Organic Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing performance and durability of perovskite light-emitting diodes through crystal grain manipulation and defect mitigation","authors":"Jiaming Yu ,&nbsp;Youqiang Zhuge ,&nbsp;Jincheng Lou ,&nbsp;Taifei Zhou ,&nbsp;Yiying Tan ,&nbsp;Yachun Guo ,&nbsp;Shuguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Junbiao Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements in quasi-two-dimensional perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have garnered significant attention due to their attractive properties, including facile solution processability, tunable emission spectra, and cost effectiveness. However, a critical challenge hindering their performance remains the quality of the perovskite emitting layer. Morphological and structural imperfections such as pinholes and halide vacancies, can significantly impede the subsequent layer deposition, leading to the formation of leakage current pathways. Furthermore, these lattice defects often serve as non-radiative recombination centers, compromising the device's overall luminescence efficiency. This study presents a facile strategy to address these limitations by incorporating polyethylene oxide (PEO) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as additives within the perovskite precursor solution. The high viscosity of PEO effectively restricts the diffusion of perovskite precursor, leading to the formation of smaller and more uniform crystal grains. In addition, the C=O functional group in TMPTA interacts favorably with uncoordinated Pb²⁺ cations in perovskite, thereby suppressing non-radiative recombination processes. By meticulously optimizing the volume ratio of PEO and TMPTA additives, effective passivation of perovskite film defects and manipulation of crystal grain morphology are achieved, leading to a significant enhancement of the perovskite emitting layer quality. Consequently, the maximum current efficiency and external quantum efficiency of green light-emitting diodes reach 45.3 cd/A and 12.01 %, respectively. This work establishes a simple and effective methodology for fabricating efficient and stable PeLEDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 107249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An artificial synapse based on organic heterojunction of conducting polymer and molecular ferroelectrics","authors":"Zimu Li ,&nbsp;Chunli Jiang ,&nbsp;Chunhua Luo ,&nbsp;Hechun Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Tang ,&nbsp;Hui Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenges posed by the rapid development of artificial intelligence and big data, various artificial synaptic devices have been developed to overcome the limitations of traditional computing systems. In this study, a two-terminal device using a conducting polymer, poly(hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and a molecular ferroelectric, diisopropylammonium bromide (DIPAB), is fabricated. The incorporation of the ferroelectric layer not only establishes an energy barrier for charge carriers generated by light pulses in the P3HT layer but also allows the device's response to be modulated by altering the ferroelectric polarization state of DIPAB. This device successfully simulates some basic biological synaptic functions by modulating light stimuli. Furthermore, the light logic functions of “AND” and “OR” are realized by using light pulses with different wavelengths, as well as the simulation of associative learning. The device is used to recognize MNIST handwritten digits based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), achieving a recognition accuracy of over 90 %. These results highlight the device's potential for neuromorphic computing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 107242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of non-Aufbau organic radicals based on TTM/TTBrM core","authors":"Ying Gao ,&nbsp;Yong Wu ,&nbsp;Bo Ren ,&nbsp;Yan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-Aufbau organic radicals with SOMO-HOMO inversion (SHI) have been attracting significant interest from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. The unusual orbital ordering in these systems makes their electronic properties apart from the more common case, where the unpaired electron is filled in the SOMO which is higher in energy than HOMO. In this work, we designed a series of radical systems based on well-known TTM/TTBrM core, functionalized by various electron donor groups (PDMAC, PPTA, PPXZ, BFCz, PA and PT) to achieve SHI-type radicals. Using density functional theory, it was demonstrated that these electron donor groups can modulate the order of SOMO and HOMO, and all radical systems follow the general illustration of SHI that the α-HOMO pair of matching spin orbitals is higher in energy than the SOMO, and is below the corresponding SUMO in non-Aufbau electronic structures. Moreover, all radical systems exhibit fluorescence radiative rate (<em>k</em>_r) approaching approximately 10⁷ s⁻¹. Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulation further indicates that all radical systems are stable at high temperatures. Our calculated results show that the formation of SHI-type radical systems is related to the nature of electron donor units. Consequently, PDMAC, PPTA, PPXZ, BFCz, PA, and PT are reliable choices for designing SHI-type radical emitters. Our work thus establishes molecular guidelines for designing SHI-type radical systems and expands their applicability to organic light-emitting diode emitters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 107248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TADF and hyperfluorescence: Pushing the frontiers of organic optoelectronics","authors":"Chihaya Adachi,&nbsp;Lian Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-emitting electrochemical cells based on mechanochromic, thermally activated delayed fluorescence fish-shaped structures consisting of carbazole derivatives as emitters in the active layer","authors":"Marzieh Rabiei ,&nbsp;Raheleh Ghahary ,&nbsp;Mozhgan Hosseinnezhad ,&nbsp;Arvydas Palevicius ,&nbsp;Andrius Vilkauskas ,&nbsp;Giedrius Janusas ,&nbsp;Sohrab Nasiri ,&nbsp;Jean Michel Nunzi ,&nbsp;Juozas Padgurskas ,&nbsp;Raimundas Rukuiza","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study surveys the design and synthesis of fish-shaped structures based on carbazole derivatives for applications in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs). Two thermally activated delayed fluorescent dyes (TADF) 5-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-10-((3-methoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl) phenyl) anthracene (dye 1) and 5-(phenoxazine)-10-((3-methoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl) phenyl) anthracene (dye 2) were synthesized as emitters in the active layer by coupling reaction technique. Separation of the HOMO-LUMO distributions was observed when the HOMOs localized on the methoxycarbazole and phenoxazine derivatives, respectively, and the LUMO consistently localized on the anthracene derivative. The dye consisting of a tert-butyl carbazole derivative showed a lower the variation of singlet-triplet splitting (ΔE_ST) value of 0.04 eV than the other counterpart, and reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) dominated for both dyes. The crystalline dyes exhibited mechanochromic behavior when the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the mechanically stimulated dyes was red-shifted. The space charge limited current (SCLC) technique proved that the dye consisting of a phenoxazine derivative had a higher carrier mobility of 6.14 × 10⁻⁴ for holes and 2.12 × 10⁻⁴ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ for electrons in tandem. Based on the mechanochromic behavior of the dyes initially, the fabricated LEECs also exhibited mechanochromic feature, and the EL spectra of the flexible devices showed a red shift in the emission spectra after stretching. In addition, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of both flexible devices increased to 0.33 % after stretching. Furthermore, iridium complex [Ir(buoppy)₂(dmapzpy)]PF₆ is used as a promising host for the development of high-performance LEECs. Therefore, brightness and EQE values were increased to 6629 cd m⁻² and 7.13 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient post-treatment strategy for enhancing the performance and stability of the inverted perovskite solar cells based on Boc-D-Val-OH","authors":"Fu Liu ,&nbsp;Yijun Zhu ,&nbsp;Jian Xiong ,&nbsp;Zhen He ,&nbsp;Yuanwei Pu ,&nbsp;Yongchao Liang ,&nbsp;Qiaofei Hu ,&nbsp;Yinqi Zuo ,&nbsp;Qiyu Yang ,&nbsp;Dongjie Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Huang ,&nbsp;Qiaogan Liao ,&nbsp;Zheling Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recombination losses from perovskite/fullerene interface issues significantly limit the performance and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A simple post-treatment method based on Boc-D-Val-OH (BDVO) is developed to overcome these issues. A systematic study has been conducted on the impact of BDVO on the physical properties of the film and the device. The results confirm that BDVO post-treatment can passivate trap states of the perovskite film surface, improve contact at the perovskite/fullerene interface, and enhance the built-in interface electrical field of the device. That improvements lead to enhanced carrier transport dynamics, as well as improves the performance and stability of PSCs. A relatively higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.02 % is achieved by BDVO post-treatment. Additionally, after storage in air (30–40 RH%) for 264 h (12 days) and in N₂ for 312 h (13 days), the PCE of the BDVO devices can remain at 90 % and 95 % of their initial values, respectively, while the control devices under the same exposure conditions only maintain 83 % and 88 % of their initial PCE values. The study sheds light on the pathway for perovskite/fullerene interface material selection and design, aimed at enhancing device performance and stability through streamlined post-treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of structural modifications in donor-acceptor systems on homojunction organic solar cell photovoltaic properties","authors":"Daniel-Florin Bogoșel ,&nbsp;Gavril-Ionel Giurgi ,&nbsp;Alexandru Balan ,&nbsp;Alexandra Pop ,&nbsp;Ion Grosu ,&nbsp;Andreea Petronela Crișan ,&nbsp;Anamaria Terec","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the synthesis and characterization of novel donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) molecules specifically designed for inverted homojunction single-material organic solar cells (HOSCs). It explores how modifications in triarylamine-based donor groups and π-bridges impact the molecular organization, optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic characteristics of these molecules. By systematically modifying features like π-bridge length and donor unit strength, the research aims to improve power conversion efficiency (<em>PCE</em>) and overall device performance. While the <em>PCE</em> values are relatively modest, the findings highlight design strategies that balance simplicity, robustness, and cost-effectiveness, offering valuable insights for advancing HOSCs in organic photovoltaic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-CRI warm white OLEDs based on TADF-Doped Exciplex Co-host Structure enabled by efficient reverse intersystem crossing","authors":"Zeyu Jia,&nbsp;Xiangqiong Xie,&nbsp;Zhenyong Guo,&nbsp;Zhiqi Kou","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we present a high-performance warm white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) achieving a maximum color rendering index (CRI) of 95, based on a novel TADF-Doped Exciplex Co-host Structure. The device design integrates a blue exciplex (mCP:PO-T2T) as the host material, sensitizing ultrathin phosphorescent layers emitting green, yellow, and red light. By systematically varying the thickness of spacer and ultrathin layers, the position of the exciton recombination zone was finely tuned, revealing its critical role in exciton transport dynamics and energy transfer efficiency. To optimize exciton transport pathways, the TADF material 4CzTPN was strategically incorporated into the spacer layers. This incorporation significantly altered the exciton transfer mechanism by facilitating efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and promoting Förster energy transfer from the exciplex to phosphorescent emitters. Consequently, this approach not only reduces triplet exciton density, mitigating Dexter transfer losses, but also enhances exciton utilization efficiency. As a result, the WOLED achieves warm white light emission with a high CRI closely aligned with the Planckian locus on the CIE chromaticity diagram. These findings demonstrate the transformative potential of the TADF-Doped Exciplex Co-host Structure for developing efficient and color-stable WOLEDs, paving the way for next-generation lighting and display technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials for high-performance organic light-emitting diode","authors":"Jiaxuan Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Jiang ,&nbsp;Chi Cao ,&nbsp;Xuming Zhuang ,&nbsp;Baoyan Liang ,&nbsp;Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Hai Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials is challenging but crucial for realizing full-color displays and solid-state lighting systems. In this work, we propose a novel design strategy that connects two emitting units to a phenyl ring to create efficient red luminescent materials. Two D-A-π-A-D type TADF molecules with mild-twist structures, <em>m</em>-DTPAQCN and <em>p</em>-DTPAQCN, were designed and synthesized. These molecules incorporate an electron-withdrawing acceptor of quinoxaline-6,7-dicarbonitrile group and an electron-donating donor of triphenylamine group. Both <em>m</em>-DTPAQCN and <em>p</em>-DTPAQCN exhibit red emissions in toluene solutions at 607 nm and 614 nm, respectively, and in doped films at 618 nm and 627 nm. The doped films, prepared with varying doping concentrations, demonstrate excellent photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) ranging from 60.10 % to 84.70 %. The corresponding organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing <em>m</em>-DTPAQCN and <em>p</em>-DTPAQCN as emitters present efficient red electroluminescence with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 17.37 % and 20.05 %, respectively. This work provides a new and effective strategy for designing efficient red TADF molecules, offering significant potential for application in OLEDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermally activated delayed fluorescence host materials with bulky indolocarbazole derivatives acceptors for high-performance solution-processed OLEDs","authors":"Xixuan Wang,&nbsp;Guimin Zhao,&nbsp;Wei Jiang,&nbsp;Yueming Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design and development of large steric-hindrance host materials can effectively solve the quenching of triplet excitons, so as to improve the utilization of excitons and the performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) devices. In this work, four large volume thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) host materials were synthesized using triazine derivatives as electron acceptors and indolocarbazole derivatives as electron donors. Systematic studies demonstrated that introducing tert-butyl carbazole into indolocarbazole derivatives not only increased the steric hindrance of the molecule but also improved its thermodynamic stability. The decomposition temperatures (T_d) of TRZ-tCzICz and MeTRZ-tCzICz reached 449 °C and 481 °C, and there was no significant glassing transition temperature (T_g) in the range of 20–200 °C. The strategy of introducing methyl into triazine effectively separated HOMO and LUMO of molecule, resulting in smaller singlet-triplet splitting (Δ<em>E</em>ST) and larger reverse intersystem crossing rates (<em>k</em>_RISC). Among the four molecules, the <em>k</em>_RISC of TRZ-tCzICz and MeTRZ-tCzICz reached 2.07 × 10⁶ s⁻¹ and 2.16 × 10⁶ s⁻¹, respectively. All four synthesized molecules had relatively high triplet energy levels and can serve as host materials for green TADF compounds. With 4CzIPN as the dopant, the solution processable OLED devices based the four compounds as the host materials achieved maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE_max) of 11.13 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 107236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}