Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica最新文献

{"title":"[The first lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic from the psychiatric patients' perspective: an ambulatory care client experience survey].","authors":"Laszlo Pogany,&nbsp;Andras Aron Horvath,&nbsp;Adrienne Slezak,&nbsp;Eva Rozsavolgyi,&nbsp;Judit Lazary","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) required the declaration of a state of emergency in Hungary from 11 March 2020 to 18 June 2020. These governmental actions led to changes in everyday life, implementation of new rules, and reduced access to healthcare. Hospital beds were reserved for emergency use, face-to-face ambulatory care was mainly replaced by telemedicine. In our study we assessed opinion of the patients in two outpatient psychiatric care units in Budapest regarding the state of emergency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 438 patients in the survey (305 women and 133 men, mean age: 51.9±16.2 years). The patients completed a short questionnaire on a voluntary and anonymous basis following verbal informed consent. The questionnaire was comprised of 10 items and a 12-item \"Problem Evaluation Scale\" (fear, isolation and healthcare subscales). The comparison of groups was done using general linear models (GLM), pairwise comparison was performed using Tukey's test for post hoc analysis. The data set was analyzed with SPSS software, version 24.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Up to 34% of enrolled patients believed that their condition worsened during the state of emergency, but 12% of these patients thought that this worsening was not related to the state of emergency. Twice as many patients (12.8%) were concerned about their financial situation than about their health status (6.1%). Loneliness and the implementation of specific regulations didn't cause relevant distress in almost half of the patients, isolation was the most frequently (55.2%) reported difficulty. The worsening of health status was reported more frequently (p=0.001) by the patients younger than 50 years, the sensation of fear was stronger (p=0.045), and they reported more serious adaptation difficulties (p=0.003) than subjects older than 50 years. Isolation caused significantly (p=0.003) more serious distress among women. The abundance of pandemic-related information caused more distress in the case of patients treated for anxiety than participants treated for psychotic disorders (p=0.024). Patients suffering from affective disorders perceived more pronounced feelings of vulnerability compared to patients treated for psychotic disorders (p=0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Approximately half of the enrolled psychiatric patients was able to adapt to this situation without major difficulties, the other half of this sample was more or less distressed by these circumstances. Unfortunately, depletion of emotional, psychological, social and material resources can be expected during the next stage of the pandemic. As a result, we can expect further worsening of the above presented aspects.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"22 4","pages":"144-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38659779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of COVID-19 on psychological well-being, lifestyle and attitudes towards the origins of the pandemic in psychiatric patients and mentally healthy subjects: fi rst Hungarian descriptive results from a large international online study].","authors":"Barbara Kulig,&nbsp;Berta Erdelyi-Hamza,&nbsp;Livia Priyanka Elek,&nbsp;Illes Kovacs,&nbsp;Daria Smirnova,&nbsp;Konstantinos Fountoulakis,&nbsp;Xenia Gonda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-2019 pandemic has presented a new situation affecting not only the somatic but the mental health of people worldwide and exposing the world including healthcare professionals to a challenge never experienced before. Therefore its effects on mental health, although can be estimated, but cannot be predicted, thus we are only halfways prepared for understanding as well as screening, preventing and treating the pandemic-related mental health problems. For this reason, the Mental Health Sector of the Scientific Researches Institute of the Pan-Hellenic Medical Association prepared a large, international online, general population study with participation from over 42 countries, assessing various aspects of general mental function, needs and behaviors that could occur during the COVID-19 outbreak, as a result of either the outbreak itself or the social measures adopted in order to control it. While the study is ongoing, here we present the first descriptive results from the Hungarian study sample including 738 adult participants collected during the first wave of COVID-19-associated lockdown, focusing on differences in the effect of COVID-19 on psychological and lifestyle measures, as well as attitudes towards the pandemic between mentally healthy participants and people with mental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"22 4","pages":"154-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38659781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Borderline personality disorder in the light of developmental psychopathology].","authors":"Judit Mezei,&nbsp;Anita Juhasz,&nbsp;Tunde Kilencz,&nbsp;Gabriella Vizin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in psychiatric care has shown growing tendencies. Despite its frequency, it is an underdiagnosed disease. Profound knowledge of etiological factors of BPD is essential for the proper diagnosis and treatment. The present study aims to provide a developmental psychopathological analysis of borderline personality disorder, which includes a thorough review of genetic and environmental etiological factors, an introduction to the functionalist approach of evolutionary perspective, and an overview of age specific characteristics of borderline symptoms. Recent research suggests that in addition to neurobiological and psychosocial factors, genetic vulnerability may be responsible for the development of BPD. Psychosocial background includes childhood trauma, maternal mental illness, maladaptive parenting styles and dysfunctional parent-child relationship, all of which are recognized as contributing factors to the development of insecure or disorganized attachment styles in the infant. Regarding the neurobiological background, changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotransmission, endogenous opioid system, and neuroplasticity play a prominent role, the development of which is also affected by childhood traumatic events. Brain imaging studies reveal differences in the limbic system (hippocampus, amygdala) and frontal cortex, which are also involved in stress response, cognition, memory function, and emotion regulation. Early developmental processes may also play an important role in the development of the disorder, as depression during pregnancy or increased stress affects the quality of maternal care and may also affect gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. With respect to the gene-environment interaction, the interaction of the child's impulsive traits and the invalidating family environment can be highlighted, which can lead to disruption of emotion regulation. The persistence of BPD symptoms is supported by the evolutionary approach concerning several aspects. Fear of abandonment can be explained by the anticipation of exclusion and maladaptive attempts to avoid it. Developmental psychopathological analysis contributes to the development of effective prevention and intervention tools through a better understanding of the background of borderline personality disorder. In terms of prognosis, as a result of effective treatments, symptoms can be reduced, so improvement can be achieved in a large proportion of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":" ","pages":"102-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38492466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Developmental psychopathology perspective of Social Anxiety Disorder].","authors":"Flora Strell-Zimonyi,&nbsp;Anna Kovacs,&nbsp;Monika Miklosi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review aims to present social anxiety disorder from a developmental psychopathological perspective. Evolutionary theories share the view that social anxiety might be adaptive in specific contexts, and suggest several mechanisms of dysfunction (adaptive trade-off , mismatch, individual differences). The aetiology of social anxiety disorder is characterized by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors including gene-environment interactions,correlations and epigenetic mechanisms. Although the main diagnostic criteria of social anxiety disorder are the same throughout the lifespan, developmental characteristics alter its presentation. In children, behavioural symptoms are common. We can view refusal of speech as a specific manifestation of avoidant behaviour related to young age. Therefore, some researchers suggest that selective mutism is an age-specific subtype of the disorder. Even though the majority of researchers agree that behavioural inhibition is an age-specific temperamental risk factor of social anxiety disorder, it might also be viewed as an early, subclinical form of the disorder. In adolescence, as part of the normal development, there is a temporary increase of social anxiety. In this age group, however, there is also an increase in the prevalence of socialanxiety disorder. Adult-onset social anxiety disorder is rare. In adults, social anxiety disorder has to be diff erentiated from avoidant personality disorder. Social anxiety disorder is characterized by strong homotypic continuity, but evidence for a heterotypic continuity is also available,especially with other anxiety disorders and major depression, probably due to shared genetic factors. The developmental psychopathological approach of social anxiety - developmental paths, age-specific characteristics, etc. - may contribute to an early recognition of the disorder and facilitate more effective therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":" ","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38492464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The contribution of developmental psychopathology to the better understanding of mental disorders].","authors":"Monika Miklosi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental psychopathology is a relatively new discipline which aims to synthetize theories and empirical results of multiple disciplines focusing on development or psychopathology developmental psychology, psychopathology, neuroscience, genetics, personality psychology, volutionary psychopathology, etc.), in order to uncover mechanisms responsible for normative development and its alterations (psychopathology). We aim to give an introduction into three main themes of developmental psychopathology: models of evolutionary psychopathology mechanisms of the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors contributing normal and abnormal development, and the age-specific characteristics of mental disorders, as well as their continuities and discontinuities across the lifespan. The perspective of developmental psychopathology adds to our deeper understanding of the aetiology and course of mental disorders, and their recognition and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":" ","pages":"84-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38492462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Developmental psychopathological characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder].","authors":"Adrienn Kertesz,&nbsp;Marton Kiss-Leizer,&nbsp;Istvan Szalma,&nbsp;Gabriella Vizin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the currently available research data obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)is a disorder of multifactorial etiology, the causes of which include biological, genetic and environmental-social factors alike. Based on an etiology of that kind, it is justifiable to conduct a developmental psychopathological review of OCD, which may lead, through an exploration of the different factors involved, to a deeper understanding of the disorder's overall nature and specific characteristics, as well as to the development of the most efficient therapies possible. The main objective of the present comprehensive study is the developmental psychopathological analysis of the OCD, including the review of the evolutionary approaches and genetic and environmental factors, as well as an exploration of OCD's age-specific forms of manifestation, based on the recent research results and analyses available in the professional literature. According to our present knowledge, the genetic linkage of early-onset OCD is greater than that of the late-onset variant, as the onset of the syndrome can be attributed to genetic factors to the extent of 40-60%, coupled with the contribution of environmental factors like perinatal disorders, reproductive cycle, childhood infections, familial circumstances, age of the parents and traumatic life events. Evolutionary theories address OCD from a functional perspective. They strive to attribute it primarily to individual or group selection theories that a quite heterogeneous OCD syndrome, which is therapeutically difficult to change, remains to present itself with close to identical, invariably high prevalence in all cultures despite the difficulties. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is present in all ages, and it is often difficult to determine whether we are faced with a healthy or a pathological behavior, as certain obsessive phenomena may appear as part of normal development. The analysis of OCD's etiology, a better understanding of the respective function of specific symptoms, a thorough exploration of age-specific variants of the disorder, i.e. a developmental psychopathological analysis of OCD, is of key importance from diagnostic, therapeutic and vocational rehabilitation aspects alike.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":" ","pages":"129-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38492904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bipolar aff ective disorder - Perspectives on Developmental Psychopathology].","authors":"Judit Bencsik,&nbsp;Anna Maria Lisincki,&nbsp;Dora Vajda,&nbsp;Marta Virag,&nbsp;Gabriella Vizin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of bipolar affective disorder is 3% in the general population, with a first occurrence around the age of 20-30. The first symptoms are usually rather mild, thus it is difficult to reach a decision about the diagnosis within the first years. In the past years bipolar affective disorder received increased attention because of the relatively high lifetime prevalence. Nowadays experts in the field try to reach a consensus in understanding the earlier phases of the syndrome, as earlier therapeutic interventions tend to have a better result. General developmental psychopathological factors, and gene-environment interactions or evolutionary theories can greatly contribute to early recognition and understanding of the syndrome. The main aim of our article is to explore the possible developmental psychopathological background of bipolar affective disorder through overview of the literature on general developmental psychopathology factors, gene-environment interaction, and the evolutionary approach, which can contribute to more effective methods of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":" ","pages":"121-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38492467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Savant-syndrome - something for something?]","authors":"Zsuzsanna Belteczki,&nbsp;Zoltan Rihmer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In our review we describe the development of savant syndrome as a concept, its historical antecedents, most important characteristics and spectrum of savantism, and the frequency and features of the most common savant abilities. We present the relationship between autism and savant syndrome, the eff ect of genetic and familial factors, and the characteristics of savant memory functions and intelligence. We provide an overview of the most important theories explaining savantism and the future direction of research.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"22 2","pages":"60-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38168751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Antidepressants sometimes lead to rapid remission in the treatment of anorexia nervosa].","authors":"Ferenc Tury,&nbsp;Agnes Mezei,&nbsp;Gabor Szenyei,&nbsp;Zoltan Rihmer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the treatment of anorexia nervosa the dominant role of psychotherapies is proposed, while pharmacotherapy has a limited effi cacy. Because of the broad comorbidity spectrum of the disorder, other psychiatric disorders are often present. Among them depression is frequent, so one of the selective theories of eating disorders stresses the importance of the relationship with depression. In everyday practice we frequently encounter anorexic patients whose depressive symptoms are mild or moderate, and these are often regarded as usual accompanying phenomena of anorexia. The three case reports described in the present study support that it is worth to consider the application of antidepressants in such situations. In all three cases antidepressants were initiated following ineffi cacy of psychotherapy, and they produced a dramatic eff ectiveness not only in depressive symptoms, but also in the whole anorexic syndrome. In the complex therapy of anorexia nervosa antidepressants may yield a very good therapeutic eff ect in cases with comorbid, even subthreshold depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"22 2","pages":"72-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38168752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Psychopharmacological aspects of nutrition].","authors":"Judit Radics,&nbsp;Eva Rozsavolgyi,&nbsp;Gabor Kovacs","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nowadays the role of nutrition is increasingly appreciated in the development of the various mental disorders as well as in employing effi cacious therapies. Realizing this development and following international professional examples we have established the Hungarian Psychiatric Association's Nutritional Science Section in 2018. Our present paper reports on the connection between mental disorders and nutrition, reviewing the relevant literature from two directions. On the one hand, insuffi cient consumption of essential micronutrients, trace elements, (pro) vitamins cause defi ciencies leading to disrupted production and function of essential enzymes and neurotransmitters and consequentially to emergence of psychopathological symptoms as well as impeding the development of eff ect of adequately administered psychopharmacons and the effi ciency and success of pharmacotherapy. On the other hand, our paper also reviews potentially dangerous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of nutraceuticals and dietary supplements used for health prevention purposes in parallel to pharmacotherapies which may infl uence or decrease eff ectiveness of medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"22 2","pages":"56-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38168749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}