Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale最新文献

{"title":"Efecto del estado de activación cerebral sobre la memoria sensorial auditiva","authors":"M. Atienza, J. L. Cantero, Rosario Salas, Carlos M. Gómez","doi":"10.1174/021435500760373996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/021435500760373996","url":null,"abstract":"espanolDesde el marco de la psicologia del procesamiento de la informacion el presente trabajo pretende, en primer lugar, examinar las caracteristicas definitorias de la memoria sensorial asi como las funciones que dicha forma de memoria puede desempenar en el procesamiento cognitivo. En segundo lugar, este texto ofrecera una revision critica de aquellos trabajos que han abordado el estudio de la memoria sensorial auditiva durante otros estados de activacion cerebral diferentes al de vigilia con el fin de analizar la influencia que ejercen estados como el sueno sobre los resultados de las operaciones subyacentes a dicha forma de memoria. Todo ello sera expuesto, primero, desde un nivel de analisis conductual, basandonos muy especialmente en el modelo de procesamiento de la informacion propuesto por Cowan (1988), para posteriormente adentrarnos en un nivel electrofisiologico. desde el cual se presentaran los datos mas relevantes acerca de la representacion neural de la memoria sensorial de acuerdo con el modelo neurocognitivo de Naadanen (1990). EnglishThe main goal of the present work within the framework of information processing psychology is, in the first place, to examine distinguishing features of sensory memory as well as the ways in which it could be used in cognitive processing. In the second place, this text is a critical review of the studies dealing with the sensory memory during other arousal states different from waking in order to analyse the influence exerted by brain states such as sleep on the results of processes underlying sensory memory. All of this will be expounded, first, from a behavioural analysis level, based especially on the information processing model proposed by Cowan (1988), and second, from an electrophysiological level, from which we will offer the most relevant data on the neural representation of sensory memory according to the neurocognitive model of Naatanen (1990).","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"76 1","pages":"7-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79967146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recuerdo de materia verbal en niños con disfasia funcional","authors":"C. López, P. Revilla, María Teresa Schüller","doi":"10.1174/021435500760374003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/021435500760374003","url":null,"abstract":"espanolSe comparo la ejecucion de un grupo de 8 ninos diagnosticados de disfasia funcional en una tarea de recuerdo libre - inmediato y demorado- de listas de digitos, silabas, palabras, imagenes y frases con la de dos grupos de control, uno formado por ninos mas pequenos de igual edad linguistica (=EL) y otro de ninos igualados con los disfasicos en CI y edad cronologica (=EC). Los disfasicos ejecutaron significativamente por debajo de ambos grupos en el recuerdo de silabas, palabras, frases y nombres de imagenes pero no en el de digitos. Los resultados permiten concluir que en los disfasicos existe un deficit en la memoria activa, que este deficit afecta selectivamente a la memoria fonologica, y que es una caracteristica esencial y definitoria del trastorno. Ademas el numero significativo y el tipo de errores que los disfasicos cometen en la recuperacion de frases y nombres de imagenes conducen a pensar que el deficit no se limita a una capacidad de almacenamiento reducida o un decaimiento rapido de la huella fonologico sino tambien a dificultades en el acceso y la recuperacion de las formas fonologicas a partir de la informacion lexico-semantica. Los resultados obtenidos se interpretan a la luz de los modelos de activacion interactiva. EnglishThe performance in different tasks (i.e., free inmediate and delayed recall of digits, syllables, words, pictures and short sentences) of 8 children diagnosed as functional dysphasics was compared to that of two control groups matched for linguistic development and chronological age and IQ. The performance of dysphasic children was significantly worse than that of controls in the recall of syllables, words, short sentences, and names of pictures, but not in the recall of digits. These results support the conclusion that there is a selective deficit of phonological working memory in dysphasia, and that this deficit is both and essential characteristic and a definitory aspect of the disorder. In addition to that, the large number and nature of the errors of dysphasics when retrieving sentences and names of pictures leads to speculate that the deficit cannot be solely due to a reduced span capacity or to a fast decay of the phonological trace, but also to difficulties in lexical access and retrieval. Results are explained according to an interactive activation model.","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"82 1","pages":"37-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84371019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognición musical: relaciones entre música y lenguaje","authors":"Carlos J. Gómez Ariza, M. Molina, M. C. Puerta-Melguizo, Pedro Macizo","doi":"10.1174/021435500760374012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/021435500760374012","url":null,"abstract":"El presente trabajo pretende ser un primer acercamiento a la cognicion musical poniendo de manifiesto algunos paralelismos entre el lenguaje y la musica. En primer lugar, se discuten las distintas propuestas de representacion musical. Aunque las teorias que intentan explicar la manera en que la musica esta representada mentalmente varian en los fenomenos que explican y en las unidades que postulan, si se establecen comparaciones entre musica y lenguaje es posible identificar distintos niveles de representacion (fonologica, sintactica o semantica) que hacen posible la organizacion de estas teorias. En segundo lugar, se discuten caracteristicas de los patrones musicales que muestran similitudes con el lenguaje y que formarian lo que podemos llamar la estructura del lenguaje musical. En tercer lugar, se plantea la posibilidad de que musica y lenguaje compartan sistemas de almacenamiento. Asi, se discuten los fenomenos de integracion de musica y texto en la retencion de melodias, la posible existencia de una memoria a corto plazo para la retencion de tonos e informacion fonologica y los datos de tipo neuropsicologico que intentan determinar el substrato biologico del procesamiento musical. Se concluye que, aunque los mecanismos de procesamiento linguistico y musical no son identicos, existe un paralelismo entre musica y lenguaje que permite organizar los datos empiricos y las teorias explicativas de los mismos.","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"9 1","pages":"63-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84478364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinantes de la representación musical","authors":"Carlos J. Gómez-Ariza, M. Bajo, M. C. Puerta-Melguizo, Pedro Macizo","doi":"10.1174/021435500760374021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/021435500760374021","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl objetivo de este articulo es revisar los datos empiricos y las explicaciones teoricas que intentan delimitar la importancia de distintas caracteristicas musicales en la manera en que percibimos y recordamos piezas musicales. En su organizacion partimos del supuesto de que la musica y el lengua y el lenguaje ofrecen similitudes en su estructura y que, por lo tanto, se pueden agrupar las distintas variables musicales en aquellas que hacen referencia a la combinacion de sonidos (fonologia), a la segmentacion y las reglas organizativas (sintaxis) y al significado de la musica (semantica). Asi, pensamos que el contorno, los intervalos y la tonalidad son variables que determinan la combinacion de los sonidos que componen la musica (fonologia musical), el patron ritmico, los acentos y, las reglas de formacion son esenciales para realizar procesos de segmentacion de una pieza musical (sintaxis musical) y, finalmente, la existencia de jerarquias tonales estructuran y organizan la musica y generan expectativas musicales. Estas ultimas se consideran fundamentales en la escucha e interpretacion de la musica y. junto a otros factores expresivos como el tiempo o el timbre, parecen generar respuestas efectivas a la musica (semantica de la musica). EnglishThe aim of this paper is to review the empirical data and theoretical proposals that try to establish the role of different features of musical patterns in determining the way in which music is perceived and recognized. We assume that music and language are similar in their structure and therefore, we organize the discussion of the different variables into those that refer to the combination of sounds (phonology), those that determine how musical pieces are segmented and organized (syntax) and those that provide meaning to the sequence of sounds (semantic). In this way, the melodic contour, the pitch intervals and the tonality are essential elements of the phonological representation of music; the rhythmic pattern and the presence of accents (both melodic and rhythmic) are essential in determining the syntactic structure of music. Finally, the activation of hierarchical representations generates musical expectations that are essential for generating of emotional responses to music. These responses constitute the meaning or semantics of the music.","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"28 1","pages":"89-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73771918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisión de libros","authors":"M. Froufe","doi":"10.1174/021435500760373978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/021435500760373978","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"55 1","pages":"243-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78671915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La influencia de la figura y el contenido semántico en tareas silogísticas","authors":"Orlando Morales, Carlos Santamaría, J. A. G. Madruga","doi":"10.1174/021435500760373923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/021435500760373923","url":null,"abstract":"espanolSe presentan dos experimentos con tareas de razonamiento silogistico que investigan la influencia del contenido semantica (materiales de identidad y materiales de inclusion) y la figura (figura 1 versus figura 2) durante la fase de comprension de las premisas y la fase inferencial. El experimento 1 nos muestra que en una tarea de evaluacion silogistica en la que se registraron tiempos de lectura, la figura del silogismo y el contenido afectan a la representacion que hacen los sujetos de las premisas durante su comprension. Asimismo, en el experimento 2 utilizando una tarea de construccion encontramos que la figura y el contenido afectan el proceso inferencial. Estos resultados se explican en terminos de modelos mentales (Johnson-Laird y Byrne. 1991). EnglishWe present two experiments using syllogistic reasoning tasks in order to investigate the influence of semantic content (identity materials and inclusive materials) and the figure (figure 1 and figure 2) during the comprehension stage of the premises and the ineference stage. Experiment 1 shows, in an evaluation task in which we recorded the reading time, that the figure and the content affect the representation of the premises during the comprehension stage. Experiment 2 shows in a construction task, that both the figure and the content affect the inference stage. These results are explained in terms of the mental models theory (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 1991).","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"115 1","pages":"133-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90744137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estandarización de un conjunto de 257 figuras en niños de habla hispana cubanos","authors":"A. Pineiro, Mayra Manzano, V. Reigosa","doi":"10.1174/021435500760373969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/021435500760373969","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn este trabajo se estandarizo el conjunto de figuras propuesto por Snodgrass y Vanderwart en una muestra de ninos de habla hispana. Se seleccionaron para la estandarizacion 257 figuras de los 260 originales. Participaron en el estudio 120 ninos, 60 denominaron las figuras y otros 60 estimaron la familiaridad y la complejidad de estas. Para cada figura se calculo la entropia, el porcentaje de acuerdo en la denominacion, La familiaridad, la complejidad. Se determino la frecuencia escrita y oral, la tipicidad, la edad de su adquisicion y la longitud del nombre dominante. Los valores de los indices calculados fueron comparados con los obtenidos en un grupo de ninos de habla inglesa (Berman y cols., 1989), hallandose diferencias significativas entre ambos estudios, lo cual pudiera ser interpretado como una expresion de diferencias de tipo cultural. Se encontro ademas una alta correlacion entre los valores de las variables de los ninos que participaron en este estudio y los resultados obtenidos en una muestra de adultos hispanohablantes estudiada por Manzano y cols. EnglishSnodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) standardized a set of 260 pictures in a sample of English speaking adults. In this article the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) set of 257 pictures was standardized for Spanish speaking children. A sample of 120 children participated. Sixty subjects participated in a naming study and sixty evaluated the familiarity and the complexity of the pictures. For each figure the entropy (a measure of the dispersion) across subjects, percentage of agreement in naming, familiarity, complexity, the frequency of the corresponding written and spoken words, the typicality, the age of acquisition and the length of the modal name were calculated. These indexes were compared to those reported for English speaking children (Berman et al., 1989). Significant differences were found which could be expressing the existing culture differences among the groups. Correlations between the Manzano et al., (1997) Spanish adult' ratings and the children's ratings were high and strong.","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"27 1","pages":"215-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78367871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cambio dinámico de la preparación para realizar una tarea cognitiva: pruebas a favor de una operación de control del procesamiento","authors":"F. Mejias, E. Gómez","doi":"10.1174/021435500760373950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/021435500760373950","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn este trabajo exploramos el papel de los mecanismos endogenos de control en el procesamiento cognitivo. Para ello revisamos la evidencia experimental procedente de la investigacion sobre preparacion de tarea. Llevar a cabo una tarea implica el encadenamiento entre un cierto input y un Determinado output. Dicho encadenamiento se denomina \"preparacion de tarea\". Cambiar de una preparacion de tarea a otra produce un descenso en la ejecucion, un \"costo\" Hay dos explicaciones principales de dicho costo. Una asume la existencia de un ejecutivo central encargado de crear y cambiar las preparaciones de tarea. El costo reflejaria las limitaciones de capacidad de ese mecanismo. Segun una hipotesis contraria al costo procede de una interferencia previa automatica. Existiria una \"inercia de preparacion mental\" que mantendria activada la preparacion anterior aunque se necesitara una nueva, En el trabajo se revisa la evidencia a favor de ambas hipotesis y se proponen lineas de investigacion que contribuyan a clarificar el papel de los mecanismos controlados y automaticos en el cambio de tarea. EnglishIn this work we explore the role of endogenous control mechanisms in cognitve processing. We review experimental evidence from task-set research. Carrying out a task involves linking a certain input to some output. This input-output linking is referred to as a \"task set\". Switching from one task set to another leads to a decrease in performance, known as switch cost. There are two main accounts of switch cost. One of them assumes the existence of a central executive responsible for setting up and shifting task sets. According to this model switch cost would reflect the capacity limits of such a mechanism. A rival hypothesis considers switch cost to arise from an automatic proactive interference between competing task sets. There would be a so-called task-set inertia which would keep the previous task set activated even when a new one is called for. We review the different evidence supporting both hypotheses and, finally, propose future research lines which could contribute to clarify the role of both controlled and automatic mechanisms in the study of task set.","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"242 1","pages":"199-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76703980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Características fenomenológicas de los recuerdos independientes del dontexto","authors":"Emiliano Díez Villoria, M. Alonso, Á. F. Ramos","doi":"10.1174/021435500760373941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/021435500760373941","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa relacion entre contexto ambiental y memoria se ha estudiado experimentalmente con resultados contradictorios. Una aproximacion diferente, basada en el uso de un cuestionario fenomenologico (el MCQ. Johnson y cols, 1988) proporciona datos que ayudan a comprender algunas caracteristicas de los recuerdos dependientes del contexto. Los resultados muestran que dichos recuerdos se caracterizan por una localizacion clara del lugar donde se produjo el suceso, claridad sobre la epoca del ano, un argumento realista y la evocacion de sentimientos asociados al suceso. Ademas, los recuerdos dependientes del contextos se caracterizan tambien por contener poca informacion relativa a sonidos, olores, sensaciones tactiles y sabores, y por tener pocas implicaciones personales serias. Ademas de permitir una caracterizacion del fenomeno mas completa que la disponible hasta el momento, estos datos tambien proporcionan sugerencias para futuros planteamientos empiricos. EnglishThe relationship between environmental context and memory has been experimentally studied with puzzling results. A different approach, based on the use of a phenomenological questionnaire (the MCQ, Johnson et al., 1988), provides data that helps to understand some characteristics of context-dependent memory. The results allow for a characterization of this type of memory as one in which the location where the event takes place and the season of occurrence are clear, the story line is simple and realistic, and the subjects remember how they felt at the time when the event took place. Contextually based memories appear to contain little information relative to sounds, smells, touch and taste, and, in retrospective, the event is not judged to be of particular importance in the life of the rememberer. Besides providing a characterization of the phenomenon that is more complete than previous accounts, the data also provide suggestions for further empirical research.","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"75 1","pages":"175-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83367438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibición de Retorno al lugar y al color en detección y discriminación","authors":"P. Garmendia, Juan Lapiáñez","doi":"10.1174/021435500760373932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/021435500760373932","url":null,"abstract":"espanolCuando se responde a un estimulo que aparece en una posicion que ha sido previamente atendida, el tiempo de reaccion suele ser mayor que cuando el estimulo aparece en una posicion nueva ; este efecto se conoce como Inhibicion de Retorno (al lugar). Por otro lado, recientemente se ha propuesto que la respuesta a un estimulo actual puede ser mas lenta tambien cuando se repite un atributo previamente atendido, diferente del lugar (por ejemplo, color ; Inhibicion de Retorno al color). Aunque el efecto de Inhibicion de Retorno ha sido extensamente replicado en la literatura experimental sobre atencion, su generalidad ha sido criticada recientemente por algunos autores, al no obtenerse el efecto con tareas en las que se responde a un atributo del estimulo distinto de su lugar de aparicion. En el experimento que presentamos en este trabajo los sujetos debian responder a una flecha de color que podra aparecer en uno de dos lugares posibles. Manipulamos de forma independiente el hecho de que la flecha apareciera en un lugar y / o color previamente atendidos, para estudiar los efectos respectivos de Inhibicion de Retorno al lugar y al color. Obtuvimos ambos efectos de Inhibicion de Retorno en una tarea de deteccion y en tres tareas en que los sujetos debian discriminar el color o la direccion de la flecha. Por tanto, se aporta evidencia acerca de la generaldiad del efecto atencional de Inhibicion de Retorno. Igualmente discutimos las implicaciones de estos resultados para modelos atencionales que otorgan un papel independiente y preponderante al procesamiento del lugar frente a otros atributos. EnglishReaction time to a stimulus is slower when it appears in a previously attended location than when it appears in a new location. This effect is known as Inhibition of Return (location-based). Similarly, recently it has been proposed that reaction time can also be slower when an attribute different from location is repeated (e.g., color-based Inhibition of Return). The Inhibition of Return effect has been replicated many times in the experimental literature about attention. However, its generality has been recently disputed on the ground that the effect can only be obtained in detection and localization tasks, as it is not obtained when subjects are to respond to an attribute different from location. In this paper we report one experiment in which both location and color repetition were crossed to study the location- and color-based Inhibition of Return effects, respectively. Subjects were to respond to a colored arrow (target), and all groups showed both Inhibition of Return effects, no matter whether they had to detect the target or to discriminate one of its attributes (direction or color). Therefore our results support Inhibition of Return as a general attentional effect. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for attentional models that give a special status to processing of location against other features.","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"33 1","pages":"151-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78059234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}