Pengkun Xia , Nouman Ahmad , Chao Tang , Zhaolin Na , Xiaohui Gao , Shengxiang Huang , Lianwen Deng
{"title":"H+-triggered solid-state fluorescence of carbon dots for dual anti-counterfeiting","authors":"Pengkun Xia , Nouman Ahmad , Chao Tang , Zhaolin Na , Xiaohui Gao , Shengxiang Huang , Lianwen Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing luminescent materials with tunable and reversible fluorescence remains challenging, as it requires stable, responsive, and versatile systems capable of switching emission states under precise stimuli. Herein, we prepared carbon quantum dots (CDs) by using 2-aniline-3-methyl-6-(dibutylamine) fluoroalkane as raw material. The optical characterization showed the parent CDs presented a cyan fluorescence resulted from the surface oxidative functional groups dominating the low-energy transitions. Interestingly, stimulated by various acids, this fluorescence phenomenon can be changed into yellow, no matter in aqueous solution or solid state. It can be explained by the fact that H<sup>+</sup> reduces oxidized surface groups such as nitro to amino groups, creating new emissive traps. Based on this, a reversible dual-switch mode luminescent ink was demonstrated for advanced anti-counterfeiting and dual encryption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 107328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengmeng Zhang , Yafei Xie , Qianqian Gu , Xiaolin Hu , Jintao Wang , Liping Yang , Ren Sheng , Ping Chen
{"title":"Highly efficient orange and white organic light-emitting diodes with low efficiency roll-off based on a novel exciplex host","authors":"Mengmeng Zhang , Yafei Xie , Qianqian Gu , Xiaolin Hu , Jintao Wang , Liping Yang , Ren Sheng , Ping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Realizing highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with low efficiency roll-off through exciplex systems remains challenging due to mismatched transport property between donor and acceptor. Herein, a novel exciplex co-host system constructed by 1,1-Bis[(di-4-tolylamino) phenyl] cyclohexane (TAPC) and 2,4-diphenyl-6-(9,9′-spirobi[9H-fluoren]-3-yl)-1,3,5-Triazine (SF3-TRZ) is applied to design simplified orange and white OLEDs with high efficiency and low efficiency roll-offs. The result orange phosphorescent OLED is realized by doping orange dopant into exciplex host, demonstrating outstanding characteristics with a maximum current efficiency of 81.3 cd/A and a maximum power efficiency of 84.7 lm/W. By further inserting a blue emitting layer, the white OLED with stable spectra achieves a current efficiency of 62.1 cd/A with an extremely low roll-off, which represents one of the smallest values reported for exciplex co-host white OLEDs. The superior performance of the device is attributed to the balanced carriers transport and the simplified architecture design. The architecture provides a promising solution for developing high-performance OLEDs toward practical solid-state lighting applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 107327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beining Wang , Tianyu Huang , Junhao Song , Chenghuan Chen , Yuxuan Wang , István Bíró , Gusztáv Fekete , Hai-Qiao Wang
{"title":"Research progress in small-molecule donor-polymer acceptor organic photovoltaic cells","authors":"Beining Wang , Tianyu Huang , Junhao Song , Chenghuan Chen , Yuxuan Wang , István Bíró , Gusztáv Fekete , Hai-Qiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic solar cells (OSCs), characterized by their lightweight, flexibility, solution-processability for large-area fabrication, and low cost, exhibit significant complementary advantages to silicon-based photovoltaics, positioning them as a cutting-edge research frontier in clean energy. Among emerging architectures, small-molecule donor/polymer acceptor (SDPA)-based OSCs have attracted considerable attention due to their unique active layer stability, particularly their ability to maintain optimized phase-separated morphology under high-temperature conditions (>85 °C), offering potential to overcome the stability bottleneck in organic photovoltaic industrialization. However, the current record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of SDPA-OSCs remains at 12.1 %, significantly lagging behind mainstream bulk heterojunction systems (PCE >20 %). To advance the efficiency of SDPA-OSCs, extensive efforts have been devoted to optimizing materials, device engineering, and processing techniques. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in SDPA-OSCs from the perspectives of device architecture and active layer processing. Key focus areas include the impact of device structure engineering (conventional vs. inverted configurations) and active layer fabrication strategies (bulk heterojunction solution-coating and layer-by-layer deposition techniques) on charge carrier transport and device performance. By establishing robust \"material structure–morphology–device performance\" correlations, this work provides critical insights and technical references for developing high-efficiency SDPA-OSCs. Furthermore, future research directions and challenges in material innovation, morphology control, and scalable manufacturing are discussed to guide the advancement of SDPA-based organic photovoltaics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 107325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lu Zhou , Chao Zuo , Bin Du , Jie Min , Yang Wang , Xiangchun Li , Wen-Yong Lai
{"title":"Enhanced photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells with low cost azomethine-based non-fullerene acceptors","authors":"Lu Zhou , Chao Zuo , Bin Du , Jie Min , Yang Wang , Xiangchun Li , Wen-Yong Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most of non-fullerene acceptors used in organic solar cells are synthesized through cross-coupling reactions, which require expensive transition metal catalysts, harsh reaction conditions and complex purification processes, making large-scale production high cost. Here, two azomethine-based perylene diimides (PDIs) are designed and synthesized through a simple and economical Schiff base condensation reaction with water as the only by-product. As the non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells, power conversion efficiencies exceeding 4.3 % were reached. Furthermore, the cost estimations show that the material cost of azomethine-based PDIs is about two orders of magnitude lower. In addition, the synthesis of azomethine-based PDIs also reduces the toxic chemical waste, thus greatly reducing the environmental impact. Our results pave the way for low-cost, environmentally friendly and efficient non-fullerene acceptors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 107326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaiwen Lin , Zhaoji Xin , Guiliang Tan , Yeyi Lei , Yufei Zhao , Xiaoge Liu , Yulian Liu , Dong Yuan , Hao Liu , Liangying Wang
{"title":"Benzothiadiazole-thiophene based conjugated Polymers: Impact of conjugated chain length on electrochromic performance","authors":"Kaiwen Lin , Zhaoji Xin , Guiliang Tan , Yeyi Lei , Yufei Zhao , Xiaoge Liu , Yulian Liu , Dong Yuan , Hao Liu , Liangying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, two donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type electrochromic conjugated polymers were prepared upon electrochemical oxidation through their precursors employed thiophenes as the donor units and benzothiazole as the acceptor unit. The conjugated chain length effects of the polymers’ electrochemical and electrochromic properties were carefully examined. As the conjugated chain length increases, both precursors exhibited reduced the HOMO-LUMO energy gap and red-shifted UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra. Both polymers displayed n-doping and p-doping process with excellent redox stability, PBT-4T retained 94.17 % of its original electroactivity, which is higher than that of PBT-2T (92.86 %). Meanwhile, both polymers exhibited reversible changes in UV–Vis absorption spectra under voltage drive of 0 V–1.8 V, accompanied by color changes from light pink to black-gray (PBT-2T) and from purple to dark brown (PBT-4T). PBT-2T showed highest optical contrast of 41 % at 750 nm and fastest response time of 0.2 s for the oxidation process at 528 nm because of porous structure, which undoubtedly facilitates the ingress and egress of ions. The varying the π-conjugated chain length from bithiophene to quaterthiophene strategy may provide a new research idea to achieve high-performance electrochromic conjugated polymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 107324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The analysis of the electroluminescence performance of multi-RISC channel single-emissive-layer organic light-emitting diode","authors":"Ruixing Wanghe, Zeyu Jia, Guangyuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of technology, an increasing number of high efficiency organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices utilizing multi-reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) channels have been reported. The multi-RISC channel strategy has emerged as a highly feasible OLED design approach. However, the analysis of multi-RISC channel single-emissive-layer OLEDs still faces numerous challenges due to the presence of multiple different kinds of molecules in the EML. Herein, based on experiments, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and quantum chemical calculations, a systematic analysis has been conducted on the impact of doping concentration on the electroluminescence performance of multi-RISC channel single-emissive-layer OLEDs. It is believed that the impact of doping concentration on the electroluminescence performance of multi-RISC channel single-emissive-layer OLEDs is attributed to the charge carrier recombination order in the emitting layer, the fluctuation of the excited state energy level of exciplex caused by the change in molecular polarity surrounding the emissive exciplex, and the transition between different efficiency roll-off models. This work provides new pathways and analysis methods to enhancing the efficiency of multi-RISC channel single-emissive-layer OLEDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 107323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiangtong Zhao , Yiming Shao , Rui Sun , Weiwei Wu , Bo Xiao , Ji Wan , Youdi Zhang , Jie Min
{"title":"Leveraging rhodamine-terminated small molecule acceptors for high open-circuit voltage and improved efficiency in organic solar cells","authors":"Jiangtong Zhao , Yiming Shao , Rui Sun , Weiwei Wu , Bo Xiao , Ji Wan , Youdi Zhang , Jie Min","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The asymmetric molecular design strategy has been proven to be an effective method to improve the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells. In this work, to extend the pool of asymmetric non-fullerene acceptors, we introduced rhodamine as a terminal group into Y-series small molecule acceptors (SMAs) and synthesized three asymmetric SMAs (BTP-Rh2F, BTP-Rh2Cl, and BTP-Rh2Br) with different halogen substitutions. As a result, shallow lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of these SMAs contribute to high open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em><sub>OC</sub>) values exceeding 0.95 V in corresponding devices. However, insufficient exciton dissociation and inefficient charge carrier mobility limit the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Notably, the introduction of BTP-Rh2Cl as a third component into the PM6:BTP-eC9 binary host system effectively reduces non-radiative recombination, ultimately yielding an enhanced PCE of 18.03 % along with improved <em>V</em><sub>OC</sub> of 0.863 V. This work highlights the potential of rhodamine-modified SMAs in enhanced <em>V</em><sub>OC</sub> and high-efficiency ternary solar cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kui Li , Yue Liu , Hang Yang , Ya Yuan , Jun Feng , Jiahao Qian , Xuncheng Zhu , Yue Wu , Chaohua Cui , Yongfang Li
{"title":"Alkylthio side-chain engineering on the quinoxaline-based electron acceptors for efficient organic solar cells","authors":"Kui Li , Yue Liu , Hang Yang , Ya Yuan , Jun Feng , Jiahao Qian , Xuncheng Zhu , Yue Wu , Chaohua Cui , Yongfang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkylthio side-chain engineering plays an important role in constructing high-performance small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) for organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, two ethylthio-substituted quinoxaline core-based SMAs (BQS-F and BQDS-F) are developed to elucidate the impact of alkylthio substituents on their physicochemical and photoelectric properties. Comparative analysis reveals that the dialkylthio-substituted BQDS-F exhibited a more planar molecular backbone, red-shifted absorption spectrum, upshifted molecular orbital energy levels, and enhanced crystallinity compared to the monoalkylthio-substituted BQS-F. However, the poor thermodynamic compatibility of BQDS-F with the polymer donor D18 leads to excessively phase-separated heterojunction textures. By contrast, more homogeneous and uniform phase separation is realized in D18:BQS-F blend film, resulting in enhanced exciton dissociation efficiency, improved charge carrier mobility, and suppressed charge recombination. As a result, the BQS-F-based device affords a much higher efficiency of 15.52 % compared to the BQDS-F-based device (12.21 %). The results clarify the effect of ethylthio substituents on quinoxaline core-based SMAs, which are instructive to further advance the development of organic photovoltaics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong Zhu , Wenkai Tan , Lijian Chen , Quanhua Chen , Guangan Yang , Li Zhu , Xiang Wan , Chee Leong Tan , Dongyoon Khim , Zhihao Yu , Yong Xu , Huabin Sun
{"title":"Achieving uniform electrical performance by regulating domain structure in aligned DPPT-TT: PMMA blended layers","authors":"Hong Zhu , Wenkai Tan , Lijian Chen , Quanhua Chen , Guangan Yang , Li Zhu , Xiang Wan , Chee Leong Tan , Dongyoon Khim , Zhihao Yu , Yong Xu , Huabin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer field-effect transistors (PFETs) hold significant promise for flexible displays. However, their widespread application is hindered by performance non-uniformity arising from vatiations in chain alignment and domain structures. This paper optimizes the electrical uniformity by integrating the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique with poly (methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) blending in aligned copolymer DPPT-TT semiconductor layers. The LB process enhances molecular orientation, strengthening π-π intermolecular interactions. The on-current of parallel-channel devices reaches 27 μA, which is a 20 % increase compared to orthogonal-channel devices. Incorporating PMMA (DPPT-TT:PMMA = 1:0.4) optimize film morphology, exhibit a more uniform threshold voltage of 4.3 ± 2.1 V, compared to 5.5 ± 3.4 V for those without PMMA. Similarly, the sub-threshold swing is more consistent at 6.5 ± 0.9 V/dec with PMMA, versus 6.7 ± 1.1 V/dec without it. The trap density of devices with PMMA is 3.0 × 10<sup>12</sup> eV<sup>−1</sup>cm<sup>−2</sup>, which is a 75 % reduction compared to devices without PMMA. These results demonstrate a scalable strategy for fabricating high-uniformity PFETs, advancing their applicability in flexible circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A modular access to N-heterocycle-winged boron-nitrogen multiresonant emitters with narrowband deep-blue emissions","authors":"Yuhang Fan, Songtao Li, Yuxuan He, Junjie Liu, Zhengyang Bin, Ge Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.orgel.2025.107312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boron-nitrogen multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (BN MR-TADF) emitters have attracted widespread attention for high performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their narrowband emissions and high efficiencies. However, emitters incorporating electron-deficient N-heterocycles are rarely reported and remain largely unexplored because of synthetic challenges under harsh borylation conditions. We present a protection/deprotection strategy using benzyl groups to overcome this restriction to offer a modifiable core molecule <strong>HBN</strong>, enabling late-stage modular introduction of electron-deficient N-heterocycles to furnish a variety of novel N-heterocycle-winged BN emitters, the <strong>HetBN</strong> series. It should be noted that a unique sequential two-step debenzylation protocol is developed and must be applied to remove both benzyl groups. As exemplified herein, four emitters, <strong><em>o</em>PyBN</strong>, <strong><em>m</em>PyBN</strong>, <strong>PymBN</strong>, and <strong>PhTzBN</strong>, which are inaccessible via conventional methods, were successfully prepared. They emit deep-blue photoluminescence with fine-tuneable wavelengths below 454 nm, high PLQYs above 90 %, narrow FWHMs under 30 nm, and fast exciton dynamics, demonstrating the beneficial effect of N-heterocycles in fine-tuning the photophysical properties of BN MR-TADF emitters. A preliminary OLED device fabricated with <strong>PhTzBN</strong> exhibited deep-blue emission at 444 nm with a narrow FWHM of 31 nm (0.19 eV), the Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.16, 0.08), and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.2 %. This study paves the way to modular synthesis of innovative N-heterocycle-winged BN MR-TADF emitters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":399,"journal":{"name":"Organic Electronics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}