not eliminate the potential for phytotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128346372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Somatic Embryos from Callus of Sugarbeet Biotecllnology Clone REL-l 甜菜生物技术无性系rel - 1愈伤组织的体细胞胚胎

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.32.4.215

Chia-Jung Tsai, J. Saunders

{"title":"Somatic Embryos from Callus of Sugarbeet Biotecllnology Clone REL-l","authors":"Chia-Jung Tsai, J. Saunders","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.32.4.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.32.4.215","url":null,"abstract":"Somatic embryos could be used fo r proliferati ve propagation or for gene transfer procedures in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) if adequate methods for initiation and development could be devi sed. With sugarbeet model clone REL-1, plating of fresh suspension culture cells grown with hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium onto further ho'rmone-free MS medium elicited a low frequency of somatic embryogenesis, about one embryo per ml of suspension used. The incl usion of 0.1 or 0.3 mg/ I abscisic acid (ABA) in the plating medium increased the number of somatic embryos in this system. A combination of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (1 mg/ 1) and ABA (0.1 mg/ 1) gave the highest somatic embryo yield, 15 em bryos per ml of suspension. After 22 to 40 days, embryos at various stages, ranging from globular, heart, and torpedo shaped embryos to mature opaque white embryos with cotyledons and radicles, were present at the callus surface. The external morphology of several somatic embryos was examin ed by scanning electron microscopy. The somatic embryos developed into normal plantlets, including betalain pigmen tation on hypocotyls, after being transferred onto hormone free MS medium. The conversion rate of somatic embryos of different lengths (1 , 2, 3 mm) into complete plantlets was si milar (78, 81 and 86070, respectively). Secondary em bryogenesis, which would be useful in providing somatic em bryos for gene transfer purposes, was not observed in this study.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"51 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113934193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Dinitroaniline herbicide carry over to sugarbeet 二硝基苯胺除草剂对甜菜的影响

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.32.4.201

R. Wilson, P. Shea, D. Tupy

引用次数: 4

Cercospora beticola tolerant to triphenyltin hydroxide 对三苯基氢氧化锡耐的斑点斑孢虫

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.32.4.167

W. Bugbee

引用次数: 42