Sociological Focus最新文献_第8页

Attitudes about Paid Parental Leave in the United States 美国人对带薪产假的态度

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2021.2012861

Qi Li, C. Knoester, Richard J. Petts

{"title":"Attitudes about Paid Parental Leave in the United States","authors":"Qi Li, C. Knoester, Richard J. Petts","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2021.2012861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2021.2012861","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Paid parental leave offerings in the United States are relatively rare and unequal. Yet, little is known about public opinions about paid leave and the factors that distinguish adults’ attitudes about them. With the use of data from the General Social Survey, we investigated attitudes about paid parental leave availability, preferred lengths of paid leave offerings, and government funding of leave in the United States. We found overwhelming support for paid parental leave availability, an average preference for four months of paid leave offerings, and common support for at least some government funding for leaves. Older and more politically conservative individuals were consistently less supportive of paid parental leave availability, longer lengths of leave, and government funding of leave. Women, supporters of dual-earner expectations, black individuals, and those who were not working in paid labor were typically more supportive of generous paid parental leave offerings. These findings suggest that there have been longstanding desires for more widespread and generous paid parental leave offerings in the United States but that this has not yet been sufficient to prompt widely applicable policy changes across the nation.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41722091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Feminist Friends of the Court: Amicus Curiae, Social Movement Institutional Activism, and the U.S. Supreme Court’s Women’s Rights Cases 法院的女权主义之友:法庭之友、社会运动机构行动主义和美国最高法院的妇女权利案件

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2021.2009074

Holly J. McCammon, Magdalena N. Sudibjo, Cathryn Beeson-Lynch, Amanda J. Brockman, M. Moon

{"title":"Feminist Friends of the Court: Amicus Curiae, Social Movement Institutional Activism, and the U.S. Supreme Court’s Women’s Rights Cases","authors":"Holly J. McCammon, Magdalena N. Sudibjo, Cathryn Beeson-Lynch, Amanda J. Brockman, M. Moon","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2021.2009074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2021.2009074","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To influence outcomes in U.S. women’s rights Supreme Court cases, feminist advocacy groups and their allies routinely file amicus curiae briefs, third-party briefs designed to persuade the justices in their decision-making. Yet no study has systematically examined the impact of these feminist-supporting amici on judicial decision-making. We argue that advocacy groups’ amicus mobilization can be understood as institutional activism, activism utilizing a judicial channel through which advocacy groups can communicate directly with the justices. To discern whether this form of feminist institutional activism shapes judicial law, we examine amicus activity in the women’s rights cases from the mid-1960s until 2016. We utilize a resource mobilization perspective to examine mobilization of amici but offer refinements of the theory by invoking affected-groups and information theories. Our regression analyses show that use of amici can persuade the justices to vote in favor of the feminist litigant. We also investigate whether the influence of feminist amicus activity is moderated by legal circumstances (for instance, whether a justice is conservative or liberal). We find only limited evidence that the potency of this form of institutional resource mobilization is moderated by the legal context.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49002953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond Adherence: The Healthwork of People Living with HIV in Nigeria 超越坚持：尼日利亚艾滋病毒感染者的健康工作

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2021.2015730

Ayodeji Bayo Ogunrotifa

{"title":"Beyond Adherence: The Healthwork of People Living with HIV in Nigeria","authors":"Ayodeji Bayo Ogunrotifa","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2021.2015730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2021.2015730","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996, adherence was regarded by biomedical researchers as the only way to manage HIV effectively in everyday life. The sociological critique of this biomedical stance posits that the everyday management of HIV goes beyond the biomedical conception of adherence, as HIV-positive individuals undertake healthwork practices that form the basis of HIV management. Using symbolic interactionism and social context theory to ground the lived experience of healthwork, this paper explores the kinds of healthwork people living with HIV in Nigeria undertake. Drawing from 32 semi-structured interviews with HIV-positive individuals living in Nigeria, it was observed that healthwork is an individualized practice including spirituality, testing, counseling, adherence, concealment, dieting, and support-group participation. These practices are shaped by the sociocultural, economic, political, and structural factors in the Nigerian context. Meaningful healthwork practices were informed by the personal responses to HIV diagnosis, and such practices were tied to formal rules, local dynamics, and contextual issues that are shaped by structural and institutional factors. This paper contributes to sociological knowledge on HIV management by demonstrating the importance of context and meaning in the design of health interventions and programs connected with the lived experience of people living with HIV.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49479590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“No Seat at the Party”: Mobilizing White Masculinity in the Men’s Rights Movement “无党籍”：在人权运动中调动白人男子气概

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2021.2009075

Emily K. Carian

{"title":"“No Seat at the Party”: Mobilizing White Masculinity in the Men’s Rights Movement","authors":"Emily K. Carian","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2021.2009075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2021.2009075","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT I use the men’s rights movement, an anti-feminist backlash movement consisting largely of straight, white men, to examine how high-status group members develop a collective identity leveraged by right-wing movements. Drawing on 31 interviews with men’s rights activists, I find that masculinity, whiteness, and straightness play crucial roles in motivating identification with the movement. Interviewees believe others see them as privileged and thus immoral because of these identities. This clashes with the way they see themselves, threatens their moral sense of self, and evokes negative emotions. In response, they reconstruct themselves – as straight, white men – as victims, thus developing a sense of “we” and a basis for collective action. In an effort to recoup a sense of moral goodness and build community, they also construct a new collective identity as men’s rights activists, which invests them in organized backlash. This paper develops a theory to explain collective identity formation among high-status group members, and illustrates how the identity work straight, white men undertake in the face of culturally legitimate challenges to their privilege can invest them in organized backlash movements.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44975333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Moderating Role of Context: Relationships between Individual Behaviors and Social Networks. 情境的调节作用:个体行为与社会网络的关系

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-17 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2049409

Cheng Wang, John R Hipp, Carter T Butts, Cynthia M Lakon

{"title":"The Moderating Role of Context: Relationships between Individual Behaviors and Social Networks.","authors":"Cheng Wang, John R Hipp, Carter T Butts, Cynthia M Lakon","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2049409","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2049409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A social context can be viewed as an entity or unit around which a group of individuals organize their activities and interactions. Social contexts take such diverse forms as families, dwelling places, neighborhoods, classrooms, schools, workplaces, voluntary organizations, and sociocultural events or milieus. Understanding social contexts is essential for the study of individual behaviors, social networks, and the relationships between the two. Contexts shape individual behaviors by providing an avenue for non-dyadic conformity and socialization processes. The co-participation within a context affects personal relationships by acting as a focus for tie formation. Where participation in particular contexts confers status, this effect may also lead to differences in popularity within interpersonal networks. Social contexts may further play a moderating role in within-network influence and selection processes, providing circumstances that either amplify or suppress these effects. In this paper we investigate the joint role of co-participation via social contexts and dyadic interaction in shaping and being shaped by individual behaviors with the context of a U.S. high school. Implications for future study of social contexts are suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10956702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44294609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

NCSA 2021 Presidential Address: Discovery, Disenchantment, and Recovery: Finding Sociology that Matters in Amish Country NCSA 2021年总统演讲：发现、着迷和恢复：在阿米什国家寻找重要的社会学

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2021.1987075

Rachel E. Stein

{"title":"NCSA 2021 Presidential Address: Discovery, Disenchantment, and Recovery: Finding Sociology that Matters in Amish Country","authors":"Rachel E. Stein","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2021.1987075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2021.1987075","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Popular text-matching software generates a percentage of similarity – called a “similarity score” or “Similarity Index” – that quantifies the matching text between a particular manuscript and content in the software’s archives, on the Internet and in electronic databases. Many evaluators rely on these simple figures as a proxy for plagiarism and thus avoid the burdensome task of inspecting the longer Similarity Reports that show the matching in detail. Yet similarity scores, though alluringly straightforward, are never enough to judge the presence (or absence) of plagiarism. Ideally, evaluators should always examine the Similarity Reports. Given the persistent use of simplistic similarity score thresholds at some academic journals and educational institutions, however, and the time that can be saved by relying on the scores, a method is arguably needed that encourages examination of the Similarity Reports but still also allows evaluators to choose to rely on the similarity scores in some instances. This article proposes a four-band method to accomplish this. Used together, the bands oblige evaluators to acknowledge the risk they take in relying on the similarity scores yet still allow them to ultimately determine whether they wish to accept that risk. The bands – for most rigor, high rigor, moderate rigor and less rigor – should be tailored to an evaluator’s particular needs.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44796113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

North Central Sociological Association 2020: John F. Schnabel Teaching Address: Practicing What We Preach: Inclusive Pedagogy and the Sociology Classroom 中北部社会学协会2020：John F.Schnabel教学演讲：实践我们所宣扬的：包容性教育学和社会学课堂

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2021.1987077

Gregory T. Kordsmeier

引用次数: 2

The Paradox of Time: Work, Family, Conflict, and the Social Construction of Time 《时间的悖论:工作、家庭、冲突和时间的社会建构

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2021-09-14 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2021.1970062

K. Brumley, Katheryn C. Maguire, Shirin Montazer

{"title":"The Paradox of Time: Work, Family, Conflict, and the Social Construction of Time","authors":"K. Brumley, Katheryn C. Maguire, Shirin Montazer","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2021.1970062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2021.1970062","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Today’s employees work longer hours and face constraints from nonstandard, rotating, or unpredictable schedules. Even when they are home, employees are often tethered to their jobs by technology and expected to be available. Higher demands on an employee’s time can lead to burnout and greater job-related stress, impacting work-family conflict. Drawing on in-depth interviews, we analyze how women in dual-income heterosexual partnerships make sense of and manage their family relationships in light of the competition between work-imposed demands and family time. Our study shows how women attempt to control their time by setting boundaries, scheduling, and allowing work and family time to blur as a way to address hectic work and family lives; however, this is often not successful, leading to paradoxical outcomes, particularly for those with children. Nevertheless, our participants make their limited time meaningful as a source of connection within their relational lives by ritualizing meals, accomplishing tasks, and sharing space. This study extends our theorizing on how work and family demands shape perceptions and meanings of the structure of time.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46050463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Nonfatal Suicidal Behavior among a Sample of College Students: The Role of Gender as a Risk and Protective Factor 大学生非致命性自杀行为:性别作为风险因素和保护因素的作用

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2021.1966690

Racheal Pesta, Robert L. Peralta

引用次数: 0

“Personally, It Does Not Bother Me All that Much”: Nuclear Risk Assessments and Strategic Choice among Stakeholders in Post-Fukushima France “就我个人而言，这并没有那么困扰我”：法国福岛核事故后利益相关者的核风险评估和战略选择

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2021.1970063

J. Schweitzer, Tamara L. Mix

引用次数: 3