Esclavages & Post-esclavages最新文献

{"title":"Who Did What When? Acknowledging Collaborative Contributions in Digital History Projects","authors":"H. Lovejoy","doi":"10.4000/slaveries.2717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/slaveries.2717","url":null,"abstract":"Using the example of Liberated Africans (www.liberatedafricans.org/), this paper examines the difficulties of citing, and assigning credit for, highly collaborative digital humanities research projects in the context of tenure, promotion and the job market. This digital history project traces the lives of tens of thousands of individuals the British recaptured during their efforts to suppress and abolish the slave trade leaving Africa after 1807. The creation, development, release and relaunch of new versions of open source websites and digital archives sometimes build and expand upon the historiography, archival digitization efforts, metadata development, previously published datasets, and often other digital projects. The creation, expansion and relaunch of Liberated Africans would not have been possible without the international and interdisciplinary collaboration and contributions of historians, archivists, computer programmers, digital humanities centers, graduate research assistants and granting agencies. This paper discusses the collaborative process involved in the relaunch of the second version of Liberated Africans in 2018 and serves as an example of how a timestamped project history can assess and recognize individual contributions within a major digital research project which depends on the involvement and input of an interdisciplinary network. This digital project history discusses the many contributors to the historiography, efforts to digitize primary source materials, initial website design, website redevelopment and dataset contributions. It is argued that the publishing of project histories is best practice for understanding the distinction between individual research contributions and service contributions within the burgeoning area of digital humanities research. Without opportunities to publish project histories in peer reviewed journals, digital projects might not be acknowledged as meaningful research contributions and might not receive the same recognition as traditional print publications.","PeriodicalId":402021,"journal":{"name":"Esclavages & Post-esclavages","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124407415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards an Indian Ocean and Maritime Asia Slave Trade Database: An Exploration of Concepts, Lessons and Models","authors":"S. S. Nicolaas, M. V. Rossum, U. Bosma","doi":"10.4000/slaveries.2946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/slaveries.2946","url":null,"abstract":"While over the last three decades the Transatlantic Slave Trade Database (TASTD) has mobilized an astounding scholarly energy, the history of the slave trade in Asia has so far remained underdeveloped. Although numerous scholarly articles have indicated the widespread presence of slavery and the slave trade throughout maritime Asia from the early modern period well into the 19th century, estimates for the slave trade in the Indian Ocean are still tentative, and tend to focus especially on the (western) Indian Ocean region. Since 2015 an international group of researchers has come together to work towards consolidating research on the slave trade in Asia and East Africa. This article discusses a core activity of this group, namely the development of the Indian Ocean and Maritime Asia Slave Trade Database (ESTA) which is hosted at the International Institute of Social History in close collaboration with the Bonn Center for Dependency and Slavery Studies, Linnaeus University and ENS Lyon. We explore and evaluate the applicability of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database to the Asian context. We subsequently identify the specificities of the Indian Ocean and Indonesian Archipelago sources and patterns of slave trading, and their implications for possible datamodel designs. The article further underlines the importance of the ESTA database for comparative research reaching across colonial powers, local and global systems of slavery, across wider-ranging and more strongly defined ‘regions’ within the Indian Ocean Maritime Asia world, and even beyond to the transatlantic slave trade. A vital aim in the construction of a comprehensive Indian Ocean and Indonesian Archipelago database is the recording and reconstruction of the slave trade, especially in light of the entanglements of global long-distance slave trading with local systems of slavery and forced labour. The article identifies several challenges in the exploration of the historical and historiographic contexts and proposes and evaluates two database models, concluding with the advances made and the challenges ahead.","PeriodicalId":402021,"journal":{"name":"Esclavages & Post-esclavages","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132072429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’esclavage domestique au Togo","authors":"Alessandra Brivio","doi":"10.4000/slaveries.1266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/slaveries.1266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":402021,"journal":{"name":"Esclavages & Post-esclavages","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115408565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Franck Collin, Jean Moomou & Caroline Séveno (dir.), Éduquer en pays dominé (Afrique, Amériques, Europe)","authors":"Céline Labrune-badiane","doi":"10.4000/slaveries.1379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/slaveries.1379","url":null,"abstract":"Coordonne par Franck Collin, specialiste de litterature antique et medievale, Jean Moomou et Caroline Seveno, tous deux historiens de la Guyane et des Antilles, aux epoques moderne et contemporaine, et enseignants a l’universite des Antilles, Eduquer en pays domine aborde la question des « traces laisse[es] [par] les faits de domination » (p. 17) dans l’education. L’ouvrage montre comment la production et la transmission de representations et d’imaginaires, ont permis et perpetue la dominatio...","PeriodicalId":402021,"journal":{"name":"Esclavages & Post-esclavages","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128079299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Présentation","authors":"G. Ciarcia","doi":"10.4000/slaveries.1356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/slaveries.1356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":402021,"journal":{"name":"Esclavages & Post-esclavages","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122847142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les représentations du bateau négrier dans le cinéma et les séries télévisées nord‑américains","authors":"M. Lepers","doi":"10.4000/slaveries.1817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/slaveries.1817","url":null,"abstract":"Si les esclaves noirs ont toujours ete representes dans les films de plantation du cinema hollywoodien, la traversee de l’Atlantique – le Passage du milieu – est quant a elle restee largement ignoree par les productions. Penses par et pour un public blanc, les films adoptaient le plus souvent la perspective des maitre.sse.s du sud de l’antebellum, neutralisant ainsi l’esclavage comme scandale historique. Le retournement du point de vue des colons blancs aux esclaves noirs dans le sillage de mouvements comme la blaxploitation permet l’apparition des premieres images de la traversee transatlantique au tournant des annees 1970‑1980. Deux series de representation du Passage du milieu emergent alors : l’adaptation televisuelle de Racines (Roots, ABC, 1977), le roman historique d’Alex Haley et, plus tard, Amistad (Steven Spielberg, 1997). Palliant un manque criant d’images et s’appuyant sur des sources documentaires assez proches – les memoires de Olaudah Equiano, notamment –, les deux productions sont pendant longtemps les seules a proposer des images explicites de la traversee. Elles s’imposent de fait comme des modeles de representation, dont s’inspirent deux series nord‑americaines sur l’esclavage en 2015‑2016 : The Book of Negroes (Clement Virgo, CBC, 2015) et le remake eponyme de Racines (Will Packer, History Channel, 2016). A travers ces quatre productions, cet article entend analyser les conventions de mise en scene de la traversee transatlantique dans les productions audiovisuelles americaines. Il propose, pour ce faire, de s’interesser en details au navire negrier, un decor souvent neglige au profit d’autres espaces typiques du recit esclavagiste, de l’Afrique paradisiaque au Vieux Sud, utopique ou decadent. Le vaisseau est d’abord percu comme un lieu de violence extreme, dont l’architecture incarne le traumatisme physique et psychique de la commodification (la transformation des corps noirs esclavises en objets a marchander). Pour autant, en depit de sa violence, ce decor s’envisage egalement comme un lieu de resistance, voire comme un « lieu de memoire » (Pierre Nora) : theâtre de la revolte, il rend aux esclaves noirs du cinema et des series americaines une histoire et des origines, et participe ainsi a la restauration de leur agency. Reste cependant a questionner le type de memoire du Passage du milieu et de l’esclavage que fait emerger ce decor dans les productions cinematographiques et televisuelles americaines : en ne s’attardant que sur la violence individuelle de la traversee, les films et series analyses perdent de vue l’esclavage comme systeme, et participent ainsi a minimiser les responsabilites historiques des nations engagees dans la traite.","PeriodicalId":402021,"journal":{"name":"Esclavages & Post-esclavages","volume":"51 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120876769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Espaces mémoriels et esthétique du trauma","authors":"Myriam Moïse","doi":"10.4000/slaveries.1942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/slaveries.1942","url":null,"abstract":"Le projet poetique de la Jamaicaine-Americaine Lorna Goodison presente des resonances communes avec la poesie de la Trinidadienne-Canadienne M. NourbeSe Philip. A travers une selection de textes, cet article met en exergue la representation des traumas du passe esclavagiste et la reecriture de l’histoire au cœur de la relation intrinseque entre individus et espaces, entre corps et lieux. Chez un certain nombre d’autrices de la diaspora afro-caribeenne, une esthetique du trauma transparait et resonne au cœur meme des lieux de memoire ; qu’il s’agisse des oceans, des ports negriers, des champs de canne a sucre ou des bateaux negriers, ces espaces memoriels sont empreints des traumas historiques lies au systeme esclavagiste. Loin de limiter ces lieux a des espaces mortuaires marques par les crimes de la traite et de la mise en esclavage, Goodison et Philip les transforment en espaces de questionnement et de recreation des identites diasporiques afro-caribeennes. Chez Lorna Goodison, la reecriture de l’Histoire s’opere a travers une poetique de la resistance et une critique acerbe de l’exploitation des Afro-descendantes, de la periode esclavagiste a la (neo)colonisation, et de la Jamaique aux Ameriques. Souvent associee a la dub poetry, genre rythme par le reggae jamaicain, la poesie orale de Lorna Goodison depeint des espaces et des individus marques par les stigmates de l’esclavage et de la colonisation. Chez NourbeSe Philip, cette reecriture consiste en une revision profonde d’evenements historiques, particulierement dans son dernier recueil poetique Zong! (2008) qui retrace l’episode traumatique de ce bateau negrier, tout en rehabilitant les voix des Africains jetes a l’eau lors de la traversee transatlantique. Philip envisage la poesie de Zong! comme une performance, comme un chant sacre dont les vers fragmentes expriment l’impossibilite de dire son histoire autrement que dans une langue transculturelle et polyphonique. Il s’agira donc d’explorer les creations poetiques hybrides de Goodison et de Philip qui participent toutes deux d’une esthetique du trauma en transformant les lieux traumatiques en espaces d’expression poetique et de renouvellement des subjectivites feminines diasporiques.","PeriodicalId":402021,"journal":{"name":"Esclavages & Post-esclavages","volume":"23 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128173692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marcel Dorigny, Arts & lettres contre l’esclavage","authors":"Elvan Zabunyan","doi":"10.4000/slaveries.1446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/slaveries.1446","url":null,"abstract":"C’est avec des vers d’Aime Cesaire que Maryse Conde conclut sa preface d’Arts & Lettres contre l’esclavage (p. 9). Elle precise que le Cahier d’un retour au pays natal (1956) est pour Marcel Dorigny le « plus beau texte publie contre l’esclavage » (p. 9). En parlant de la « negraille », evoquant les Africain·e·s captif·ve·s sur le bateau negrier, Cesaire ecrit : « debout dans la cale / debout dans les cabines / debout sur le pont / debout dans le vent / debout sous le soleil / debout dans le ...","PeriodicalId":402021,"journal":{"name":"Esclavages & Post-esclavages","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133537370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Éditorial","authors":"Myriam Cottias, C. Flory","doi":"10.4000/slaveries.2162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/slaveries.2162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":402021,"journal":{"name":"Esclavages & Post-esclavages","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121713062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photographier les mémoires de l’esclavage","authors":"Nicola Lo Calzo","doi":"10.4000/slaveries.1121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/slaveries.1121","url":null,"abstract":"La serie photographique « Tchamba » est le fruit de deux voyages que j’ai entrepris au Togo et au Benin entre 2011 et 2017. Elle explore la complexite du vodun Tchamba, une pratique unique en son genre, qui incorpore les ambiguites propres a la memoire de l’esclavage et ses multiples significations au sein de la societe locale. Tchamba est l’esprit des esclaves, hommes et femmes, qui ont ete deportes du nord vers le littoral meridional dans le cadre de l’esclavage local et, plus largement, de la traite europeenne des Africains. L’esprit de la personne morte en esclavage revient aupres des descendants de ceux qui l’on possedee et exige d’etre respecte et honore par des prieres et des ceremonies, faute de quoi il peut conduire la famille a la ruine, a la maladie, voire a la mort.Les photographies ici presentees nous renseignent sur la maniere dont les adeptes de Tchamba se reapproprient la memoire de l’esclavage au sein de leur histoire familiale, et sur la maniere dont cette memoire est constamment reactualisee et readaptee en fonction des besoins propres a chacun. La serie « Tchamba » s’inscrit dans un projet photographique de plus large envergure entame en 2010 sur les traces et les manifestations contemporaines des memoires de l’esclavage colonial, de ses resistances et de ses abolitions a travers l’Afrique, l’Europe et les Ameriques : le projet « Cham ».","PeriodicalId":402021,"journal":{"name":"Esclavages & Post-esclavages","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131909628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}