Organic Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Effect of emissive ligand number on the optoelectronic properties of dendronised heteroleptic green emitting iridium(III) complexes","authors":"Manikandan Koodalingam,&nbsp;Mile Gao,&nbsp;Junhyuk Jang,&nbsp;Paul L. Burn,&nbsp;Jos C.M. Kistemaker,&nbsp;Emma V. Puttock,&nbsp;Paul E. Shaw","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We compare first- and second-generation dendrimers with biphenyl-based dendrons and green emissive homoleptic or heteroleptic <em>fac</em>-iridium(III) complex cores. The core complexes had one, two or three 2-phenylpyridyl ligands, which were responsible for the emission of light. The dendronised co-ligand, 5-phenyl-1-methyl-3-<em>n</em>-propyl-1<em>H</em>-1,2,4-triazole, was found not to contribute to the colour of the emission. The first- and second-generation dendrimers that had two emissive 2-phenylpyridyl ligands were found to have high solution photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of nearly 90 % whereas the homoleptic dendrimers and the one with a single emissive ligand had PLQYs of around 70 %. The PLQY values decreased in the solid-state, with the second-generation dendrimer with a single emissive ligand found to have the highest neat film PLQY of 55 %. This was attributed to the dendronised co-ligand acting as a self-host to reduce the intermolecular interactions that lead to the quenching of the luminescence. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) composed of neat films of the dendrimers had relatively poor performance, with unbalanced charge transport and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.5 % for the second-generation dendrimer with a single emissive ligand. OLEDs with an emissive layer composed of a blend of the dendrimers in tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine all had similar current density-voltage characteristics, with the EQEs following the observed trend in the solution PLQY values. The OLED with the blend emissive layer containing the first-generation dendrimer with two emissive ligands was found to have an EQE of up to 14.1 %. Thus, both dendrimer generation and the number of emissive ligands can be used to control OLED performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 107192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of high capacitance of solution-processed polymer heterojunction gate dielectrics on the contact resistance of low-voltage n-channel organic transistors","authors":"Walid Boukhili ,&nbsp;Swelm Wageh ,&nbsp;Xiang Wan ,&nbsp;Zhihao Yu ,&nbsp;Chee Leong Tan ,&nbsp;Huabin Sun ,&nbsp;Yong-Young Noh ,&nbsp;Kang-Jun Baeg ,&nbsp;Yong Xu ,&nbsp;Dongyoon Khim","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transistors should operate at lower voltages due to heat dissipation, reliability, technology scaling, compatibility, and signal issues. The importance of dielectric materials in low-voltage applications is significant, although, in organic transistors, experimental findings frequently do not correspond with existing theoretical frameworks. There is a lack of research, particularly in the field of n-type organic transistors. Here, the influences of high dielectric capacitance on the performance of low voltage n-channel organic field-effect transistors based on poly([N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)) (P(NDI2OD-T2) OFETs) were examined. Utilizing a low-<em>k</em> dielectric as the initial layer enhances the semiconductor interface for n-channel transport while varying the thickness of a high-<em>k</em> dielectric as the subsequent layer alters the total capacitance (ranging from 13.7 to 29.7 nFcm⁻²). The performance of low-voltage P(NDI2OD-T2) OFETs has been improved in multiple electrical parameters through the utilization of a high dielectric capacitance with a well-optimized interface. The increased capacitance of P(NDI2OD-T2) OFETs resulted in reduced trap density and contact resistance, leading to a transition from contact-dominated to channel-dominated transport behavior, where a boundary of capacitance around 20 nFcm⁻² is recognized in this study. Our research provides an understanding of the operational mechanisms of n-channel OFETs and important information for enhancing low-voltage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 107191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of excess charge carriers and optimization of InP quantum-dot light-emitting diodes using self-assembled monolayers","authors":"Taewoong Yoo ,&nbsp;Beomsoo Chun ,&nbsp;Donghyo Hahm ,&nbsp;Wan Ki Bae ,&nbsp;Taesoo Lee ,&nbsp;Jeonghun Kwak","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>InP-based quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation displays, yet their development remains challenging due to charge imbalances caused by the difference in electron and hole injection. Moreover, it is still debated whether the excess carriers are electrons or holes. In this study, we address this challenge by introducing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) between the electron transport layer (ETL) and QDs. By employing two distinct SAMs with opposite dipole moments—4-methoxybenzoic acid (MBA) and 4-cyanobenzoic acid (CBA)—we provide direct evidence that electrons are in excess in InP QLEDs. The contrasting charge injection modulation effects of these SAMs enabled this clear identification of the excess carriers. Additionally, the SAMs improved surface morphologies and effectively passivated surface defects on the ZnO ETL, mitigating exciton quenching. As a result, MBA-treated QLEDs demonstrated superior device efficiencies compared to pristine or CBA-treated devices, attributed to the suppression of electron injection from the ETL to the QDs. We believe this study offers valuable insights for optimizing QLED performance through precise charge carrier modulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 107190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing performance of a photomultiplication-based broadband photodetector with porphyrin MOF-ZnO nanocomposite","authors":"Medha Joshi ,&nbsp;Sampati Rao Sridhar ,&nbsp;Upendra Kumar Verma ,&nbsp;Varun Kumar Singhal ,&nbsp;Brijesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a nanocomposite using ZnTCPP MOF and ZnO nanoparticles is synthesized. A broadband photodetector is optimized using this nanocomposite to enhance the performance of a photomultiplication-based organic photodetector. Various weight percentages (w/w%) of ZnO were incorporated in the ZnTCPP metal-organic framework precursor during synthesis, and material parameters were analyzed via structural and chemical analysis methods. These nanocomposites were incorporated in the P3HT:PCBM matrix in a 1:1:0.5 wt ratio, and photodetectors were fabricated with an inverted structure (ITO/TiO₂/Active Layer/Al). A reference device with P3HT:PCBM and ZnO nanoparticles is fabricated and compared. Photomultiplication is observed in all the devices, with the devices with nanocomposite showing enhanced quantum efficiency and responsivity. The best-performing ZnTCPP@ZnO-based device reported the highest EQE of 10827 % at 510 nm for a given bias of −5 V. Photomultiplication is attributed to the trap states created due to the TiO₂/active layer interface and the presence of ZnO in the active material. ZnO acts as a hole-blocking component, giving rise to charge accumulation and, subsequently, tunneling electrons. These devices have shown high responsivity (44.53 A/W), small rise time/fall time (61.7 ms/107.6 ms), and high detectivity (7.2 × 10¹¹ Jones) at a given bias voltage of −5 V.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 107184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecularly imprinted (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polymer based electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensor","authors":"Ganesan Kaniraja ,&nbsp;Murugesan Karthikeyan ,&nbsp;Marimuthu Dhinesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Periyasamy Ananthappan ,&nbsp;Anaswara Anil ,&nbsp;Vairathevar Sivasamy Vasantha ,&nbsp;Karuppiah Arunsunai Kumar ,&nbsp;Chandran Karunakaran","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glucose plays a pivotal role as a vital biological marker in the diagnosis of diabetes, showcasing its potential utility for the early detection of diabetes mellitus (DM) in this study. Hence, a glucose sensor was developed for the non-enzymatic measurement of glucose. This sensor utilizes a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) attached to a conducting poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) layer. Here, the monomer EDOT was electropolymerized on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with template glucose present to create the sensitive layer. Furthermore, electrochemical characterizations were performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on a PBS solution containing 5 mM K₄[Fe(CN)₆]/K₃[Fe(CN)₆] as a redox probe. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the generated sensors were morphologically described. Specifically, this glucose sensors linear response was within the range of 0.5 mM–6.5 mM, and its low detection limit was 0.025 mM (sensitivity: 0.036 mM μA⁻¹). Moreover, the applicability of the technique was successfully confirmed with the detection of glucose in biological (human plasma) samples. Our study demonstrated a low-cost, simple, and effective sensing platform for non-enzymatic glucose detection, making it a feasible tool for the future progress of accurate and reliable non-invasive diabetes mellitus diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 107181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient greenish-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence Zn complex for organic light emitting devices","authors":"Chih-Pin Han ,&nbsp;Chao-Hsien Hsu ,&nbsp;Ching-Yuan Chu ,&nbsp;Tzu-Hao Huang ,&nbsp;Chih-Lun Yi ,&nbsp;Ken-Tsung Wong ,&nbsp;Jake A. Tan ,&nbsp;Wen-Yi Hung ,&nbsp;Man-kit Leung ,&nbsp;Pi-Tai Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A greenish-blue zinc complex <strong>Zn(PhOBz)-PXZ</strong> with enhanced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties has been prepared from Zn(OAc)₂ and <strong>4PXZ2OHBz</strong>, a 2-(1<em>H</em>-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenol-based TADF ligand. The TADF phenomenon has been confirmed by time-resolved photoluminescence (TrPL) studies. The DFT calculations show spatially well-separated HOMO and LUMO in their ground states, along with a small energy splitting between the excited singlet (S₁) and triplet (T₁) states, in a good agreement with the TADF mechanism. Due to the high thermal stability of <strong>Zn(PhOBz)-PXZ</strong>, OLED devices can be fabricated by vacuum vapor deposition, and greenish-blue OLEDs with the maximum emission at 521 nm were successfully demonstrated. The maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE_max) of 10.6 %, with Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.28, 0.47) were recorded. Zinc TADF complexes have the advantages of cost-effectiveness, greater abundance of natural resources, environmentally friendly metals, making them potential replacements for future precious metal emitters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 107178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming light loss in semi-transparent ternary organic solar cells with ultra-thin metal electrodes","authors":"Chih-Ping Chen ,&nbsp;Chun-Chieh Lee ,&nbsp;Bing-Huang Jiang ,&nbsp;Ming-Wei Hsu ,&nbsp;Yang-Yen Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) hold promise as renewable energy sources with diverse optoelectronic applications. Research focusing on semi-transparent OPVs has gained prominence in the field of energy conversion. In this study, we investigated semi-transparent OPVs utilizing PC₇₁BM and PC₆₁BM as third-component materials. The addition of PC₇₁BM improved the open-circuit voltage (V_OC) and fill factor (FF) of the devices. As a result, we selected the PM6/Y6:PC₇₁BM ternary active layer and designed two distinct semi-transparent device structures. By adopting a sequential deposition approach (pseudo-bilayer), we achieved independent control over the PM6 layer thickness, enhancing visible transmittance performance. Compared to traditional bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structures, our design exhibited superior transparency, achieving an 11.66 % power conversion efficiency (PCE) and 24.95 % maximum average visible transmittance (AVT) under optimal conditions. It is noted that our devices demonstrated exceptional photon utilization efficiency up to 2.90 %. This study significantly advances the optimization of semi-transparent OSC performance and offers new insights for developing more efficient and transparent optoelectronic devices in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 107174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High triplet hexahydroacridine derivatives as a host prevent exciton diffusion to adjacent layers in solution processed OLEDs","authors":"Mageshwari Anandan ,&nbsp;Stepan Kment ,&nbsp;Radek Zboril ,&nbsp;Sergii Kalytchuk ,&nbsp;Giedrius Janusas ,&nbsp;Praveen B. Managutti ,&nbsp;Sharmarke Mohamed ,&nbsp;Roghaiyeh Mazloumihaghghi ,&nbsp;Mozhgan Hosseinnezhad ,&nbsp;Jean Michel Nunzi ,&nbsp;Venkatramaiah Nutalapati ,&nbsp;Sohrab Nasiri","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One important key to improve OLEDs technology is the development and synthesis of high triplet energy host materials, which play a crucial role in improving the efficiency and lifetime. The present approach shows that it is possible to control the properties of the host materials by carefully selecting the units. Therefore, a hexahydroacridine derivative was chosen to increase the E_T value due to lower conjugation. In this study, three hosts with high triplet energy (&gt;3 eV) were designed and investigated based on hexahydroacridine (ACD) as a constant unit and branches of triphenylamine (TPA), pyrene and pyridine derivatives as different groups. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed the agreement of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) values with the experimental results, with the highest HOMO from DFT calculation at 5.95 eV and cyclic voltammetry (CV) at 6.09 eV for the ACD-PYRIDINE. The photophysical properties were fully discussed and revealed the fluorescence mechanism of the hosts, so that with the addition of 9-[4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl]-N3, N3, N6, N6-tetraphenyl-9H-carbazole-3,6-diamine (DACT-II), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) was achieved in the emitter layer with different concentrations of the hosts of 50, 70 and 90 wt%. The promising synthesized hosts were used for the fabrication of green TADF OLEDs. The fabricated OLED based on 90 % wt. ACD-TPA had CIE coordinates X = 0.26385 and Y = 0.55236, with turn on voltage 3.5 V, as well as current efficiency (CE), power efficiency (PE) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 40 cd A⁻¹, 26 lm.W⁻¹ and 13 %, respectively. Furthermore, the extracted brightness (52508 cd m⁻²) exceeded the values from previous studies based on acridine as an emitter layer in doped OLEDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naphthalene-Arylamine starburst architectures: Novel hole transport materials for enhanced OLED performance","authors":"Jinxin Miao ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Peng Xu ,&nbsp;Xudong Cao ,&nbsp;Kai Xu ,&nbsp;Senqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Rui Liu ,&nbsp;Chong Li ,&nbsp;Guangliang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excellent hole transfer material (HTM) is beneficial to improve the stability of the device, reduce turn-on voltage(V_on) and make full use of the potential performance of the developed emissive materials. In this work, we designed and synthesized four HTMs with triarylamine and naphthalene compounds - <strong>SHT1- SHT4</strong>. The characteristics of these four compounds were investigated by TGA, DSC. UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra. These four HTMs all exhibit excellent hole transmission capability for their high triplet energy levels (E_T), outstanding thermal property, morphological stabilities and appropriate highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels with emissive layer (EML). Four top-emission blue OLEDs with <strong>SHT1 - SHT4</strong> as hole transport layer (HTL) were fabricated and show good electroluminescence (EL) property. The results show that the device incorporating <strong>SHT3</strong> exhibit the best device performances with a low V_on of 2.79 V, external quantum efficiency (EQE_max) of 19.7 %, highest current efficiency (CE_max) and highest Power efficiency (PE_max) of 8.86 cd A⁻¹ and 9.05 lm/W, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic(amino)(barrelene)carbene metal amide complexes: Synthesis and thermally activated delayed fluorescence","authors":"Charlotte Riley ,&nbsp;William Jones ,&nbsp;Nguyen Le Phuoc ,&nbsp;Mikko Linnolahti ,&nbsp;Alexander S. Romanov","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2024.107156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbene-metal-amide (CMA) complexes based on cyclic(amino)(barrelene)carbene (CABC) ligands have been prepared for both Cu(I) and Au(I) metal centres. Synthetic protocols based on the conventional and microwave heating enabled ten-fold shorter reaction times and high yields of the CMA materials. Stabilization of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) effects the electronic and photophysical properties. These materials benefit from short excited state lifetimes down to 0.9 μs and photoluminescence quantum yields up to 66 %. Nonradiative processes are revealed and associated with the rotational freedom of the aryl moiety in the CABC carbene ligand. Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy was used to estimate an activation energy barrier of 83 meV between singlet and triplet charge transfer (CT) excited states. Varied temperature photoluminescence confirms that ³CT photoluminescence remains even at 18 K, with no contribution from locally excited triplet states ³LE. Molecular design rules have been enhanced to propose bright thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) CMA emitters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 107156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}