Sociological Focus最新文献_第7页

The Ecology of Environmental Association: Density, Spillover, Competition, and Membership in Sierra Club, 1984-2016 环境协会的生态学：密度、溢出、竞争和塞拉俱乐部的会员资格，1984-2016

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2134239

Jonathan S. Coley, Q. Mai

引用次数: 0

Committing to the Streets: Activism among Former Gang Members as a Pathway to Personal and Community Change 走上街头:前帮派成员的行动主义是改变个人和社区的途径

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2131019

Joseph D. Johnson, David W. Everson

{"title":"Committing to the Streets: Activism among Former Gang Members as a Pathway to Personal and Community Change","authors":"Joseph D. Johnson, David W. Everson","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2131019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2022.2131019","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Deploying former gang members and ex-offenders as street-level “interrupters” remains a foundational strategy of the Cure Violence model of violence mitigation. Amidst program evaluations yielding mixed evidence for the model’s effectiveness in reducing violence, we still know relatively little about the individuals engaging in the high-risk work of interruption. This paper draws on a multiyear ethnography of interrupters to better understand the factors that motivate individuals to adopt and, in some cases, maintain a commitment to community-based violence prevention. Based on ethnographic data which involved street-level shadowing and 40 in-depth interviews with violence interrupters, we develop an original theoretical typology of commitment to violence prevention based on three categories: 1) Loyalists, 2) Straddlers, and 3) Exiters. We then utilize our in-depth interviews to account for the varying impacts of violence prevention work on the lives of the individual interrupters. Drawing from the scholarship on desistance and social activism in criminology and sociology, we argue that the organizational dynamics surrounding violence prevention work precluded the pathway to sustained personal transformation for the majority of interrupters in our sample. Yet for some interrupters, strong intra-organizational ties with leadership, coupled with personal agency over the implementation of violence interruption tactics, facilitated a transformed activist identity and a durable commitment to individual, and community, rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"55 1","pages":"372 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41385547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What about Development? Social Capital and Suicide 发展呢?社会资本与自杀

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2133032

Matthew D. Moore

引用次数: 1

NCSA 2022 Presidential Address: Critical Analysis of Violence against Women in South Asia: Focus on Pakistan NCSA 2022年总统演讲：南亚暴力侵害妇女行为的批判性分析：聚焦巴基斯坦

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2134228

Fayyaz Hussain

引用次数: 0

Does Occupational Stress Play a Role in Forming Restrictionist Immigration Opinions? 职业压力在形成限制性移民观点中起作用吗？

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2123419

J. Berg

{"title":"Does Occupational Stress Play a Role in Forming Restrictionist Immigration Opinions?","authors":"J. Berg","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2123419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2022.2123419","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study extends the labor market competition perspective of immigration attitudes by examining the influence of occupational stress and employer-sponsored stress management programs on native-born, full-time workers’ opinions toward immigration levels. Binary logit and ordered logit models, with data from the 2018 General Social Survey, test the predictions of three occupational stress theories: job demands-control-support, effort-reward balance, and distributive justice. The results indicate that native-born, non-Hispanic white workers and native-born, Latino workers who are unable to develop their occupational skills on the job have greater odds of favoring reduced immigration. Job insecurity, lack of promotion opportunities, and poor intercolleague respect also negatively affect native-born, non-Hispanic white workers’ immigration opinions, while having to expend greater physical effort and having less time to complete the work negatively affect native-born, Latino workers’ immigration opinions. At the same time, native-born, non-Hispanic white workers who participate in stress management training have significantly greater odds of supporting increased immigration levels and significantly lower odds of desiring lower immigration levels. As immigration to the United States remains strong, understanding the social processes of native-born employee perceptions and the solutions to problematic intergroup relations may benefit individuals, businesses, and the economy.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"55 1","pages":"353 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49468859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Beefcake and the Beast: Professionalization, Mediatization, and the Representations of Masculinity in French Rugby 蜜蜂与野兽：职业化、中介化与法国橄榄球男子气概的表现

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2073576

Yan Dalla Pria, C. Bonnet

{"title":"The Beefcake and the Beast: Professionalization, Mediatization, and the Representations of Masculinity in French Rugby","authors":"Yan Dalla Pria, C. Bonnet","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2073576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2022.2073576","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of professionalization and mediatization of rugby on the representations of masculinity in this sport over the last quarter century. Data used for both statistical analysis (using chi-square tests of independence and Multiple Correspondence Analysis) and qualitative content analysis were collected in France through a corpus of 799 rugby-related advertisements mainly dating from 1987 to 2015. The authors demonstrate that, alongside the hegemonic masculinity produced by the socialization of rugby players until the 1980s (the “Beast”), the marketization of elite rugby that began in the 1990s has led to the emergence of an alternative figure of masculinity that values aesthetics over physical strength (the “Beefcake”). The authors theorize this hybridization as a way for rugby players, who follow the lead of advertisers and communications agencies, to distance themselves from the increasingly stigmatized figure of masculinity embodied by their sport in order to entice new audiences. Simultaneously, while allowing them to seize the financial manna of advertising, this rebranding reveals the plasticity of the hegemonic masculinity conveyed by rugby, which is able to regenerate itself by evolving with the times. Based on this case, the authors then discuss the dialectic relationship between the hegemonic model and hybrid masculinities in both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"55 1","pages":"285 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45363961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Emergent Specters and Disruptive Play in the Production of Disc Golf 圆盘高尔夫生产中的突发性Specters和颠覆性游戏

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2080779

Alex R. Colucci

{"title":"Emergent Specters and Disruptive Play in the Production of Disc Golf","authors":"Alex R. Colucci","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2080779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2022.2080779","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Disc golf is experiencing immense recent growth that, in 2020, noticeably outpaced the steady growth seen in the sport over the past decade. This spirited movement has vaulted disc golf into the position of a suddenly and perhaps unexpectedly emerging sport. “Growth” has become a central paradigm around which the sport (its institutions and participants) concentrates. Alongside this emergence, social and political issues emerge, unexpectedly for some, from the sport’s (recent) past that serve to challenge its present trajectory. To examine these emergences, I develop Derrida’s associated concepts of hauntology, absence/presence, and the trace to draw out and play with connections between the sport’s emergence issues. Revolving around “growth” as a central paradigm, production, excess, access, diversity, inclusion, toxicity, and sustainability all appear as related issues in the sport’s emergent present. Beginning with empirically based vignettes, I question the present social material condition of disc golf. This questioning, and emerging understanding, proceeds by drawing connections between the present condition of social relations in the sport and social and political theory. Here, I draw on an array of post-structural and political-economic theory during my analysis to carry through the vocabulary established by a hauntological framework and a sense of play. The resulting deconstruction provides both a playful vocabulary and conceptual apparatus for analyzing disc golf’s emergence and the status of other emerging sports. This process, in turn, demonstrates the transformative potential of embracing the decentering, disruptive potential inherent to ‘play’ in the double sense. The “play” of writing (with language) and the “play” of direct action that promotes difference to challenge fixed positions that are central to producing cultural phenomena, such as disc golf.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"55 1","pages":"236 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47395720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Systemic Racism Shapes Access to Interscholastic Sports and Why It Matters 系统性种族主义如何影响校际体育的准入及其重要性

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2067927

Kaitlin Pericak, Brandon P. Martinez

引用次数: 0

Introduction to the Special Issue on Emerging Sports 新兴体育特刊简介

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2022-06-13 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2081003

J. Woods

引用次数: 0

Between the Oche and Treble-Twenty: Darts as a “Way of Life” in Contemporary London 在Oche和triple - twenty之间:飞镖作为当代伦敦的“生活方式”

Sociological Focus Pub Date : 2022-05-02 DOI: 10.1080/00380237.2022.2068098

Nicholas W. Howe Bukowski

{"title":"Between the Oche and Treble-Twenty: Darts as a “Way of Life” in Contemporary London","authors":"Nicholas W. Howe Bukowski","doi":"10.1080/00380237.2022.2068098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2022.2068098","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article serves to answer the question, “What sustains the continued relevance of darts for working-class men in postindustrial Britain?” Darts remains a deeply popular activity and increasingly popular spectator sport in contemporary Britain, with common associations with the social clubs, working men’s clubs, and pubs of industrial Britain. This article addresses the continued place of darts within the context of the deeply destructive process of structural economic change that has transformed the country’s economic, social, and physical landscape and has deeply altered forms of working-class spaces of leisure from pubs to social clubs in long-standing neighborhoods. The author argues that darts is a medium that acts as a form of bridging between the periods of industrial and postindustrial Britain so as to continue working-class modes of socialization and relations that have been altered with the shift to postindustrialism. Darts acts as a mode of orientation and direction—a “way of life”—that mediates and enables a connection between industrial and postindustrial Britain. Moreover, the continuation of playing darts allows for the continuation of spaces of kinship and socialization for working-class men within profound gentrification and the transformation of London into a “Global City” dictated by financial capital. This basis of this article is derived from interviews and observation conducted at a series of amateur darts events across Greater London in January 2016. This article allows for a consideration of the role of leisure and sport within continued institutions and memories of class.","PeriodicalId":39368,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Focus","volume":"55 1","pages":"220 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46982577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1