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Reflections on the Cultural History of Time 对时间文化史的反思
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300212
P. Burke
{"title":"Reflections on the Cultural History of Time","authors":"P. Burke","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300212","url":null,"abstract":"This article is concerned with the historiography of “social time,” and it distinguishes three approaches that have emerged one by one since the topic began to be taken seriously by scholars about a hundred years ago. The first approach, associated with Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, focuses on differences between whole cultures in attitudes to time, conceptions of time, or experiences of time. The second, following the classic article by Jacques Le Goff on “church time” and “merchant time,” distinguishes the times of different groups within the same society and the conflicts between them (particularly obvious in the case of factory workers and their employers). A third approach, which has emerged only recently, focuses on individuals or small groups and their employment of different notions of time in different domains of activity, at work, in school, or at home.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"617-626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74512474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Social Roles, Gender Inversion, and the Heretical Sect: The Case of the Guglielmites 社会角色、性别倒置和异端教派:古列尔派的案例
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300197
J. Peterson
{"title":"Social Roles, Gender Inversion, and the Heretical Sect: The Case of the Guglielmites","authors":"J. Peterson","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300197","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the relationship between two leaders of a thirteenth-century Milanese heretical sect named the Guglielmites. The Guglielmites believed a woman named Guglielma of Milan was the female incarnation of the Holy Spirit, and with her predicted Second Coming there would be a new church with a female pope at the helm. Andrea Saramita, the primary disseminator of these heterodox ideas, and Maifreda da Pirovano, the chosen future pope, worked together to organize the activities and beliefs of the sect divided upon gender lines. The inquisitorial process reveals that they had a complementary but unequal partnership: Maifreda’s power gradually surpassed Andrea’s, leading to some resentment on Andrea’s part. It is precisely because the sect was heretical, the article argues, that Maifreda was able to invert socially constructed gender roles and become the supreme authority for the group.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":"118 1","pages":"203-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87102029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Translating Saint as (Vi)King: St. Olaf in the Heimskringla 圣译为国王:《海姆斯金拉》中的圣奥拉夫
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300196
K. A. Laity
{"title":"Translating Saint as (Vi)King: St. Olaf in the Heimskringla","authors":"K. A. Laity","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300196","url":null,"abstract":"Olaf Haraldsson, the sainted king of Norway, strikes a vivid contrast to the usual image of a humble and modest saint. The version of his life that appears in the Heimskringla, composed in the early thirteenth century by Snorri Sturluson, describes the saintly king in a somewhat unexpected light as a ruthless viking and a harsh king. Even the more conventional Legendary Saga portrays the saint as more like a viking, despite the saint’s strong alliance with the Christian god. While Snorri’s interest seems to focus on portraying the admirable man, the Legendary Saga’s writer molds a larger than life hero, using both Christian and pagan tropes. Translating the hagiographic model into a king’s saga becomes complicated by the linguistic clash between Latin and Norse, and by the difficulty of reconciling the viking ethos with Christian humility, but also by the strong native tradition of saga writing, which creates expectations of ruthless heroes, bloody battles, and sea adventures.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"169-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80636232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spalding’s Alliterative Katherine Hymn: A Guild Connection from the South-East Midlands? 斯伯丁的头韵凯瑟琳赞美诗:来自东南中部地区的公会联系?
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300206
R. Kennedy
{"title":"Spalding’s Alliterative Katherine Hymn: A Guild Connection from the South-East Midlands?","authors":"R. Kennedy","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300206","url":null,"abstract":"Richard Spalding’s inventive alliterative hymn to St. Katherine of Alexandria, ca. 1400, is an East Midland product of the “high revival.” On grounds of internal, dialectal, and other circumstantial evidence it can be argued that the poem may have been composed and inscribed on a roll for the guild of St. Katherine in Stamford, Lincolnshire, or for a guild member. Conjectural links can be made between this well-documented parish guild, the local church, and the adjacent Carmelite friary. The composition of verse hagiography, often for patrons, was a distinctive part of the work of East Anglian literary friars. Such “Englishing” of Latin authorities points to the friar as an acknowledged member of a society in which his convent, confraternity, patron, patron saint, and reading matter of the saint’s life were also correlated; however, Spalding also appears to be influenced by the strong literary tradition of the dramatic works of this richly cultural region.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"455-482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88003805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dead Boethius: Sixth-Century Accounts of a Future Martyr 《死去的波伊提乌:六世纪未来殉道者的叙述
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300190
Phoebe Robinson
{"title":"Dead Boethius: Sixth-Century Accounts of a Future Martyr","authors":"Phoebe Robinson","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300190","url":null,"abstract":"Boethius is known primarily as a statesman and a scholar, but at some point in the Middle Ages he also became a martyr. The cult of St. Severinus Boethius, centered at Pavia, is not often investigated. Studies of Boethius’s martyrdom have usually focused on the question of whether or not he died a genuine martyr’s death, while little attention has been paid to the development of the cult itself. This article examines early legends of the last days of Boethius, not to shed light on his death itself but to demonstrate the variety of ways in which this event was perceived over the course of the sixth century. It is particularly significant that several narrative accounts portray this episode not as a political event, but as a religious conflict between Arians and Catholics. This development may represent the earliest evidence for the emergence of an organized cult.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73484600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The Merging of Eremitic and "Affectivist" Spirituality in Richard Rolle's Reshaping of Contemplation 在理查德·罗尔的《沉思的重塑》中，隐密派和“情感派”灵性的融合
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300200
L. Nelstrop
{"title":"The Merging of Eremitic and \"Affectivist\" Spirituality in Richard Rolle's Reshaping of Contemplation","authors":"L. Nelstrop","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300200","url":null,"abstract":"Originated in the writings of Thomas Gallus, in the thirteenth-century a new interpretation of contemplation, “affectivism,” began to emerge. This study of the writings of the fourteenth-century hermit Richard Rolle explores the relationship between “affectivism” and eremiticism within Rolle’s understanding of contemplation, with particular reference to Rolle’s adaption of ideas that originate in the writings of Richard of St. Victor. Central to Rolle’s “affectivism” appears to be a reinvention of the eremitic life, in which Rolle spiritualizes central concepts such as stability and enclosure. This understanding of Rolle presents a challenge to Nicholas Watson’s reading of Rolle’s account of contemplative prayer by illustrating the necessity of seeing Rolle’s reinvention of authority within both specific contemplative and eremitic contexts.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"289-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88849431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Putting History to Use: Three Crusade Chronicles in Context 运用历史:三个十字军编年史的背景
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300195
J. Rubenstein
{"title":"Putting History to Use: Three Crusade Chronicles in Context","authors":"J. Rubenstein","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300195","url":null,"abstract":"During the reign of Louis VII, probably at his 1137 Christmas court at Bourges, an otherwise unknown knight called “W. Grassegals” presented to the king a collection of three crusade chronicles: books by Fulcher of Chartres, Walter the Chancellor, and Raymond of Aguilers, now BNF lat. 14378. The texts tended to circulate together in the Middle Ages, and lat. 14738 appears to be the origin of the tradition. The manuscript opens with a dedicatory letter to the king written in the name of Grassegals, urging the king to take to heart the examples he finds in those texts. Taken together, these three books represent a distinct tradition in crusade historiography which may indeed have shaped Louis’s conduct as the first monarch to take the cross, particularly in terms of his decision to go to Jerusalem, his particular brand of crusader piety, and the decision of the crusade to attack Damascus.","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"131-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90488661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
The Trial of Ideas: Two Tellings of the Trial of Gilbert of Poitiers 思想的审判:普瓦捷吉尔伯特审判案的两种叙述
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300194
C. Monagle
{"title":"The Trial of Ideas: Two Tellings of the Trial of Gilbert of Poitiers","authors":"C. Monagle","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300194","url":null,"abstract":"In 1148 Gilbert of Poitiers, bishop and magister, was brought to trial at the Council of Reims. He was charged with committing heresy in his application of the rules of grammar to the three persons of the Trinity. Most notable among his accusers was Bernard of Clairvaux, who had brought the matter to the attention of the pope. The adversarial structure of the trial, and the luminaries involved, meant that many of the key issues of intellectual life in the period were brought into sharp relief, particularly the question of the applicability of human language to the understanding of sacred doctrine. Otto of Freising and John of Salisbury both provide accounts of the trial, in which they engage heavily with both the political and theological issues of the clash between Bernard and Gilbert. This article considers the manner of their narration of the trial, and the place that their accounts hold in their broader historiographical narrative. This consideration, in turn, will enable a more nuanced sense of the i...","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"113-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81958187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
"True Anchoresses Are Called Birds": Asceticism as Ascent and the Purgative Mysticism of the Ancrene Wisse “真正的女主播被称为鸟”:作为上升的禁欲主义和安妮慧斯的涤罪神秘主义
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300386
M. Edsall
{"title":"\"True Anchoresses Are Called Birds\": Asceticism as Ascent and the Purgative Mysticism of the Ancrene Wisse","authors":"M. Edsall","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300386","url":null,"abstract":"“‘True Anchoresses Are Called Birds’: Asceticism as Ascent and the Purgative Mysticism of the Ancrene Wisse.” This article engages in the longstanding debate over the mysticism of Ancrene Wisse, an early thirteenth-century treatise for female recluses. With few exceptions, critics have answered the question in the negative, finding it difficult to fit its spirituality into a Pseudo-Dionysian model of mysticism defined by schema of spiritual ascent and experience of union with God. This article contends that study of patristic and monastic texts that employ images of birds and flight as metaphors for contemplative experience reveals that the Wisse author also uses bird imagery to describe the contemplative lives of the anchoresses for whom he writes. Furthermore, the way that the bird imagery resonates with crucifixion imagery fuses the two, teaching that the penitential suffering of the anchoritic life enables contemplative flight and unites the anchoresses with Christ crucified. In Ancrene Wisse, ascetic...","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"157-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85967172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
“Plus que assez”: Simon Bourgouyn and His French Translations from Plutarch, Petrarch, and Lucian 西蒙·布尔古因及其从普鲁塔克、彼特拉克和卢西恩译来的法语译本
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300392
J. Carley, M. Orth
{"title":"“Plus que assez”: Simon Bourgouyn and His French Translations from Plutarch, Petrarch, and Lucian","authors":"J. Carley, M. Orth","doi":"10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.300392","url":null,"abstract":"“‘Plus que assez’: Simon Bourgouyn and His French Translations from Plutarch, Petrarch, and Lucian.” Although more or less entirely ignored by modern scholarship Simon Bourgouyn (d. post 1532) was the first known translator of Petrarch’s Triumphs into French verse and very likely the first to render Plutarch’s Lives into French. He also translated Lucianus Samosatensis and is thus a major figure in the introduction of humanist texts into vernacular culture in France. “Plus que Assez” represents the first detailed study of his life and works. Both printed books and manuscripts are examined, and the complex relationships between the surviving manuscripts of his translations, in terms both of text and image, are described. The biographical details which emerge from his own writings and other documents are used to construct a framework for a literary career which took him from the world of Antoine Verard’s Parisian publishing house to the court of Francis I. There are three appendices: one giving a descriptio...","PeriodicalId":39588,"journal":{"name":"Viator - Medieval and Renaissance Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":"328-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80291297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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