德国和意大利杂草甜菜的特性

T. Mücher, P. R. Hesse, Matthias Pohl-Orf, N. Ellstrand, D. Bartsch
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引用次数: 23

摘要

杂草丛生的一年生甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)造成作物歉收,并使甜菜(Beta vulgaris ssp.)的收获和加工复杂化。在欧洲的几个地区。甜菜与野生一年生海甜菜的杂交。法国甜菜种子生产区的maritima)是欧洲西北部杂草甜菜的主要来源。在另一个主要的种子生产区,意大利Po-Valley,内陆没有野生甜菜,但在甜菜种子生产地附近生长着当地的一年生杂草甜菜,这表明这种初级杂草甜菜在种子污染中起着重要作用。由于沿海海甜菜和原生杂草甜菜都可能是德国甜菜产区种子污染和次生杂草甜菜分布的来源,因此比较了德国和意大利杂草甜菜的形态和遗传性状。分析了RAPD-PCR显示的多胚植物频率、一年生植物频率、下胚轴颜色和亲缘关系。研究结果表明:1。德国杂草甜菜与甜菜有一些相似之处,但杂草甜菜显然有一个杂交祖先,其中包括来历不明的一年生野生甜菜。2. 意大利杂草甜菜与甜菜有一些相似之处,但杂草甜菜显然有一个杂交祖先,其中包括一年生的海甜菜。3.德国杂草甜菜通常生长在远离海岸的海甜菜。一年生杂草甜菜一定是作为甜菜种子的污染物到达的,因此是次级来源。4. 意大利杂草甜菜的生物型是杂交品种,但它们可能是“初级的”,因为在种子生产领域或野生沿海种群中生产的杂交种子,或者它们可能是“次级的”,因为出售给意大利农民的甜菜种子的污染物。这些结果支持了一个假设,即意大利的初级杂草甜菜可能会导致次级杂草甜菜的生产,这些次级杂草甜菜作为污染物出售给意大利和德国的农民。因此,种子产区的污染预防策略应集中在杂草型甜菜的控制和与野生海甜菜的隔离上。额外的
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Characterization of weed beet in Germany and Italy
Weedy annual forms of beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cause crop failure and complicate the harvest and processing of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. altissima) in several areas of Europe. Hybridization between sugarbeet and wild annual forms of sea beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima) in the French sugarbeet seed production area is a major source of weed beet in northwestern Europe. In the other principal seed production area, the Italian Po-Valley, inland wild beet is absent but local annual weed beet plants grow near sugarbeet seed production fields, suggesting an important role for this primary' weed beet in seed contamination. Because both coastal sea beet and primary weed beet forms could be sources for seed contamination and distribution of secondary' weed beet into German sugarbeet production areas, morphological and genetic traits of German and Italian weed beet were compared. Frequency of multigerm plants, frequency of annuals, hypocotyl color, and genetic relationships revealed by RAPD-PCR were examined. Results of the research indicate that: 1. German weed beet had some similarity to sugarbeet, but the weed beet clearly had a hybrid ancestry that included annual wild beet of unknown origin. 2. Italian weed beet had some similarity to sugarbeet, but the weed beet clearly had a hybrid ancestry that included annual sea beet. 3. German weed beet usually grows far away from coastal sea beet. The annual weed beet must have arrived as a contaminant of sugarbeet seed, and therefore is of secondary' origin. 4. Italian weed beet biotypes were hybrids, but they could be 'primary', as the result of hybrid seed produced in seed production fields or in wild coastal populations, or they could be 'secondary' as contaminants of sugarbeet seed sold to Italian farmers. These results supported the hypothesis, that primary weed beet in Italy is likely to be responsible for the production of secondary weed beet, which is sold as contaminants to farmers in Italy and Germany. Therefore, contamination avoidance strategies in seed production areas should concentrate both on the control of weedy primary-type beet as well as isolation from wild sea beet. Additional
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