Journal of Sugarbeet Research最新文献_第10页

USDA-ARS Sugarbeet Releases 美国农业部发布了Sugarbeet

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.32.4.227

D. Doney

{"title":"USDA-ARS Sugarbeet Releases","authors":"D. Doney","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.32.4.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.32.4.227","url":null,"abstract":"It wasn't until the 1920s, due to the curly top virus, that the USDA became significantly involved in sugarbeet breeding. Early efforts were located at Salt Lake City, UT and Riverside, CA. Additional stations were added at Salinas, CA; Beltsville, MD; Ft. Collins, CO; East Lansing, MI; and Fargo, ND. Since then, the breeding programs at the Riverside, Salt Lake City, and Beltsville stations have been closed. The first USDA releases were developed for curly top resistance. Since then, breeding responsibilities among USDA breeders haye been for resistance to sugarbeet diseases and pests. Additional efforts have focused on breeding methods, bolting resistance, cytoplasmic male sterility, O-type maintainers, sugar and root yield, smooth roots, and integration of wild germplasm. The development of monogerm and cytoplasmic male sterile lines by USDA breeders were landmark achievements for the in dustry and are of world wide importance. Early releases (cultivar or hybrid) were for direct commercial use; however, recent efforts have been for parental lines and/or enhanced germplasm. Prior to 1955, releases were shared with the in dustry with little public documentation. From 1956 to 1970, releases were through the Beet Sugar Development Foundation (BSDF). Since 1971, an official USDA-ARS release document has been issued and signed by all involved agenci es (USDA ARS, BSDF, State Experiment Stations, etc). About half of the releases have been registered in Crop Science, with seed deposited in the National Seed Storage Laboratory at Ft. Col lins, CO and documented in the Germplasm Resources Infor mation Network (GRIN) data base. A listing of all releases (over 800), along with codes, citations and limited descriptions has been prepared. While it is difficult to quantify the impact USDA-ARS sugarbeet releases have had on industry, it is ob vious that they are a major factor in the survival and stability of the sugarbeet industry. Additional Key Words: disease resistance, monogerm, male sterility, storage, breeding locations, release notices and codes, citations.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115315244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Split Application of Nitrogen on Irrigated Sugarbeet 灌溉甜菜分施氮肥

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.32.4.175

J. Eckhoff

{"title":"Split Application of Nitrogen on Irrigated Sugarbeet","authors":"J. Eckhoff","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.32.4.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.32.4.175","url":null,"abstract":"Fertilizer nitrogen (N) on sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) must be managed carefully to optimize sucrose yield. Excess N reduces sucrose content and increases impurities, while N deficiency reduces root yield and consequently, sucrose yield. The objective of this study was to compare response ofsugarbeet produced using the recommended rate of N with sugarbeet produced using a reduced rate of N with three ap plication schedules. The study was conducted for three years under furrow flood irrigation at Sidney, Montana. Soil was tested to 120 cm to determine residual soil N, and applied N rates were calculated. The recommended rate of N or 80070 of the recommended rate was applied under three strategies: 1) a single preplant application, 2) a single postemergence ap plication, and 3) a split application with a small portion ap plied preplant and the remainder applied post emergence. Petiole nitrate contents were measured several times during the season in two of the three years. Root yield, sucrose COlt tent and yield, and root impurities were measured. June petiole nitrate contents were greatest when all N was applied preplant and continued to be greatest in July. By August, no difference in petiole nitrate was detected among treatments, indicating rapid uptake of available N early in the season. Root yield was not affected by N rate or time of application. Sucrose content was reduced when N was applied in a single postemergence application at both N rates. Reduced N resulted in significantly lower amino-N content, but timing of N application had no effect on impurities. Harvest date in all years was relatively early. Greater differences in response to N rate may have been seen at a later harvest date. Additional key words: nitrogen management, Beta vulgaris, root yield, sucrose","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133611742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Response of sugarbeet, common sunflower, and common cocklebur to clopyralid or desmidipham plus phenmedipham 甜菜、普通向日葵和普通鸦耳对氯吡啉或地米地芬加苯咪那芬的反应

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.32.2.89

R. Wilson

引用次数: 7

Row Spacing and Plant Density Effects on Smooth Root Sugarbeets 行距和密度对顺根甜菜的影响

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.32.2.69

J. Theurer, J. Saunders

{"title":"Row Spacing and Plant Density Effects on Smooth Root Sugarbeets","authors":"J. Theurer, J. Saunders","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.32.2.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.32.2.69","url":null,"abstract":"Agronomic performance of smooth root (SR) type sugarbeet genotypes was compared with that of standard commercial cultivars under different row spacings and plant densities during the years 1988-1990. In one experiment smooth root types SR 87 and 87H1-00 were compared with commercial cultivars MH E-4 and ACH 176 in plant population densities of approximately 69,200 ; 96,800 ; and 79,100 plants ha-'. Individual plant spacings were 71 cm (between rows) x 20 cm (between plants within rows), 56 x 20 cm, and 46 x 46 cm respectively. In a second experiment in 1989, SR 87 was compared with MH E-4 at six plant spacings of 71 x 30 cm, 56 x 30 cm, 46 x 30 cm, 71 x 15 cm, 56 x 15 cm, and 46 x 15 cm. This experiment was repeated in 1990 with these six plus two additional plant densities, 51 x 30 cm and 51 x 15 cm. Although SR sugarbeets have a different fibrous root system than today's standard root type, there were no adverse effects of SR plants when grown in narrow rows under higher plant densities compared with present conventional 71 cm row width. Smooth root sugarbeet genotypes responded to plant density in different environments similarly to adapted standard root commercial cultivars. SR productivity was enhanced when sugarbeets were grown at the higher density of 71,760 plants ha -1 (46 row width x 30 cm plant spacing).","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126215836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Sugarbeet pre-breeding in India 印度的甜菜预育种

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1995-04-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.32.2.99

H. M. Srivastava

引用次数: 7

Initial field evaluation of sulfonylurea herbicide resistant sugarbeet from somatic cell selection 甜菜抗磺酰脲除草剂的体细胞选择初步田间评价

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1994-07-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.31.3.97

S. E. Hart, J. Saunders, D. Penner, K. Renner

{"title":"Initial field evaluation of sulfonylurea herbicide resistant sugarbeet from somatic cell selection","authors":"S. E. Hart, J. Saunders, D. Penner, K. Renner","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.31.3.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.31.3.97","url":null,"abstract":"Field studies were conducted with a sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding line segregating for monogenic dominant sulfonylurea herbicide resistance conditioned by the Sur 1 allele and obtained from somatic cell selection. Sulfonylurea herbicide resistant and susceptible sublines were compared to each other and to the commercially available susceptible cultivar MONO-HY E4 in regards to root yield, sugar content, and processing purity. In addition, the response of MONO-HY E4 and the sulfonylurea resistant and susceptible counterparts to simulated carryover sulfonylurea residues in soil and to postemergence (POST) applications of selected sulfonylurea herbicides was evaluated. In the absence of herbicides, counterpart resistant and susceptible sugarbeets produced similar root yield, sugar content, and clear juice purity at both locations. Nicosulfuron applied preplant incorporated (PPI) at 9 g ai ha −1 to simulate carryover in soil had no effect on the growth of sugarbeets from the resistant population or from the susceptible MONO-HY E4 cultivar seeded immediately after application. Primisulfuron and chlorimuron applied PPI at 10 and 3 g ai ha −1 , respectively, caused over 95% visible injury to the susceptible MONO-HY E4 sugarbeet 6 weeks after treatment (WAT), but had no adverse effect on the growth of resistant sugarbeet. POST application of primisulfuron at 40 and 80 g ai ha −1 , and thifensulfuron at 4 and 8 g ha −1 (one and two times the normal field use rate for corn and soybean, respectively), caused less than 15% visible injury to the resistant sugarbeet 4 WAT, but caused severe injury to the susceptible MONO-HY E4 sugarbeet. The sulfonylurea resistant sugarbeet was tolerant to POST applications of primisulfuron at four times and thifensulfuron at two times the field use rate. This magnitude of resistance is great enough for effective use of primisulfuron and thifensulfuron for weed control in sulfonylurea resistant sugarbeet","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125447823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Rhizoctonia Root Rot on Sugar beet Cultivars Having Varied Degrees of Resistance 不同抗性甜菜品种根腐病的发生

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1994-07-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.31.3.135

E. Ruppel, R. J. Hecker

引用次数: 11

Canada Thistle Control and Competition in Sugarbeets 加拿大甜菜中的蓟病控制和竞争

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1994-07-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.31.3.87

Stephen D. Miller, K. J. Fornstrom, A. Mesbah

引用次数: 7

Agronomic Comparison of Different Types of Smooth Root and " Soil Free" Sugarbeet 不同类型平根甜菜与“无土”甜菜的农艺比较

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1994-07-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.31.3.105

J. Theurer

{"title":"Agronomic Comparison of Different Types of Smooth Root and \" Soil Free\" Sugarbeet","authors":"J. Theurer","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.31.3.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.31.3.105","url":null,"abstract":"FieJd experiments were conducted for 3 years in Michigan to compare growth characteristics and agronomic performance of sugarbeet genotypes differing in their taproot architecture. Genotypes were MH E4, ACH 176, and ACH 185, aU commercial hybrids with standard grooved taproots; SR87, a conical-shaped smooth root (SR) genotype; A90MM, a gl obe-shaped SR experimental triploid hybrid from the Netherlands; and Univers, a European commercial variety that has low soil tare at harvest. A90MM differed from aU other genotypes, having only about 50070 of the root underground. Averaged over years, root yield for SR87 was si gnificantly greater than for A90MM, Univers, and MH E4. Sucrose content for SR87 and A90MM was 1-2 percent of root fresh weight lower than for the U.S. commercial varieties. SR87 was equal to the commercial varieties and greater than A90MM in sucrose yield per hectare. Little difference was observed in clear juice purity. A90MM had about half the soil tare of SR87 and Univers and about one-fourth that of the standard grooved root varieties. A90MM had the disadvantage of often being dislodged from the row when tops were removed with a rotobeater. With current sugarbeet defoliators and harvesters, conical-shaped smooth root beets would have the more desirable architecture.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127716136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Selection for Delayed Leaf Senescence in Sugarbeet 甜菜叶片延迟衰老的选择

Journal of Sugarbeet Research Pub Date : 1994-07-01 DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.31.3.143

D. Doney, Roy J. Martens

引用次数: 2