Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica最新文献

{"title":"Hypocapnia and mental stress can trigger vicious circles in critically ill patients due to energy imbalance: a hypothesis presented through cardiogenic pulmonary oedema.","authors":"Andras Sikter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathophysiologic significance of hypocapnia is strongly underestimated both in functional and organic diseases. Alterations of carbon dioxide levels immediately appear in the cytoplasm, causing abrupt pH changes. Compensatory mechanisms develop with latency, so intracellular alkalosis or acidosis can affect metabolism for hours/days. Hyperventilation alkalosis increases metabolic energy/O₂ demand, while ATP production is often reduced due to developing hypophosphatemia. A healthy organism serves the increased energy demand conveniently, as a consequence, the excitability of the corticospinal and neuromuscular systems grows. Functional diseases can occur due to increased membrane Ca2+ transients but tissues remain structurally unchanged. By contrast, a critically ill myocardium cannot satisfy the increased energy demand caused by acute hypocapnia. Vicious circles can occur, with cardiac forward and backward failure; pulmonary wedge pressure increases parallel with the lack of energy which can lead to pulmonary oedema and death. Hypocapnia can generate fatal vicious circles in several critical illnesses. Sympathicotonia and hypocapnia enhance arousal and make biological systems energetically unstable, thus vicious circles almost unavoidably occur. Somatic and psychic processes mutually influence each other, resulting in psychosomatic or somatopsychic disorders. The ability to provide energy supplies can be an important dividing line between organic and functional diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"20 2","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36417514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prediction of response to lamotrigine treatment in bipolar outpatients: a multicentric, 6-month, prospective, observational study].","authors":"Xenia Gonda,&nbsp;Zoltan Rihmer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In case of a major depressive episode it is crucial to establish whether this is a depressive episode in the course of a bipolar I or bipolar II disorder or a \"true\" unipolar major depression which is possible through screening for lifetime manic or hypomanic episodes and can be facilitated by the use of the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32). In cases where (hypo)mania is present in the anamnesis, mood stabilising treatment is warranted even in cases where depressive symptoms predominate the clinical course. However, the association between hypomania in the history and efficacy of mood stabilising lamotrigine treatment has not been previously investigated. In our present study we aimed to analyse clinical and psychosocial characteristics of HCL-32 identified lifetime \"upbeat\" periods, and to establish if there is an association between baseline-assessed HCL-32 3rd part total scores and remission and relapse rates during 6-month lamotrigine treatment. Our results indicate that baseline HCL-32 group 3rd part scores showed a trend for a moderately strong correlation with remission rates by the 4th visit, and a strong significant correlation was observable by the 5th visit. Overall relapse rate showed a significant strong correlation with baseline HCL-32 3rd part score. Therefore our results indicate that there is an association between baseline-assessed lifetime hypomania scores and higher remission and lower relapse rates during 6-month lamotrigine treatment indicating the efficacy of lamotrigine among patients with hypomania during their illness course.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"20 2","pages":"40-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36417512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Emotion regulation and heart rate variability].","authors":"Eszter Szemenyei,&nbsp;Natalia Kocsel,&nbsp;Agota Orkenyi,&nbsp;Gyongyi Kokonyei","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart rate variability (HRV) has been receiving increasing attention not just in medical but also in psychological research. Several studies show that mental disorders are associated with lower levels of HRV. Therefore, HRV has been considered as a transdiagnostic biomarker. The current review spreads light on the possibility that in the connection of HRV and psychopathologies the deficits of emotion regulation or disregulated emotional states can be important mediators. Accordingly, we review the results of the questionnaire-based and experimental studies examining the connection of emotion regulation and resting and/or phasic HRV.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"20 2","pages":"46-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36415448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of a short version of TEMPS-A in Hungarian non-clinical samples.","authors":"Andras Lang,&nbsp;Barbara Papp,&nbsp;Tamas Inancsi,&nbsp;Peter Dome,&nbsp;Xenia Gonda,&nbsp;Zoltan Rihmer,&nbsp;Zsuzsanna Belteczki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) is a widely used measure of affective temperaments. Affective temperaments refer to people's prevailing moods and are important precursors of affective disorders. With the two studies presented in this paper, we aimed to develop a short version of the Hungarian TEMPS-A.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total number of 1857 university students participated in two studies. The original 110-item version and the newly developed short version of TEMPS-A, the anger, depression, and anxiety scales of the PROMIS Emotional Distress item bank, the Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the Well-Being Index were administered to participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the original 110 items, 40 items of TEMPS-A loaded on five factors that represented the five affective temperaments. Factors of the short version showed moderate to strong correlations with their original counterparts. All factors had good to excellent internal reliability. Factors of the newly developed short version of TEMPSA showed meaningful correlations with measures of emotional distress, mania, and indices of psychological well-being.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The short version of the Hungarian TEMPS-A is a promising instrument both in clinical fields and for academic research. The newly developed short version proved to be a valid and reliable measure of affective temperaments.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"20 1","pages":"4-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36123166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis: the Janus-faced disorder].","authors":"Ildiko Sipos","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recognition of the antibody-mediated encephalitis as a separate entity among the immune disorders of the central nervous system was one of the greatest breakthroughs of the last two decades in neurology. Unlike viral or tumor-related encephalitis, the antibody-mediated form has a good response to immunotherapy, which gives a special clinical importance to the discovery. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is one of the first fully characterized antibody-mediated encephalitises. This article attempts to summarize the clinical features of this complex neuropsychiatric disorder with the aim to help its early recognition and to report the clinical course and the outcome of our six seropositive anti-NMDAR cases. The disease appears typically in young females and often combined with ovarian teratoma. However, the antibody production could develop without any malignancy. The course of the illness is usually monophasic, but 10% of the cases are relapsing. The anti-NMDAR encephalitis is the result of disturbed glutamatergic neurotransmission due to the internalization of the receptor-antibody complexes. The disease usually develops after a common viral infection, but recent data proved that anti-NMDAR encephalitis could also develop after herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis. The Janus-faced clinical course of the disease is the obstacle of the early recognition. Psychiatric symptoms - like delusion, hallucination and agitation - dominate in the first, cortical phase of the illness, which are indistinguishable from the signs of primary psychosis. The true nature of the disease only reveals later, with the appearance of the basal ganglia territory and brainstem sings, such as perioral hyperkinesia and bradycardia. Further delays the diagnosis that the leading symptoms of the second phase could be interpreted as the side effects of the initial treatment. According to expert psychiatrists, the unusual dynamic of the psychotic symptoms and the lack of response to the neuroleptic drugs could lead toward the idea of the anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The final diagnosis depends on the detection of the anti-NMDAR antibody from the cerebrospinal fluid or the serum, respectively. Haloperidol is the most potent drug to treat the psychotic symptoms of the cortical phase; however due to its antidopaminergic side effect atypical neuroleptics are recommended by the experts. The immunological treatment is the administration of intravenous corticosteroid combined with plasma exchange or with intravenous IgG infusion. The immunotherapy in most of the cases is successful, but the recovery is long and it requires strong cooperation between the psychiatrists, neurologists and intensive care therapists.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"20 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36122639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The practical considerations of antidepressant use during pregnancy and breastfeeding].","authors":"Peter Dome,&nbsp;Gabor Faludi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Main indications of antidepressants (ADs) as major depressive disorder (MDD) and different kinds of anxiety disorders are quite prevalent during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Due to the possible hazards of in utero and breast milk exposition of ADs, both psychiatrists and mothers frequently have concerns about the use of ADs during the periods of pregnancy and breastfeeding. However, we should also bear in mind that affective disorders left untreated during these periods are also associated with health risks for the mother and the baby as well. Accordingly, the treatment of affective disorders during these periods is essential. For mild cases of affective disorders the recommended treatment modality is typically psychotherapy while for the severe cases pharmacotherapy (including AD treatment) is recommended. Unfortunately, due to the lack of well-designed prospective studies, only sparse information is available on the efficacy and safety of AD treatment in pregnant and breastfeeding women. In this review we try to provide some practical advice in terms of the use of ADs during the periods in question.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"20 1","pages":"26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36122578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Assessing suicide risk using the Brief Suicide Questionnaire - preliminary results].","authors":"Zoltan Rihmer,&nbsp;Peter Dome,&nbsp;Xenia Gonda,&nbsp;Annamaria Rihmer,&nbsp;Zsuzsanna Belteczki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors tested the clinical applicability of a self-developed, 6-item, clinician-rated questionnaire evaluating suicide risk in suicidal and non-suicidal psychiatric inpatients and healthy controls. Results have shown that the questionnaires able to detect marked suicide risk in psychiatric inpatients with a high sensitivity and specificity which indicates its usefulness and good applicability in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"20 1","pages":"14-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36122643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Genetic association analyses of the endocannabinoid system on anxious phenotype].","authors":"Judit Lazary,&nbsp;Nora Eszlari,&nbsp;Gabriella Juhasz,&nbsp;Gyorgy Bagdy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accumulating data confirmed that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in the regulation of stress response and emotional processes, therefore ECS became an important pharmacological target as a potential anxiolytic. Although unequivocal data from animal studies confirmed the relevancy of the ECS in anxious phenotype, human genetic data are poorly available in the literature in this field. In the presented studies we tested possible associations between anxious phenotype and the cannabinoid receptor 1 and the fatty acid amide hydrolase gene polymorphisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Almost 900 subjects were involved in our study from the general population. Anxious phenotype was measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the anxious subscale of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-ANX). Genetic polymorphisms were genotyped from buccal mucosa samples' DNA by MassArray Sequenom technic. General linear models and post hoc tests were performed for statistical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phenotypic variances were not dependent on single marker's effect. However, interaction analyses provided significant results. Carriers of GG genotype of the rs2180619 scored significantly higher on the STAI-T scale in presence of SS genotype of 5-HTTLPR compared to other allelic variants (p=0.0006). SS genotype together with GG genotype meant almost a 5-fold risk to be anxious (OR=4.64, 95% CI: 1.7-12.71). In case of the C385A polymorphism of FAAH gene, A allele was associated with high scores of the BSI-ANX and the STAI-T if there were multiple childhood traumas in the anamnesis compared to C allele (pinteract=0.00002; pinteract=0.0023; respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results confirmed earlier positive data on the association between ECS and anxious phenotype. According to our findings ECS plays a significant role in the pathomechanism of anxious disorders by a complex mechanism of genetic interaction with the serotonin transporter gene and childhood traumas.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"19 4","pages":"177-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35803818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Psychobiological background and clinical aspects of the placebo effect in psychiatry].","authors":"Laszlo Pogany","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The placebo-effect is present in almost every field of medicine, however, in the assessment of the effect of psychotropic drugs it is a major problem. The rise of the placebo-effect in clinical trials is observed during the last decades, in spite of all efforts to introduce new methods in clinical trials to overcome this problem and the number of studies aiming to unveil the mechanisms that lie in the background that this phenomenon have risen. A considerable amount of data has accumulated regarding the psychobiological background of placeboeffect, however, the details of underlying mechanisms are still not clear. Furthermore, the lack of objective tools for the assessment of the phenotypic changes during the treatment of psychiatric disorders makes it even more difficult to differentiate the symptom intensity changes related to drug response from the placebo effect. The consequences of this scarcity of information concerning the background of placebo-effect may hinder the development of new compounds, having enormous medical, scientific and economical disadvantages. In this review we summarise the psychobiological mechanisms in the background of placebo effect and its impact on clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"19 4","pages":"197-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35803815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Maternal bonding style, cholinergic receptor gene polymorphisms in association with smoking-related depressive symptoms].","authors":"Iren Csala,&nbsp;Peter Dome,&nbsp;Judit Lazary","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Backgorund: There is accumulating evidence on the association between the cholinergic system and nicotine dependence (ND) in the literature and the bidirectional relationship of ND and depression. However, the molecular background of the development of ND and related affective phenotype is not clear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 255 tretament-seeking smokers into our study. For phenotyping assessments we used the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Test; The Minnessotta Nicotine Withdrawal Scale; the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Parental Bonding Instrument. DNA was isolated from buccal mucosa sample and CHRNA4 and CHRNB2 gene SNPs were genotyped with MassArray Sequenom techniques. For statistical analyses ANOVA test, Mann-Whitney U test, linear regression, two-step cluster analyses and hapscore tests were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two-step cluster analysis revealed 3 well-differentiated subgroups among smokers based on phenotypic characteristics. One subgroup was associated with the highest withdrawal and depressive scores. Frequency of the risk haplotype of CHRNA4 was significantly higher in this subgroup (p=0.019). Further, lifetime prevalence of major depression was also significantly higher in this subgroup. Besides, CHRNB2 gén variants showed a significant interacting effect with maternal bonding style on suicide thoughts (p=0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results confirmed the genetic effect of CHRNA4 and CHRNB2 on smoking-related depression. These findings suggest that a genetically vulnerable subgroup can be distinguished among smokers and this subphenotype is more prone to withdrawal and depressive symptoms. Our data suggest that suicidal risk depends on both CHRNB2 gene variants and maternal bonding style. Pharmacogenetic concerns of CHRNA4 and CHRNB2 genes might be significant considering suicide as side effect of quitting therapy. Further pharmacogenetic investigations are requierd to clarify this possibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"19 4","pages":"189-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35803816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}