{"title":"Speckle reduction technique for embeddable MEMS-laser pico-projector","authors":"N. Abelé, C. Le Gros, J. Masson, L. Kilcher","doi":"10.1117/12.2040331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2040331","url":null,"abstract":"MEMS-scanning laser projector have seen tremendous performance improvements in the past year, demonstrating devices with very good performances in terms of size, energy efficiency and image quality that were expected from the theory point of view. The last challenge that was not solved yet is the speckle reduction, which is the main bottleneck for this technology adoption. The paper presents an innovative design to reduce speckle contrast without degrading any other features and benefits of the projection system. The proposed despeckling solution is a single, non-movable part with less than 0.1cc in volume and of 4mm in thickness.","PeriodicalId":395835,"journal":{"name":"Photonics West - Micro and Nano Fabricated Electromechanical and Optical Components","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121723786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Free-standing broadband low-loss optical metamaterial filter","authors":"Lan Lin, Z. Jiang, S. Yun, D. Werner, T. Mayer","doi":"10.1117/12.2045514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2045514","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we demonstrate an ultra-thin, low-loss optical metamaterial filter with high transmission and near constant group delay across a broad pass-band from 3.0 to 3.5μ m. Deep-subwavelength air hole inclusions positioned at the corners of a conventional metallodiectric fishnet were used engineer the dispersive properties of the structure to have an impedance match to free space over the pass-band. The optical properties of the metamaterial filter were verified by experimentally fabricating and characterizing the optimized free-standing nano-notched fishnet. The measured experimental results agreed well with the simulated response, showing a high transmission band over the targeted wavelength band.","PeriodicalId":395835,"journal":{"name":"Photonics West - Micro and Nano Fabricated Electromechanical and Optical Components","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115173607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Maity, Shuangqin Liu, S. Rouvillois, G. Lorenz, M. Kamon
{"title":"Rapidly analyzing parametric resonance and manufacturing yield of MEMS 2D scanning mirrors using hybrid finite-element/behavioral modeling","authors":"S. Maity, Shuangqin Liu, S. Rouvillois, G. Lorenz, M. Kamon","doi":"10.1117/12.2041067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2041067","url":null,"abstract":"A new hybrid 3D finite-element/behavioral-modeling approach is presented that can be used to accurately predict the nonlinear dynamics (parametric resonance) in electrostatically driven 2D resonant MEMS scanning mirrors. We demonstrate new levels of accuracy and speed for thick SOI scanning mirrors with large scanning angles and validate the modeling approach against measurement on a previously fabricated scanning mirror. The modeling approach is fast and treats the design parameters as variables thus enabling rapid design iterations, automatic sensitivity and statistical yield analyses, and integration with system and circuit simulators for coupled MEMS-IC cosimulation.","PeriodicalId":395835,"journal":{"name":"Photonics West - Micro and Nano Fabricated Electromechanical and Optical Components","volume":"8977 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131128386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and fabrication of three-axis accelerometer sensor microsystem for wide temperature range applications using semi-custom process","authors":"A. Merdassi, Y. Wang, G. Xereas, V. Chodavarapu","doi":"10.1117/12.2037344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2037344","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an integrated CMOS-MEMS inertial sensor microsystem, consisting of a 3-axis accelerometer sensor device and its complementary readout circuit, which is designed to operate over a wide temperature range from - 55°C to 175°C. The accelerometer device is based on capacitive transduction and is fabricated using PolyMUMPS, which is a commercial process available from MEMSCAP. The fabricated accelerometer device is then post-processed by depositing a layer of amorphous silicon carbide to form a composite sensor structure to improve its performance over an extended wide temperature range. We designed and fabricated a CMOS readout circuit in IBM 0.13μm process that interfaces with the accelerometer device to serve as a capacitance to voltage converter. The accelerometer device is designed to operate over a measurement range of ±20g. The described sensor system allows low power, low cost and mass-producible implementation well suited for a variety of applications with harsh or wide temperature operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":395835,"journal":{"name":"Photonics West - Micro and Nano Fabricated Electromechanical and Optical Components","volume":"8973 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131251622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Loïc Hans, K. Prater, C. Kilchoer, T. Scharf, H. Herzig, A. Hermerschmidt
{"title":"Wafer-level microstructuring of glassy carbon","authors":"Loïc Hans, K. Prater, C. Kilchoer, T. Scharf, H. Herzig, A. Hermerschmidt","doi":"10.1117/12.2038396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2038396","url":null,"abstract":"Glassy carbon is used nowadays for a variety of applications because of its mechanical strength, thermal stability and non-sticking adhesion properties. One application is glass molding that allows to realize high resolution diffractive optical elements on large areas and at affordable price appropriate for mass production. We study glassy carbon microstructuring for future precision compression molding of low and high glass-transition temperature. For applications in optics the uniformity, surface roughness, edge definition and lateral resolution are very important parameters for a stamp and the final product. We study different methods of microstructuring of glassy carbon by etching and milling. Reactive ion etching with different protection layers such as photoresists, aluminium and titanium hard masks have been performed and will be compare with Ion beam etching. We comment on the quality of the structure definition and give process details as well as drawbacks for the different methods. In our fabrications we were able to realize optically flat diffractive structures with slope angles of 80° at typical feature sizes of 5 micron and 700 nm depth qualified for high precision glass molding.","PeriodicalId":395835,"journal":{"name":"Photonics West - Micro and Nano Fabricated Electromechanical and Optical Components","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115172660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MEMS and the direct detection of exoplanets","authors":"Sandrine Thomas, B. Macintosh, R. Belikov","doi":"10.1117/12.2044134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2044134","url":null,"abstract":"Deformable mirrors, and particularly MEMS, are crucial components for the direct imaging of exoplanets for both ground-based and space-based instruments. Without deformable mirrors, coronagraphs are incapable of reaching contrasts required to image Jupiter-like planets. The system performance is limited by image quality degradation resulting from wavefront error introduced from multiple effects including: atmospheric turbulence, static aberrations in the system, non-common-path aberrations, all of which vary with time. Correcting for these effects requires a deformable mirror with fast response and numerous actuators having moderate stroke. Not only do MEMS devices fulfill this requirement but their compactness permits their application in numerous space- and ground-based instruments, which are often volume- and mass-limited. In this paper, I will briefly explain how coronagraphs work and their requirements. I then will discuss the Extreme Adaptive Optics needed to compensate for the introduced wavefront error and how MEMS devices are a good choice to achieve the performance needed to produce the contrasts necessary to detect exoplanets. As examples, I will discuss a facility instrument for the Gemini Observatory, called the Gemini Planet Imager, that will detect Jupiter-like planets and present recent results from the NASA Ames Coronagraph Experiment laboratory, in the context of a proposed space- based mission called EXCEDE. EXCEDE is planned to focus on protoplanetary disks.","PeriodicalId":395835,"journal":{"name":"Photonics West - Micro and Nano Fabricated Electromechanical and Optical Components","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115334306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhaoxing Zhang, Z. Geng, Tuotuo Li, Wei Li, Jingyi Wang, Yongchun Liu
{"title":"Integration of real-time 3D image acquisition and multiview 3D display","authors":"Zhaoxing Zhang, Z. Geng, Tuotuo Li, Wei Li, Jingyi Wang, Yongchun Liu","doi":"10.1117/12.2037444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2037444","url":null,"abstract":"Seamless integration of 3D acquisition and 3D display systems offers enhanced experience in 3D visualization of the real world objects or scenes. The vivid representation of captured 3D objects displayed on a glasses-free 3D display screen could bring the realistic viewing experience to viewers as if they are viewing real-world scene. Although the technologies in 3D acquisition and 3D display have advanced rapidly in recent years, effort is lacking in studying the seamless integration of these two different aspects of 3D technologies. In this paper, we describe our recent progress on integrating a light-field 3D acquisition system and an autostereoscopic multiview 3D display for real-time light field capture and display. This paper focuses on both the architecture design and the implementation of the hardware and the software of this integrated 3D system. A prototype of the integrated 3D system is built to demonstrate the real-time 3D acquisition and 3D display capability of our proposed system.","PeriodicalId":395835,"journal":{"name":"Photonics West - Micro and Nano Fabricated Electromechanical and Optical Components","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114856159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical design of a broadband scanning adaptive optics ophthalmoscope for the mouse eye","authors":"Y. Sulai, A. Dubra","doi":"10.1117/12.2041993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2041993","url":null,"abstract":"The short focal length of the mouse eye gives rise to an optically thick retina (50 D). If in addition, multiple wavelengths are to be used simultaneously to image an arbitrary combination of retinal layers, the ≈ 10 D of longitudinal chromatic aberration means a total of 60 D of vergence must be covered. This dictates that marginal rays will cover a wide range of angles with respect to the optical axis at the pupil of a mouse (or murine) adaptive optics ophthalmoscope, in order to section through the entire retina with any wavelength simultaneously. In this work, we discuss the compromises associated with the design of a mouse adaptive optics ophthalmoscope using off-the-shelf spherical reflective and refractive optics.","PeriodicalId":395835,"journal":{"name":"Photonics West - Micro and Nano Fabricated Electromechanical and Optical Components","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122995996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantitative thermal characterization of microelectronic devices by using CCD-based thermoreflectance microscopy","authors":"Dong Uk Kim, S. Ryu, Jun Ki Kim, K. Chang","doi":"10.1117/12.2041052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2041052","url":null,"abstract":"A thermoreflectance microscopy (TRM) system has emerged as a non-destructive and non-contact tool for a high resolution thermal imaging technique for micro-scale electronic and optoelectronic devices. Quantitative imaging of the temperature distribution is necessary for elaborate thermal characterization under operating conditions, such as thermal profiling and performance and reliability analysis. We introduce here a straightforward TRM system to perform quantitative thermal characterization of microelectronics devices. The quantitative imaging of the surface temperature distribution of a polysilicon micro-resistor is obtained by a lock-in measurement technique and calibration process in the conventional CCD-based widefield microscope. To confirm the quantitative thermal measurement, the measured thermal information is compared to that obtained with an infrared thermography (IRT) system. In addition to quantitative surface temperature distribution, the sub-micron defects on microelectronic devices can be clearly distinguished from the thermoreflectance images, which are hardly perceptible with a conventional widefield microscopy system. The thermal resolution of the proposed TRM system is experimentally determined by measuring standard deviation values of thermoreflectance data with respect to the iteration number. The spatial and thermal resolutions of our system are measured ~670 nm and ~13 mK, respectively. We believe that quantitative thermal imaging in the TRM system can be used for improvement of microelectronic devices and integrated circuit (IC) designs.","PeriodicalId":395835,"journal":{"name":"Photonics West - Micro and Nano Fabricated Electromechanical and Optical Components","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123885320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akshdeep Sharma, D. Bansal, Amit Kumar, D. Kumar, K. Rangra
{"title":"Residual stress control during the growth and release process in gold suspended microstructures","authors":"Akshdeep Sharma, D. Bansal, Amit Kumar, D. Kumar, K. Rangra","doi":"10.1117/12.2041433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2041433","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the growth and release process effects on the deformation of suspended gold micro-structures. Cantilever type test structures, typically used for RF MEMS devices have been examined. The structures have a thickness of 2μm, produced by patterned gold electro deposition above a sacrificial photoresist layer, then removed by dry release in oxygen plasma ashing and wet release using critical point dryer (CPD). The growth process of gold electroplating is optimized for low residual stress using pulse power supply. Minimum stress 35-60 MPa is obtained at grain size 30-45nm and RMS roughness of the order of 5-8nm. The growth mechanism of structural layer and releasing methods are optimized to obtain planar MEMS structures. The main parameters considered are the initial stress during the growth of electroplated gold and the release process recipes developed for fabrication of metallic structural layer.","PeriodicalId":395835,"journal":{"name":"Photonics West - Micro and Nano Fabricated Electromechanical and Optical Components","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125380803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}