Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale最新文献

{"title":"Perception of two vowel contrast by rats: discrimination of natural tokens","authors":"J. M. Toro, J. B. Trobalon, Ferran Pons","doi":"10.1174/0214355054739273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/0214355054739273","url":null,"abstract":"La percepcion fonetica ha sido estudiada en diferentes especies animales usando silabas aisladas, vocales o consonantes, proporcionando varios resultados similares entre humanos y animales. Sin embargo, la medida en que estas similitudes se encuentran en el procesamiento de estimulos naturales mas complejos es todavia un tenia de debate. En este manuscrito presentamos dos experimentos sobre la percepcion de distintos contrastes vocalicos en ratas. Se usaron tres pseudo palabras, producidas por varias locutoras, que contenian el contraste a estudio. En el Experimento 1 las ratas pudieron diferenciar diferentes ejemplares de la pseudo palabra [dedil de ejemplares de la pseudo palabra [dudi/. En el experimento 2, esta discriminacion fue tambien observada en pseudo palabras que contenian vocales mas cercanas: [dodi]y [dudi]. Los resultados muestran que las ratas pueden normalizar a traves de diferentes caracteristicas del habla natural, y que son capaces de percibir contrastes vocalicos dentro de palabras.","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"5 1","pages":"173-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74524647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olvido inducido por la recuperación con experiencias emocionales positivas y negativas","authors":"Elvira García Bajos, Malen Migueles Seco","doi":"10.1174/0214355054739291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/0214355054739291","url":null,"abstract":"Investigaciones recientes muestran que recordar puede causar olvido de material relacionado. Este fenomeno denominado olvido inducido por la recuperacion enfatiza los procesos inhibitorios de la memoria en situaciones de competicion. Este experimento amplia el paradigma del olvido inducido por la recuperacion a la memoria de experiencias emocionales positivas y negativas vi vidas por otras personas. En la fase de estudio, para manipular la competicion, los participantes recibieron experiencias de dos personajes: positivas de ambos, negativas de ambos, positivas del personaje de repaso y negativas del de linea base, o al contrario. En la fase de practica recuperaron mediante recuerdo con clave la mitad de las experiencias de un personaje. Y en la fase final trataron de recordar las experiencias de ambos personajes. Los resultados mostraron facilitacion para las experiencias practicadas e inhibicion de las experiencias no practicadas respecto a la linea base, pero solo cuando los personajes tenian experiencias de la misma naturaleza, anulandose la inhibicion cuando tenian experiencias de naturaleza distinta. La competicion entre experiencias y procesos de integracion durante la fase de estudio pueden explicar estos efectos.","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"43 1","pages":"115-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74275805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La interpretación de los pronombre masculinos y femeninos por niños neerlandeses y españoles","authors":"Maira Alija Fernández, Sergio Baauw","doi":"10.1174/0214355053114763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/0214355053114763","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLos ninos ingleses y neerlandeses de entre tres y ocho anos de edad a menudo identifican los pronombres personales de objeto con el sujeto de la misma oraci6n, interpretando oraciones como Mary is pointing at her 'Maria la senala' como Mary is pointing at herself 'Maria se senala.' Los estudios que siguieron a las primeras investigaciones sobre este fenomeno, que denominaremos, el Problema de la Interpretacion Pronominal (PIP), han demostrado que su presencia en la adquisicion no es igual para todas las lenguas, y que ademas su intensidad varia segun el contexto sintactico y las propiedades de los pronombres implicados. En este trabajo tratamos de explicar un curioso contraste en ejecucion entre oraciones con pronombres masculinos y femeninos observado en ninos neerlandeses. Estos mostraban mdsproblem4s con el pronombre haar 'la' que con hem 'lo'. Tal contraste se da en determinadas construcciones biclausales, llamadas de Marcado Excepcional de Caso (MEC), que tambien'n se caracterizan por producir un PIP extrafuerte en ninos neerlandeses, y por ser las unicas construcciones que producen un PIP en ninos espanoles. Argumentamos, basandonos en datos de la adquisicion del neerlandei y resultados experimentales recientes del espanol, que el PIP que surge en las oraciones MEC no es debido a la inmadurez del sistema sintactico, sino a problemas con el procesamiento de caracteristicas morfosintacticas de los pronombres. El PIP adicional que afecta a haar se debe a la ambiguedades este pronombre como pronombre personal y pronombre posesivo. EnglishEnglish and Dutch three-to-eight-year-old children often identify object pronouns with the subject of the same sentence, which leads them to interpret sentences such as Mary is pointing at her as Mary is pointing at herself. The studies that followed the original reasearch on this phenomenon, which we will call the Pronoun Interpretation Problem (PIP), have shown that its presence in acquisition varies across languages and that its intensity is dependent on syntactic context and the properties of the pronouns involved. In this article we try to account for a peculiar contrast in performance between constructions involving masculine and feminine pronouns that has been observed in Dutch-speaking children. These children showed more difficulties with the pronoun haar 'her' than with hem 'him'. This contrast in performance shows up in one specific type of biclausal constructions, called Exceptional Case Marking (ECM) constructions, which are also known to give rise to an extra-strong PIP in Dutch children and which are the only constructions that give rise to a PIP in Spanish children. We argue, on the basis of data from the acquisition of Dutch and recent experimental results on Spanish, that the PIP that shows up in ECM constructions is not the result of an inmature syntactic system, but is due to problems with the processing of morphosyntactic features of pronouns. The additional PIP that affects haar 'he","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"1 1","pages":"3-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89706967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diferencias individuales en aritmética cognitiva. Influencia de los procesos de recuperación de hechos numéricos","authors":"J. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1174/0214355053114754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/0214355053114754","url":null,"abstract":"Este trabajo ha sido disenado para analizar de que manera las diferencias individuales en la recuperacion eficaz y automatica de hechos numericos desde la memoria, del tito \"3 + 5 = 8\", afectan a la ejecucion en tareas mas complejas en las que estos mecanismos de recuperacion sean un componente, como las operaciones multidigitos. A partir de la cronometria mental, y con una muestra de 32 sujetos (16 con dificultades en la aritmetica y 16 sin dificultades) se aplicaron pruebas para evaluar la eficacia y la automatizacion de la recuperacion de hechos, y la eficacia en operaciones multidigitos. Los resultados muestran que los sujetos con dificultades presentan un deficit en la recuperacion automatica de hechos, y este deficit repercute en la ejecucion de operaciones multidigitos, posiblemente porque no cuentan con los recursos cognitivos necesarios para las demandas de otros procesos implicados en la tarea.","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"128 11 1","pages":"71-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81277735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El procesamiento de oraciones con conectores adversativos y causales","authors":"M. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1174/0214355053114745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/0214355053114745","url":null,"abstract":"espanolSe investigo el papel funcional de los conectores adversativos (pero, aunque) y causales (porque, como). En el Experimento 1 los participantes leyeron oraciones con sesgo adversativo o causal, en las que el conector correspondiente estaba presente o ausente (v.g., El montanero tuvo mala suerte al trepar a lo alto de la montana (porque) al llegar se torcio un tobillo). La presencia del conector acelero la lectura de la mayor parte de la segunda clausula (al llegar se torcio) y de la oracion siguiente, pero la enlentecio en el ultimo segmento de dicha clausula (un tobillo). En el Experimento 2, todas las oraciones llevaban un conector, pero solo en la mitad de los casos era el apropiado al sesgo de la oracion (v.g., El peaton quiso saltar el gran charco que habia en la calle, pero (porque) se cayo sentado en el agua). Los resultados mostraron que los lectores leian mucho mas lentamente la segunda clausula en presencia de un conector inapropiado. Los mismos resultados se obtuvieron en el Experimento 3, en que se utilizaron los conectores aunque o como al comienzo de la oracion, es decir con una funcion cataforica. Se discuten los resultados en terminos de la teoria funcionalista de Givon, y la nocion de dinamica de fuerzas de Talmy. EnglishThe functional role of adversative (but, although) and causal (because, since) connectives was explored. In Experiment 1, participants read sentences with adversative or causal biases, and with the corresponding connective either present or absent (e.g., While climbing up the mountain the mountaineer was unfortunate [because} when he arrived he twisted his ankle). The connective speeded up reading during most of the second clause (when he arrived he twisted) and the next sentence, but slowed down reading in the last segment of the former clause (his ankle). In Experiment 2, every sentence included a connective, but only half of them matched the sentence bias (e.g., The pedestrian tried to jump the pool in the street, but [because} she fell on her button in the water). The results showed that readers read the second clause much slower when the connective was inappropriate. Similar results were obtained in Experiment 3, in which the connectives although or because were used cataphorically at the beginning of the sentence. The results are discussed in terms of Givon's functionalist theory, and Talmy's notion of force dynamics","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"116 1","pages":"85-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79266182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nature of residual cost in task switching","authors":"Francisco José Tornay Mejias, Antonio González, A. Pereda, E. Milán","doi":"10.1174/0214355053114781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/0214355053114781","url":null,"abstract":"Presentamos dos experimentos en los que se compara el coste que aparece al cambiar de una tarea a otra bajo condiciones predecibles. En nuestra investigacion comprobaremos la hipotesis de Rogers & Monsell's (1995, Stimulus cued completion hypothesis), asi como sus variantes y alternativas. En nuestro primer experimento creamos dos condiciones: Linea base (estimulo-respuesta), se trata de una replica de Tornay y Milun (2001, Experimento 3); la segunda condicion (estimulo-NoRespuesta) es identica a la anterior, la unica diferencia es que los participantes debian prestar atencion al estimulo durante los ensayos de cambio de tarea, pero sin ejecutar respuesta alguna. Los resultados indican que, en la segunda condicion, en lugar de desaparecer el coste con los ensayos de primera repeticion, el coste desaparecia entre los ensayos de primera y segunda repeticion. Nuestro segundo experimento es similar a la segunda condicion del Experimento uno, pero los participantes no sabian si debian o no responder hasta el final de cada ensayo, momento en el que aparecia una senal go-nogo. En este caso, de nuevo el coste se desplaza desde los ensayos de cambio a los de primera repeticion. Podemos concluir que prestar atencion al estimulo o preparar una respuesta a el no es suficiente para completar la reconfiguracion. Debe emitirse una respuesta relevante para la tarea para que se consiga una completa reconfiguracion.","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"73 1","pages":"55-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88027401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La neurociencia cognitiva, la psicología cognitiva y nuestro sistema cognitivo","authors":"M. Martín-Loeches","doi":"10.1174/0214355042248884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/0214355042248884","url":null,"abstract":"The central idea of this comment is that whereas the human being is able to classify the reality by identifying semantic categories within the surrounding world, the system fails when we ask a human being for the definition of a category, as much as for the criteria to include or exclude a given object within a category. Even though, the system is highly efficient despite this limitation. This might be the situation for cognitive neuroscientists: they are doing Cognitive Neuroscience even if they cannot define this discipline nor decide what is and what is not Cognitive Neuroscience. Nevertheless, this would not be a serious problem, since cognitive neuroscientists must do Cognitive Neuroscience, being philosophers of Science more appropriate for the work of defining a scientific discipline.","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"67 1","pages":"211-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84051166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La \"vieja\" nueva ciencia y la tesis de la modularidad","authors":"Albert Costa Martínez, S. Soto-Faraco","doi":"10.1174/0214355042248820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/0214355042248820","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn este comentario nos planteamos dos reflexiones sobre la revision de Escera. Primero, nos preguntamos hasta que punto el avance en las tecnicas experimentales que permiten entender mejor la relacion entre procesos cognitivos y mecanismos cerebrales, implica realmente que el objeto de estudio de la llamada neurociencia cognitiva es de hecho diferente al de la \"vieja\" ciencia denominada psicologia cognitiva. A diferencia de lo defendido en el articulo de Escera, somos escepticos sobre que el fin ultimo de la psicologia cognitiva es de hecho distinto al de la neurociencia cognitiva. En segundo lugar, planteamos los posibles peligros de llevar demasiado lejos la tesis de la modularidad en el intento de explicar la relacion entre las funciones cognitivas y su representacion cerebral EnglishIn this commentary we focus on two of the main tenets in Escera's review article. First, we question whether the development of new experimental techniques that enable a better understanding of the brain/mind relationship, does actually imply a shift in the object of study between cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience. In contrast to the claims made in Esceras review, we are skeptical about the idea that cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience have different goals. Second, we argue for the need to exert some caution before embracing the modularity thesis too strictly when trying to account for the relationship between cognitive functions and brain localization.","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"5 1","pages":"177-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79719038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurociencia cognitiva o moderna neurociencia","authors":"Francisco Barceló","doi":"10.1174/0214355042248901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/0214355042248901","url":null,"abstract":"This commentary is a reflection upon the conceptual segregation of Cognitive Neuroscience, a subject area devoted to the study of the biological foundations of human mind, from the more general domain of Neuroscience, in order to consider it as a distinct and separate scientific discipline. Perhaps such a conceptual segregation can be supported on the basis of pedagogical or academic organization, but do not seem to reflect strictly scientific reasons nor does it correspond with the historical evolution of disciplines. It is also important to evaluate the dangers of an artificial segregation of subject fields whose spontaneous evolution depends on the mutual convergence and interaction between their fields of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"107 1","pages":"163-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83640370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La neurociencia cognitiva es fisiología","authors":"J. Andrés","doi":"10.1174/0214355042248848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1174/0214355042248848","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa Neurociencia Cognitiva ha jugado un rol clave en la comprension de la funcion cerebral a lo largo de los ultimos cincuenta anos. No hay duda de que de que resulto fundamental para reorientar el debate sobre el cerebro y abrir la perspectiva de los investigadores hacia el analisis de los procesos cerebrales. Sin embargo, puede considerarse que su papel historico esta proximo a finalizar en la medida en que los hallazgos y conclusiones que ha posibilitado van permitiendo interpretar estos procesos como funciones cerebrales que son objeto de estudio de la Fisiologia. Desde esta perspectiva, se puede proponer, con caracter especulativo, que la Neurociencia Cognitiva sera considerada en el futuro como una disciplina transitoria, con una vida limitada tal que su propio desarrollo ha sentado las bases para la incorporacion de sus conceptos a otra disciplina mas amplia EnglishCognitive Neuroscience has played a role in the understanding of brain function along the last fifty years. There is not doubt on its relevance to readdress the debate on the brain an to open the analysis towards brain processes. Nevertheless, it can be considered that this historic role is close to be finished as far as its findings and conclusions allows to interpret brain processes as brain functions that are objects to be studied by Physiology. Under this scope, it can be speculatively proposed that Cognitive Neuroscience will be considered in the future as a transitory discipline, with a span life limited by its own achievements that has established the basis to permit its cannibalization by a broader discipline.","PeriodicalId":39889,"journal":{"name":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale","volume":"87 1","pages":"227-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88424557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}