{"title":"Un diagnostic spécifique par la PCR pour une surveillance efficace de la coqueluche","authors":"M. Elgarini , Z. Mennane , A. Hammoumi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>La coqueluche est une infection respiratoire causée principalement par <em>Bordetella pertussis</em>, la maladie est gravissime pour le nouveau-né. La généralisation de l’utilisation des vaccins, en association avec l’amélioration des conditions de vie, a conduit à une diminution de la morbidité et de la mortalité liées à la coqueluche. Mais actuellement une résurgence est observée. Dans la population non vaccinée, il affecte principalement les enfants de moins de 6 mois. Les manifestations les plus courantes de l’infection à <em>B.pertussis</em> sont la maladie de la coqueluche et la bronchite avec des complications y compris la pneumonie, les convulsions, l’encéphalopathie et peut-être le décès des nouveaux-nés et du nourrisson. D’après les changements épidémiologiques récents de la maladie, le choix d’une méthode de diagnostic sensible et surtout spécifique permet d’assurer une étude épidémiologique efficace, de bien choisir le traitement adéquat par antibiotique et aussi pour détecter les échecs de vaccination de la coqueluche.</p></div><div><p>Pertussis is a respiratory infection caused mainly by <em>Bordetella pertussis</em>; the disease is serious for the newborn. The widespread use of vaccines, in combination with improved living conditions, has led to a decrease in pertussis-related morbidity and mortality. However, currently a resurgence is observed. In the unvaccinated population, it mainly affects children under 6 months. The most common manifestations of <em>B.pertussis</em> infection are whooping cough disease and bronchitis with complications including pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy and possibly the death of newborns and infants. According to recent epidemiological changes of the disease, the choice of a sensitive and especially specific diagnostic method makes it possible to ensure an effective epidemiological study, to choose the appropriate treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39683,"journal":{"name":"Journal de Pediatrie et de Puericulture","volume":"36 6","pages":"Pages 247-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136027404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Grippe : la HAS propose d’ouvrir la vaccination dès l’âge de 2 ans","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39683,"journal":{"name":"Journal de Pediatrie et de Puericulture","volume":"36 3","pages":"Page 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41633689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"L’Académie de Médecine alerte sur les effets des écrans chez les enfants et adolescents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39683,"journal":{"name":"Journal de Pediatrie et de Puericulture","volume":"36 3","pages":"Page 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48392807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ophtalmologie : quels examens cliniques chez l’enfant ?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39683,"journal":{"name":"Journal de Pediatrie et de Puericulture","volume":"36 3","pages":"Page 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49230738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pénurie de médicaments : le Sénat lance une enquête","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39683,"journal":{"name":"Journal de Pediatrie et de Puericulture","volume":"36 3","pages":"Pages 120-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49290099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Allata , F.Z. Souilmi , N. Hammas , T. Sqalli Houssaini , M. Hida
{"title":"Mode de révélation atypique d’une hyperoxalurie primitive de type I","authors":"Y. Allata , F.Z. Souilmi , N. Hammas , T. Sqalli Houssaini , M. Hida","doi":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>L’hyperoxalurie primitive de type I (HP1) est due à un déficit enzymatique de l’alanine : glyoxylate-aminotransferase (AGT) qui convertie le glyoxylate en glycine. En l’absence de l’AGT le glyoxylate en transformé en oxalate. Les manifestions cliniques et biologiques de l’HP1 résultent du dépôt de l’oxalate dans différents organes (rein, os, vaisseaux, cerveau, yeux…). La présence d’une hyperoxalurie associée à une hyperoxalémie permet d’évoquer le diagnostic et la mise en évidence d’une variante pathogène du gène <em>AGXT</em> à l’état bi-allélique permet de retenir le diagnostic d’HP1 en utilisant un test génétique. Ici, nous rapportons le cas rare d’un enfant suivi pour une insuffisance rénale d’origine indéterminée traitée par hémodialyse, où une biopsie ostéomédullaire faite dans le cadre du diagnostic étiologique d’une pancytopénie a conduit au diagnostic d’hyperoxalurie primitive de type I.</p></div><div><p>Primary hyperoxaluria type I is caused by an enzyme deficiency of the alanine glyoxylate-aminotransferase (AGT) which helps convert the glyoxylate to glycine. In the absence of AGT, the glyoxilate is converted to oxalate. The clinical and biological manifestations of HP1 are a direct result of the oxalate deposit in different organs (kidney, bone, blood vessels, brain, eyes…). The association of hyperoxaluria and hyperoxalemia helps establish the diagnosis of HP1 which is confirmed by the identification of a biallelic pathogenic variant of the <em>AGXT</em> gene, using a molecular genetic testing. Here, we report the rare case of a child suffering from renal failure of undetermined origin treated by hemodialysis, where a bone morrow biopsy, performed as part of the etiological workup of a pancytopenia, led to the diagnosis of HP1.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39683,"journal":{"name":"Journal de Pediatrie et de Puericulture","volume":"36 3","pages":"Pages 114-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46439768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stratégie de prévention des bronchiolites à VRS des nourrissons : avis des Sociétés savantes françaises de pédiatrie","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39683,"journal":{"name":"Journal de Pediatrie et de Puericulture","volume":"36 3","pages":"Pages 123-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44884455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"L’hôpital des nounours fait son retour","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39683,"journal":{"name":"Journal de Pediatrie et de Puericulture","volume":"36 3","pages":"Page 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45127842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnostic étiologique d’une déficience intellectuelle","authors":"D. Lehalle , D. Héron","doi":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>La déficience intellectuelle (DI) touche entre 1 et 3 % de la population, et correspond à un groupe de maladies rares extrêmement hétérogène. Les étiologies sont génétiques dans la grande majorité des cas. Faire le diagnostic étiologique facilite la mise en place précoce du suivi et de la prise en charge, et permet de préciser le conseil génétique. Parmi les examens génétiques disponibles, on distingue (i) les examens chromosomiques comprenant le caryotype et l’analyse chromosomique par puce à ADN (ACPA) et (ii) les examens moléculaires parmi lesquels le séquençage ciblé et les examens par séquençage haut débit, dont la disponibilité est plus récente (panels de gènes, séquençage d’exome ou de génome). Le rendement diagnostique dans la DI est d’environ 15 % pour l’ACPA, 40 % pour le séquençage d’exome et 50 % pour le séquençage de génome. La démarche étiologique devant une DI commence toujours par une étape clinique, plus que jamais utile pour orienter le diagnostic et aider à l’interprétation des variants. La stratégie actuelle comporte en première intention une ACPA et une recherche de syndrome de l’X fragile. Les examens moléculaires de seconde intention comportaient jusqu’à présent des panels de gènes de taille variable et/ou un séquençage d’exome. La mise en place du Plan France Médecine Génomique (PFMG) 2025 permet actuellement la réalisation du séquençage de génome pour la pré-indication « déficience intellectuelle », ce qui va permettre d’améliorer le rendement diagnostique. Néanmoins, le déploiement de ces nouvelles techniques ouvre le débat sur les enjeux éthiques, sociétaux et économiques qu’elles soulèvent.</p></div><div><p>Intellectual disability affects between 1 and 3% of the population, and corresponds to a group of rare diseases that are extremely heterogeneous on the clinical and etiological levels. The etiologies are of genetic origin in the large majority of cases. Making an etiological diagnosis facilitates the early implementation of follow-up and management, and allows for more precise genetic counseling for parents, siblings and relatives. Among the genetic examinations currently available for etiological diagnosis, we distinguish (i) chromosomal examinations including karyotype and DNA Chip Chromosome Analysis and (ii) molecular examinations including targeted gene sequencing and high throughput sequencing examinations, which are more recently available (gene panels, exome or genome sequencing). The diagnostic yield of these tests in intellectual disability is approximately 15% for ACPA, 40% for exome sequencing and 50% for genome sequencing. The etiological approach to intellectual disability always begins with a clinical phase (family and personal history, clinical examination), which is more useful than ever to orient the diagnosis and to help in the interpretation of variants, if necessary. The current strategy for genetic analysis includes, as a first step, chromosomal analysis by DNA chip (ACPA) and a search ","PeriodicalId":39683,"journal":{"name":"Journal de Pediatrie et de Puericulture","volume":"36 3","pages":"Pages 87-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43766665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prévention des infections respiratoires par aération des lieux collectifs","authors":"F. Squinazi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpp.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Une personne qui parle, qui tousse ou qui éternue émet dans l’air des gouttelettes respiratoires de différentes tailles. Les plus grosses sédimentent après l’émission, les plus petites se déshydratent pour former des particules fines qui vont rester en suspension dans l’air, sous forme d’un aérosol. En cas d’infection respiratoire, les gouttelettes peuvent contenir des agents infectieux, surtout viraux ou bactériens. Selon la survie de l’agent infectieux dans l’air, la transmission par inhalation est possible entre deux personnes, soit en proximité, soit à distance. L’aération des locaux permet de diluer et d’éliminer les particules infectantes en suspension dans l’air. La mesure du dioxyde de carbone (CO<sub>2</sub>), traceur du renouvellement de l’air intérieur, permet de définir la durée et la fréquence d’ouverture des fenêtres.</p></div><div><p>A person who speaks, coughs or sneezes emits respiratory droplets of various sizes into the air. The larger sediments after the emission, the smaller ones dehydrate to form fine particles that will remain airborne like an aerosol. In case of respiratory infection, droplets may contain infectious agents, especially viral or bacterial. Depending on the survival of the infectious agent in the air, inhalation transmission is possible between two people, either in proximity or at a distance. The aeration of the premises makes it possible to dilute and eliminate infectious particles suspended in the air. Measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2), an indoor air renewal tracer, allows you to define the window opening time and frequency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39683,"journal":{"name":"Journal de Pediatrie et de Puericulture","volume":"36 3","pages":"Pages 83-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48596033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}