Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica最新文献

{"title":"Neuropsychopharmacology and the Forgotten Language of Psychiatry Madness: From Psychiatry to Neuronology via Neuropsychopharmacology.","authors":"Thomas A Ban","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is an outline of a period in the history of \"madness.\" It begins in the mid-19th century with the separation of the diagnostic concept of \"psychosis\" from the all-embracing diagnostic concept of \"neurosis\", and the discovery of \"psychic refl ex\" that was to become known as \"conditional reflex.\" It continues with the development of the language of psychiatry, in \"psychopathology\" and \"psychiatricnosology:\" during the late-19th and early 20th century; the forgetting of the \"language' by the late 1980s, and the revival of the language in the introduction of \"structural psychopathology\" and assessment instruments as the Diagnostic Criteria of Research (DCR) and Composite Diagnostic Evaluations (CODE), subsequently. The need for \"nosological homotyping\" is considered for the generation of pharmacologically homogenous psychiatric populations for neuropsychopharmacological research and the possibility of using \"structural psychopathology\" for linking mental pathology with conditional refl ex variables is raised. The outline concludes with the assertion that in the light of developments, time has come to replace the term \"psychiatry\" with the term \"neuronology.\" \u0000\u0000(Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2021; 23(2): 249-265).</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"23 2","pages":"249-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39270911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidepressants as antiviral drugs?","authors":"Gabor Kovacs","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this survey paper is to draw attention to the antiviral effects of the antidepressants. Recent experience with CoV-2 infection and difficulties in prevention and therapy of COVID-19 point out the lack of specific antiviral drugs, leading to the use of repurposed drugs. A number of drugs, registered for various disorders for decades including antidepressants were considered in the prevention and treatment of COVID. Preclinical studies verified the antiviral effects of some antidepressants, first of all fluoxetine and fluvoxamine. These drugs inhibit the entry of viruses into the cell, arrest their intracellular pathway, and block their replication if used in the dose of usual human therapy, according to most of the studies. However, there are only a few in vivo studies available on the antiviral effects of antidepressants. According to observation of French clinicians in the course of the pandemia in COVID-19 therapy, epidemiological studies of the morbidity and mortality of patients on antidepressants, the association of SSRI use and reduced intubation and mortality confirm the results of in vitro trials in clinical practice. However, antidepressants are not yet registered for infectious diseases, their beneficial effects can be exploited in case of comorbidity or post-COVID syndrome. (Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2021; 23(2): 240-248).</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"23 2","pages":"240-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39270910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dopamine D3 Receptors: From Bench to Bedside.","authors":"Xenia Gonda,&nbsp;Frank I. Tarazi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dopamine D3 receptors belong to the dopamine D2-like receptor family, which also includes D2 and D4 receptors. These receptors have limited anatomical distribution and are mainly expressed in brain regions and pathways that typically mediate the actions of antipsychotic drugs and medication used against Parkinson's disease (PD). The development of cariprazine, the fi rst D2/D3 partial agonist with prominent affi nity and preferential activity at D3 receptors over other dopamine receptor subtypes was a landmark that provided new insights into the neurochemical and physiological functions of D3 receptors. Preclinical studies and clinical trials provided evidence for the clinical advantages of cariprazine in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Cariprazine became the fi rst antipsychotic drug approved for the treatment of manic, mixed and depressive episodes in bipolar I disorder. Antagonism of D3 receptors may play a role in ameliorating symptoms of levodopa-induced dyskinesia and psychosis in PD patients treated with levodopa/carbidopa. Accordingly, D3 receptors constitute attractive targets for developing novel drugs for the improved treatment of different psychiatric and neurological disorders. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000(Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2021; 23(2): 272-280).</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"23 2","pages":"272-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39278859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The timeliness of Telepsychiatry.","authors":"Judit Radics,&nbsp;Eva Rozsavolgyi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both worldwide and in Hungary, telemedicine and telepsychiatric guidelines and legal regulations have come into force in connection with the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, which are aimed at both the current situation and the future. Due to the need for social distance and isolation during the epidemic, there was a need for the use of telemedicinal solutions in psychiatric care as well. This consisted primarily of telephone and videophone visits from the home of psychiatric patients. By now, we seem to be facing protracted waves of epidemics, which could also mean a prolongation of the quarantine state, so changes in psychiatric patient care are even more necessary and will be expected, so telemedicine/telepsychiatry is expected to gain even more ground. The rapid development and introduction of the practical application of telepsychiatric applications, which appeared many years ago (mainly in the United States), can be expected. In the United States, for example, the frequency of telepsychiatric visits is predicted to be 47% for the near future, and the American Psychiatric Association is constantly publishing new and newer guidelines for telepsychiatry related to the COVID-19 epidemic. The recommendation of the Psychiatry and Psychotherapy section of the Professional Health College of EMMI in connection with the COVID-19 care system has also been published in Hungary. According to the latter, the use of telepsychiatry and e-prescription was also recommended, which is also included in the rules of procedure issued by the Child Psychiatry Section. (Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2021; 23(2): 266-271).</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"23 2","pages":"266-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39270912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A new hypothesis on vascular calcification: the exhausting buffer syndrome (EBS)].","authors":"Andras Sikter,&nbsp;Christian Sonne","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here we propose that the Western world lifestyle disrupts phosphate metabolism and homeostasis due to caloric or acidic hyperphagia. Psychic factors such as social defeat due to stressed social coexistence characterized by reduced activity and chronic hypoventilation (hypercapnia) also play a role. At least two mechanisms mediate the harmful vascular effects of phosphates with intracellular acidosis being a feature in both of them. First, insufficient lifestyle and adjacent diet together with the psychosomatic mechanism of social defeat (mainly through chronic hypercapnic acidosis) lead to insulin resistance characterized by the classical Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Secondly, overload with fixed acids caused by renal insufficiency or acidic diet (due to intracellular metabolic acidosis) leads to our here proposed Exhausting Buffer Syndrome (EBS) which tends to elevate serum inorganic phosphate levels. These two mechanisms overlap and are regulated through genetically determined processes that drive the disruption of phosphate metabolism and lead to vascular calcification. To have a lower intake of calories and less acidic foods combined with low-grade hypocapnia, might be one of several solutions.\u0000\u0000(Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2021; 23(1): 215-220)</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"23 1","pages":"215-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25574681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The National Survey on Addiction Problems in Hungary 2019 (NSAPH): Methodology and sample description].","authors":"Borbala Paksi,&nbsp;Peter Pillok,&nbsp;Anna Magi,&nbsp;Zsolt Demetrivics,&nbsp;Katalin Felvinczi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This paper presents the methods and main methodological fi ndings of the third wave of data collection of the National Survey on Addiction Problems in Hungary (NSAPH). In addition to mapping the addiction problems of the Hungarian population and monitoring the general population addiction trends in Hungary, the research formulates objectives for the development of the methodology used in addiction research. The study presents the measurement tools used in the research, the sampling and data collection strategy, as well as the methodological results related to sample access and the reliability and validity of the applied measurement tools used.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research was carried out on a nationally representative sample of the Hungarian adult population aged 16-64 yrs (gross sample 1800, net sample 1385 persons). The extent of the theoretical margin of error in the sample is ±2,6%, at a reliability level of 95%. Sample attrition was corrected by matrix weighting by layer categories. The research aimed at studying the different type substance use behaviours (smoking, alcohol use and other psychoactive substances) as well as several behavioural addictions (problematic internet use, problematic online gaming, problematic social media use, problematic gambling, exercise addictions, eating disorders, work addiction, compulsive buying, problematic mobile phone use).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the analysis of reliability and the extent of non-sampling errors within the context of the database we concluded that valid and reliable statements can be formulated on the basis of the research data regarding the current characteristics and patterns of the examined addiction behaviours. At the same time, in case of psychoactive substance use the observed trends of non-sampling errors indicate that the analysis of the changes requires outstanding attention whilst interpreting them; in some cases correction procedures might become necessary during estimating and interpreting the tendencies. This wave of the research was the first which examined the reliability and validity of prevalence data related to behavioural addictions. Based on this analysis it can be said that these data are less exposed to non-sampling errors than the ones related to substance use.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"23 1","pages":"184-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25574679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Validation and analysis of the Patient's Health Belief Questionnaire on Psychiatric Treatment in a sample of Hungarian psychiatric patients].","authors":"Laszlo Pogany,&nbsp;Carlos De Las Cuevas,&nbsp;Judit Lazary","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Patients' attitude towards treatment is one of the most signifi cant factors which has determining eff ect on suffi cient adherence. Data are lacking on Hungarian patients' attitude towards psychiatric treatment, however, high prevalence of suicide suggests that eff ectiveness of psychiatric treatments need to be improved. To pave the way for such studies, we performed the validation of the recently developed Patients' Health Belief Questionnaire on Psychiatric Treatment (PHBQPT) in a sample of Hungarian psychiatric patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 188 Hungarian patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. The PHBQPT was translated into Hungarian by our group. Comparison of item and subscale mean scores with the original data are presented. Internal consistency, item-total and item-item correlations were calculated and factorial structure was analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Single item means, the highest item score and subscale mean scores were similar to data published in the original article. The factorial analysis confi rmed the validity of a fi ve-subscale structure in our sample. The eff ects of gender and age were not signifi cant on any of the subscales.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The PHBQPT is a valid, reliable instrument with replicable psychometric properties. The Hungarian version is suitable for clinical practice and for further investigations on attitudes towards psychiatric treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"23 1","pages":"221-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25574682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Coronavirus Pandemic - #STAYHOME: How Are You Holding Up? Questions And Tips For 11-18-Year-Olds To Make It Better].","authors":"Dora Szentiványi,&nbsp;Lili Olga Horvath,&nbsp;Anne Kjeldsen,&nbsp;Kirsten L Buist,&nbsp;Bernadett Frida Farkas,&nbsp;Gyongyver Ferenczi-Dallos,&nbsp;Peter Garas,&nbsp;Dora Gyori,&nbsp;Agnes Gyorfi,&nbsp;Dora Gyorfi,&nbsp;Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer,&nbsp;Judit Balazs","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Adolescents have to cope with several challenges and restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with many of those incongruent with the typical developmental tasks of adolescent age. Some adolescents might be particularly vulnerable in this situation, including those who are deprived of psychological, social or health care services and/or are exposed to abuse or neglect in their home environment. The aims of the current international multicentre follow-up study are to: 1. collect data on the mental health and quality of life of adolescents during and after the pandemic; 2. improve their mental health by providing an online prevention program that addresses their actual needs; 3. accelerate the development of culturally adapted prevention programs by involving an international team, and 4. to contribute to adequate preparation for any potentially occurring, similar situationin the future.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants aged 11-18 years and their parents/caregivers from diff erent parts of Europe and non-European countries are recruited online. Data are collected regularly in a follow-up study by means of structured self-administered online questionnaires on adolescents' mental health, quality of life and current attitudes and needs. The baseline data collection was in March 2020 at first restrictions of the COVID pandemic in Europe. It is followed up several times (at the beginning weekly, later monthly, bi-monthly, three-monthly) to study changes in mental health, quality of life and attitudes of children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease pandemic. Data were collected by means of structured questionnaires (see below). The time frame of the study is set to one year from study start, March 2021. The last data collection was done in December 2020. The prevention program is developed and provided based on continuously analysed incoming data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prevention based on the results of the study is expected to contribute to maintaining adolescents' mental health, improve their quality of life, increase their and their environment's cooperation with the necessary restrictions during the pandemic, and to make reintegration easier once the restrictions are over. Furthermore, the study has the potential to inform on the wellbeing of children and adolescents in extreme situations in general, thus contribute to future preventive measures and policymaking. Implications and Contribution: The proposed international online follow-up study is expected to provide scientifi c evidence for 1. possible changes in the mental health and quality of life of adolescents during and after a pandemic situation, 2. the eff ectiveness of a culturally adapted prevention program developed to address challenges associated with these changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"23 1","pages":"208-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25574680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Telephone information service for psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience with a direct phone line in the Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions in Hungary].","authors":"Katalin Csigo,&nbsp;Viktor Boross,&nbsp;Krisztina Lipardy,&nbsp;Gabriella Mari,&nbsp;Andrea Ritzl,&nbsp;Tunde Varga,&nbsp;Szabolcs Keri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 epidemic has had an extraordinary impact on mental health. In addition to the direct effect of the virus, we must take into account increasing disease anxiety due to the risk of infection, insecurity, confusing media activity, social isolation due to quarantine, socioeconomic impact, and the reduced capacity of the health-care system. In this paper, we present our experiences with the patient information telephone service operated by the psychotherapy department of the Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addiction (Nyírő-OPAI). Clinical psychologists and psychotherapists received the calls. The vast majority of the 264 phone calls registered during the two months of the pandemic (62%) were initiated by treated patients (availability of a doctor, questions related to the operation of the health-care system, prescribing medications). Still, we could also help patients and their families in potentially dangerous situations (21%): suicidal intentions, alcohol- and drug-related crises, severe neurocognitive disorders (dementias) with acute behavioural and psychological symptoms. In all cases, the telephone consultation led to the successful resolution of the crisis (low-threshold psychological intervention, counselling, assistance in admission to the institution). A relatively small number of calls (7%) were related to more complex psychotherapeutic needs. In summary, our experience shows that in extreme social situations, direct telephone assistance is suitable for supporting registered patients in the mental health system. This type of service also provides an opportunity to address acute crises and cases requiring more complex psychotherapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"22 4","pages":"166-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38657177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Acute effects of the first period of COVID-19 pandemic on mental state].","authors":"Judit Lazary","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic causes psychological trauma in the whole society, thus investigation of the epidemiology of psychiatric symptoms is an outstanding research field during this period. Fear of infection, exposure to updated data on death figures, social isolation, adaptation to new restricting rules, existential crisis, reduction of health care availability poses dangers for mental health. Currently published papers focus on the acute effect of first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, however, further studies on long-term consequences can make this picture more complex and sophisticated. In this review a summary is provided on the most important results concerning frequency of psychiatric symptoms during the first lockdown of COVID-19. In light of the results it can be stated that psychiatric patients showed more common and more intensive symptoms, the number of relapses is increased and the adherence is reduced. Notably, more than the half of the general population produced measurable psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, a worrying portion of frontline healthcare workers started manifesting mental symptoms. The overall picture suggests that the mental health state shows a global decline on the level of the general society which highlights the urgent need for targeted and complex mental support programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":39762,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica","volume":"22 4","pages":"172-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38657179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}