Journal of Sugarbeet Research最新文献

{"title":"Genetic variation for drought stress in sugarbeet.","authors":"S. Y. Sadeghian, H. Fazli, R. Mohammadian, D. Taleghani, M. Mesbah","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.37.3.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.37.3.55","url":null,"abstract":"Fluctuation in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield in semi-arid regions often can be attributed to duration and intensity of drought stress. In this study, 49 diverse breeding lines were evaluated for root yield, sugar content, sugar yield, and white sugar yield, with adequate water and under two levels of drought stress at Karadj and Mashhad in 1996, 1997, and 1998. All lines were not evaluated each year; however, some lines were grown in all environments. Water stress was initiated at about the six-leaf stage. In Karadj, the stress was continuous throughout the growing season. In Mashhad, the stress period was limited to 50 days. The five indexes used to identify high-yielding genotypes in both the stressed and non-stressed environments were: stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance (TOL), stress tolerance index (STI), yield stability index (YSI), and mean productivity (MP). Root yield and sugar yield exhibited large differential genotypic responses to drought stress. Some high yielding genotypes were productive in stress and non-stress environments. Stress applied either for a limited period (Mashhad) or throughout the growing season (Karadj) gave similar results, with effects of the long-term stress being more pronounced. Under severe drought stress, root yield, sugar yield, and white sugar yield decreased to 59%, 59%, and 60%, respectively, of the values obtained with adequate water; whereas, sugar content increased 6%. Root yield, sugar yield, white sugar yield, and sugar content decreased under drought condition at Mashhad to 72%, 67%, 64%, and 95% of the well-watered sugarbeet, respectively. The stress tolerance index (STI) effectively distinguished genotypes with high yield in both stressed and non-stressed environments. Selection based primarily on root yield in diverse environments is suggested as a breeding strategy for developing productive sugarbeet genotypes with broad adaptation.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"24 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113974776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences Between Patterns of Gene :Flow Inferred from RFLPs and Isozymes in Sea Beet are Consistent across Loci","authors":"A. Raybould, R. Clarke","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.37.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.37.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of allelic variation at genetic marker loci can be used to estimate parameters such as rates of gene flow and effective population size in populations of crop relatives. These data are useful when designing strategies for the most efficient collection of crop genetic resources. Estimates of gene flow among populations of sea beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima) differed depending on whether the data were from isozymes or restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The difference was not due to the effect of one or a small subset of aberrant' loci within one of the sets of markers. The data suggest that, where practical, sampling strategies should be based on data from more than one type of genetic marker.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129448755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity in Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima under subtropical climate of North India","authors":"H. M. Srivastava, H. Shahi, R. Kumar, S. Bhatnagar","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.37.3.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.37.3.79","url":null,"abstract":"Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima is generally a self­ incompatible, cross pollinated perennial species which grows from Mediterranean coasts to European Atlantic coasts. Thirty-four accessions of this species obtained from the BGRC collection located at Braunschweig (Germany) were evaluated for nine quantitative traits under the sub­ tropical climate of North India. The characters studied were root weight, root length, crown size, number of rings, shape and color of leaf, leaf length and width, the ratio of leaf length to leaf width, petiole length, flowering (annual! biennial), and tolerance to temperatures of40°C and above. Multivariate analysis revealed variation within and among groups of accessions and identified important traits to consider in a selection program. Four principal compo­ nents (PCs) accounted for 82% of the variability. The first PC accounted for 44 % of the variability and was as­ sociated with root weight, root length, and crown diam­ eter. The second PC was associated with top weight and accounted for 20% of the variability. Cluster analysis by a non-hierarchical method resulted in six clusters, the larg­ est cluster having nine genotypes, the smallest two.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130013827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of weed beet in Germany and Italy","authors":"T. Mücher, P. R. Hesse, Matthias Pohl-Orf, N. Ellstrand, D. Bartsch","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.37.3.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.37.3.19","url":null,"abstract":"Weedy annual forms of beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cause crop failure and complicate the harvest and processing of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. altissima) in several areas of Europe. Hybridization between sugarbeet and wild annual forms of sea beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima) in the French sugarbeet seed production area is a major source of weed beet in northwestern Europe. In the other principal seed production area, the Italian Po-Valley, inland wild beet is absent but local annual weed beet plants grow near sugarbeet seed production fields, suggesting an important role for this primary' weed beet in seed contamination. Because both coastal sea beet and primary weed beet forms could be sources for seed contamination and distribution of secondary' weed beet into German sugarbeet production areas, morphological and genetic traits of German and Italian weed beet were compared. Frequency of multigerm plants, frequency of annuals, hypocotyl color, and genetic relationships revealed by RAPD-PCR were examined. Results of the research indicate that: 1. German weed beet had some similarity to sugarbeet, but the weed beet clearly had a hybrid ancestry that included annual wild beet of unknown origin. 2. Italian weed beet had some similarity to sugarbeet, but the weed beet clearly had a hybrid ancestry that included annual sea beet. 3. German weed beet usually grows far away from coastal sea beet. The annual weed beet must have arrived as a contaminant of sugarbeet seed, and therefore is of secondary' origin. 4. Italian weed beet biotypes were hybrids, but they could be 'primary', as the result of hybrid seed produced in seed production fields or in wild coastal populations, or they could be 'secondary' as contaminants of sugarbeet seed sold to Italian farmers. These results supported the hypothesis, that primary weed beet in Italy is likely to be responsible for the production of secondary weed beet, which is sold as contaminants to farmers in Italy and Germany. Therefore, contamination avoidance strategies in seed production areas should concentrate both on the control of weedy primary-type beet as well as isolation from wild sea beet. Additional","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130547706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal inheritance of sugar concentration.","authors":"M. Jassem, E. Śliwińska, W. Pilarczyk","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.37.2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.37.2.41","url":null,"abstract":"Sugar concentration in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) root is controlled by the additive effects of numerous polygenes; hence, the possibility of increase due to heterosis is small. High sugar content must he expressed in all cultivar components, namely male sterile lines and pollinators. Field trials showed that sugar content in the progeny obtained from crossing high sugar content (Z-type) and high yielding, low sugar lines (E-type) depends to a greater extent on the maternal rather than the paternal component. This maternal effect can be used in developing cultivar components and when determining hybrid composition.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134543562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defoliation of sugarbeet: Effect on root yield and quality","authors":"G. Stallknecht, K. M. Gilbertson","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.37.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.37.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"A three-year study was conducted to evaluate the effect of defoliation on the yield and quality of sugarbeet grown in south central Montana. Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants were subjected to a single defoliation of 30, 60, or 100% on six dates from July 1 through September 16 in 1991, and seven dates from June 12 and 15 through September 12 and 10 in 1992 and 1993 respectively. Root yield, sucrose content (with the exception of 60% defoliation on July 29, 1993), and sucrose yield (with the exception of 60% defoliation on July 9,1992) were not significantly reduced by 30 or 60% defoliation over the three year study or by 100% defoliation at the mid-June dates in 1992 and 1993. ()ne hundred percent defoliation in late June or early July, mid-July, in mid-August, or in mid-September reduced sugarbeet root yield by an average of 23, 27, 20 and 10%, respectively, averaged over the three-year period. Sucrose content was significantly reduced by 100% defoliation later in the season, from mid-August through mid-September in each year ol the study. Sucrose yield as affected by root yield, sucrose content or both, was significantly reduced by 100% defoliation from late June or July through mid-September in 1991 and 1993, and from late June through August 28 in 1992. Defoliation did not affect sucrose loss to molasses or percent root tare.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"517 1-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134164727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of methanol on sugarbeet yield and photosynthesis.","authors":"L. Panella, J. Nishio, S. S. Martin","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.37.2.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.37.2.55","url":null,"abstract":"Foliar application of methanol has improved growth and productivity experimentally in a number of agricultural crops. To test the possibility that methanol application might improve sugarbeet yield, we conducted a replicated field study at Fort Collins, Colorado in 1994 with two commercial sugarbeet varieties (Monohikari, Beta 2398) and one public breeding line (FC709-2). Methanol was foliarly applied at about ten day intervals throughout the growing season starting at 40 dap. Plants were treated with 50% methanol plus 0.1% Triton-X surfactant, or 50% methanol plus 0.1% Triton-X plus 0.2% monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a nitrogen source. Control plants received no spray treatment. Two regimes of irrigation were included, one that provided water at a level typical of commercial growing practice and one in which about 50% as much water was applied on the same schedule, intentionally causing chronic water stress. Photosynthetic gas exchange was determined on August 26 and September 8 at mid-day on a subset of plots. Root yield and percentage root sucrose were determined at harvest, and sucrose yield was calculated from those values. The summer was warm and dry in 1994 and even plants in the higher irrigation regime were water-stressed (i.e., wilted at mid-day), and no significant differences in root yield, percent root sucrose, or sucrose yield occurred due to irrigation treatment. Significant differences for each of the three parameters occurred among varieties and for methanol treatments. Both methanol treatments resulted in significantly lower root weight and sucrose yield than the control, and methanol plus MSG application resulted in significantly lower root weight and sucrose yield than application of only methanol. Percentage sucrose was statistically similar in control and methanol treatments, but treatment with methanol plus MSG resulted in lower percentage sucrose. Photosynthesis was increased in methanol treated plots, but this result was not consistent. If methanol treatment resulted in higher photosynthesis in the short term, this may have resulted in greater above-ground growth at the expense of root growth and root sucrose storage, which could account for the observed lower root and sucrose yield in the treated plots. If early-season methanol application timing and concentration could be adjusted to stimulate early canopy formation, so that maximal light interception could be achieved earlier in the season, this might lead to increased sucrose yield at harvest.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117119299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High soil moisture effects on pupation of sugarbeet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis (Roder) (Diptera: Otitidae).","authors":"I. MacRae, J. S. Armstrong","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.37.2.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.37.2.33","url":null,"abstract":"The sugarbeet root maggot (SBRM), Tetanops myopaeformis Roder, is the most important insect pest of sugarbeet in the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota. During the flood year of 1997, the adult emergence model for this pest failed to predict a late, prolonged emergence of adults. Low soil moisture has previously been reported to prevent SBRM development. It was suspected, because of the high soil moisture resulting from the flood in 1997, that an upper threshold of soil moisture also may exist above which SBRM do not successfully complete development. Developmental trials were conducted in controlled environment chambers to characterize this threshold. SBRM had significantly greater pupal mortality in soils with greater than 45% soil moisture by weight. Soils ranging from 10% to 30% soil moisture by weight had no significant effect on SBRM pupal development.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"428 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115646742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fodder beet and sugarbeet breeding, germplasm collection, and utilization in Lithuania.","authors":"R. Tamošiūnienė","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.37.3.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.37.3.49","url":null,"abstract":"Fodder beet and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding programs were initiated in Lithuania in 1933. Two multi­ germ and one monogerm sugarbeet varieties were released between 1947 and 1971. Fodder beet breeding was contin­ ued until 1996, with the development of eight varieties. Research on fodder beet and sugarbeet genetic resources in Lithuania was started in 1994, under control of the In­ dustrial Crop Group. All genebank activities relating to sugarbeet and fodder beet genetic resources are based at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture. Currently seven accessions (mostly old Lithuanian varieties) are kept in long-term storage facilities. Other accessions are in work­ ing collections and seed is available for exchange with other genebanks.","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131166947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction Between Triflusulfuron and Organophosphate or Carbamate Insecticides in Sugarbeet","authors":"Robert W. Downard, D. Morishita, A. Dexter, R. Wilson, G. Hein","doi":"10.5274/JSBR.36.4.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5274/JSBR.36.4.47","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted in Idaho, Nebraska, and North Dakota to evaluate interactions between postemergence applications of the herbicides triflusulfuron, a nd a premix of desmedipham plus phenmedipham (1:1 ratio) with at-planting applications of the insecticides terbufos, aldicarb, chlorpyrifos or chlorpyrifos applied postemergence in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L). In North Dakota, banding terbufos 15G or chlorpyrifos 15G at planting reduced injury from postemergence herbicides as compared to modified in-fur­ row (MIF) insecticide plus postemergence herbicides. Triflusulfu r on gave less sugarbeet injury than triflusulfuron plus desmedipham and phenmedipham when applied to sugarbeet previously treated with insec­ ticide. Terbufos 20CR in combination with postemergence herbicides had greater crop safety than terbufos 15G. In Nebraska, terbufos 15G and chlorpyrifos 15G at-plant­ ing plus triflusulfuron postemergence gave less injury com­ pared to at-planting insecticides plus desmedipham and phenmedipham alone or in combination with triflusulfuron. Chlorpyrifos applied postemergence after herbicide application increased sugarbeet injury compared to chIorpyrifos applied postemergence alone. Triflusulfuron or desmedipham and phenmedipham ap­","PeriodicalId":403165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sugarbeet Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124904467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}