IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Gas Embolism: Fundamentals, Diagnosis, and Treatment.","authors":"Mohammad Mahdi Mardanpour, Dan V Nicolau, Richard E Moon, Neal W Pollock, David M Eckmann, Dan V Nicolau","doi":"10.1109/RBME.2026.3677292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2026.3677292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive medical interventions or abrupt reductions in ambient pressure can result in intravascular gas embolism. The accumulation of gas bubbles initiates a cascade of pathophysiological phenomena progressing from platelet activation to ischemia and neurological dysfunction. This review integrates current knowledge of the biophysical mechanisms of bubble nucleation, progression, and vascular occlusion into a framework aligned with the adverse physiological consequences on circulation. The discussion further addresses the present state of clinical practice, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic interventions. Initial studies on gas embolism utilized in vivo models, and recent in vitro and in silico platforms have provided reproducible and cost-efficient experimental approaches. The initial symptoms of gas embolism often overlap with stroke, myocardial infarction, or sepsis. Reliable detection of intravascular gas bubbles is constrained by the sensitivity, resolution, and accessibility of existing imaging modalities, particularly in systemic cases. Current treatment frameworks emphasize hyperbaric oxygen therapy, while adjunct pharmacological strategies to improve clinical outcomes are under investigation. The challenges responsible for the persistent neglect of gas embolism in both clinical and academic contexts are discussed, and a forward-looking perspective on strategies to overcome these barriers is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":39235,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonogenetics for Precision Medicine: A Focus on Immunoengineering and Genome Engineering.","authors":"Chi Woo Yoon, Linshan Zhu, Xue Dong, Zhou Yuan, Yujia Qu, Peixiang He, Longwei Liu, Yingxiao Wang","doi":"10.1109/RBME.2026.3675985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2026.3675985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasound can penetrate centimetres of soft tissue, focus energy with millimetre precision, and operate safely under real-time image guidance. Leveraging these advantages, sonogenetics combines therapeutic ultrasound with genetic, cellular, and molecular engineering to create remotely programmable living systems. While widely applied in neuronal modulation, this review highlights recent progress in precision medicine, focusing on immunoengineering and genome engineering, illustrating how sonogenetics is moving beyond neuromodulation to enable precise control of immune responses and targeted genetic modifications. We introduce the fundamental principles of sonogenetics and key ultrasound-responsive biological actuators, including heat-shock promoters, thermosensitive and mechanosensitive ion channels, gas vesicles, microbubbles, and acoustically responsive nanoparticles. These convert acoustic signals into biological responses and are integrated into synthetic genetic circuits to control cell behaviour with high spatial and temporal precision. We then overview immunoengineering and genome engineering, covering cellular therapies such as CAR-T and engineered bacteria, synthetic materials, and CRISPR-based genome and transcriptome editors. This context supports recent applications, including ultrasound-guided immune modulation, remote control of CAR-T cells, tumour microenvironment reprogramming, targeted genome editing, and epigenetic regulation in vivo. We also discuss the emerging role of artificial intelligence in optimizing sonogenetic designs and outline translational challenges, including actuator safety and immunogenicity, ultrasound penetration limits, targeting accuracy, and regulatory pathways for device-biologic combinations. Key priorities include closed-loop dosimetry, scalable vector delivery, and actuator optimization. In summary, sonogenetics provides a programmable, non-invasive toolkit for controlling cellular functions, opening opportunities in basic research, diagnostics, and next-generation therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":39235,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Trends in Ultrasound Wearables: Spotlight on System Architecture.","authors":"David Weik, Richard Nauber, Erik Kaiser, Nele Kirsch, Robert Kunz, Lennart Schierling, Christoph Leitner, Luca Benini, Hsiao-Chuan Liu, Qifa Zhou, Jochen Hampe, Gerhard Fettweis, Moritz Herzog, Christian Kupsch","doi":"10.1109/RBME.2026.3664011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2026.3664011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wearable ultrasound sensing systems are rapidly emerging for precise, continuous, and intuitive biomedical monitoring and human-in-the-loop interaction in healthcare, industry, and rehabilitation. These systems must operate under stringent constraints on size, weight, and power while delivering actionable physiological and functional information. Advances in micromachined transducers, conformable electronics, low-power signal processing, and edge artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled the first generation of wearable prototypes, yet integration of hardware and software at the system-level remains a major barrier to mass deployment. This review maps the technology readiness and architectures of wearable ultrasound systems, and examines critical design trade-offs, including edge versus cloud-based processing and pulse-echo versus coded signal approaches. We identify recurring design principles and argue that modular, scalable, and reusable platforms are key to lowering development barriers and accelerating translation from prototypes to commercial deployment across healthcare, industrial, and consumer domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":39235,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Perspective on Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring: Bridging Emerging Principles, Enabling Technologies and Extended Applications.","authors":"Chentao Du, Ting Xiang, Guangyao Zhao, Mengkang Deng, Zijun Liu, Zexu Yang, Jiayuan Fang, Ningxu Yuan, Siyuan Zhou, Jian Li, Nan Ji, Jing-Song Ou, Alberto Avolio, Xinge Yu, Yuan-Ting Zhang, Tingrui Pan","doi":"10.1109/RBME.2025.3646327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2025.3646327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading global cause of death, highlights the critical need for effective blood pressure management. Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitoring, compared with invasive methods, enables home-based and long-term use, supporting early detection and continuous care. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, including accuracy issues, insufficient validation in real-world settings, limited application-specific sensor designs, and inadequate calibration standards and validation platforms. These gaps call for a systematic review to clarify the unmet needs and future research directions. This article reviews current advances in four key areas: (1) novel NIBP estimation principles designed to minimize user intervention; (2) flexible and wearable electronics that improve accuracy and comfort; (3) integration with theranostic applications and broader healthcare scenarios enabled by NIBP technologies; (4) calibration and validation strategies that enhance reliability and accuracy. With the rapid growth of home healthcare and AI-enabled wearable systems, addressing these challenges is essential to advance personalized, precise and stable cardiovascular medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":39235,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (R-BME) Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/RBME.2026.3652438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2026.3652438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39235,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"19 ","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11368641","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/RBME.2026.3652442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2026.3652442","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39235,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"19 ","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11368668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding Spikes From Multiunit Data","authors":"Dario Farina;Tianyi Yu","doi":"10.1109/RBME.2025.3647848","DOIUrl":"10.1109/RBME.2025.3647848","url":null,"abstract":"Communication and control in biological systems is mediated by the timing of discharges –<italic>spikes</i>– from excitable cells such as neurons and muscle fibers. Each spike is associated to a characteristic waveform that can be captured by sensors. The waveform's characteristics depend on the cell's biophysical properties and the recording modality. Depending on the technique, e.g., electrical recordings with electrodes, optical imaging, ultrasound, the observed signals are mixtures of waveforms emitted from active cells/sources (<italic>multiunit</i> data/signals). Recovering the timing and identity of these sources (multiunit or spike decoding) is central to neuroscience, clinical diagnostics, and neural interfacing, yet it remains challenging due to waveform superposition, non-stationarity, limited training labels, and the computational demands of high-density recordings. This review provides a unified methodological perspective on spike decoding by formalizing the problem as a sparse source separation task under a convolutive mixing model. Rather than organizing the literature by application domain, we group and critically compare methods by their underlying principles: classical spike sorting, Bayesian and probabilistic inference, blind source separation, and data-driven approaches, including deep learning and hybrid schemes. For each class of methods, we present the core mathematical formulation and algorithmic strategies and discuss assumptions and limitations. Our synthesis highlights parallels in signal processing across physical recording modalities and clarifies when and why particular approaches succeed or fail. By bridging previously compartmentalized literature, this survey aims to accelerate crosspollination of ideas between application areas and to provide a roadmap for selecting, adapting, and advancing decoding methods across diverse multiunit recording modalities.","PeriodicalId":39235,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"19 ","pages":"3-23"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11361153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Models of Neurodegeneration: Bridging Neuronal Dynamics and Disease Progression","authors":"Christoffer G. Alexandersen;Georgia S. Brennan;Julia K. Brynildsen;Michael X. Henderson;Yasser Iturria-Medina;Dani S. Bassett","doi":"10.1109/RBME.2025.3643310","DOIUrl":"10.1109/RBME.2025.3643310","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins and widespread disruptions in brain function. Computational modeling has advanced our understanding of these processes, but efforts have traditionally focused on either neuronal dynamics or the biological processes underlying disease. One class of models uses neural mass and whole-brain frameworks to simulate changes in oscillations, connectivity, and network stability. A second class focuses on biological processes underlying disease progression, particularly prion-like propagation through the connectome, glial responses and vascular mechanisms. Each modeling tradition has provided important insights, but experimental evidence shows these processes are interconnected: neuronal activity modulates protein release and clearance, while pathological burden disrupts neuronal function. Modeling these domains in isolation limits our understanding, although recent studies have begun to bridge the two by coupling neuronal and pathological processes. To determine where and why disease emerges, how it spreads, and how it might be altered, mathematical models that capture feedback between neuronal dynamics and disease biology are needed. This review surveys the two modeling approaches and highlights efforts to unify them, emphasizing that linking neuronal activity and disease progression is key to identifying strategies that slow, halt, or reverse degeneration and restore neural function.","PeriodicalId":39235,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"19 ","pages":"140-158"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11357276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145991308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Techniques to Assess Cutaneous Microvascular Function in Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Inka Mustajoki, Julien Riancho, Tuukka Panula, Jukka-Pekka Sirkia, Jorge Herranz Olazabal, Smriti Badhwar, Maria Kjellman, Katri Karhinoja, Maria Maia, Sam Riahi, Yannis Papadopoulos, Evelien Hermeling, Rosa-Maria Bruno, Matti Kaisti","doi":"10.1109/RBME.2025.3644411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2025.3644411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microcirculation is essential for maintaining tissue health and overall physiological function. Over the past few decades, various optical techniques have been developed to measure, visualize, and assess microvasculature. The skin has easily an accessible vascular bed allowing for noninvasive evaluation of microvascular function. Alterations in cutaneous microcirculation have been linked to dysfunctions in other target organs and vascular regions reinforcing the idea that cutaneous microcirculation can provide insights into systemic vascular conditions. Currently, there is no unified review focusing specifically on microcirculation-related optical techniques nor comprehensive analyses connecting these technological innovations to clinical evidence. This review aims to bridge that gap by systematically examining the wide spectrum of optical technologies used in assessing cutaneous microvascular function. We review techniques based on non-coherent light including oximetry, photoplethysmography, and microscopic methods and coherent light-based techniques, including speckle contrast imaging, diffuse correlation spectroscopy, photoacousting imaging, laser Doppler flowmetry and self-mixing interferometry. We emphasize cardiovascular research and evaluate the clinical relevance and technical maturity of the techniques. Additionally, brief explanation of skin structure and skin microvasculature while explaining light skin interaction is discussed. Lastly, we discuss these findings on wider context by including discussions and advancements in multimodal monitoring and machine learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":39235,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of High-Precision Ultrasound Diagnosis Methods Based on the Introduction of Deep Learning.","authors":"Masaaki Komatsu, Reina Komatsu, Akira Sakai, Suguru Yasutomi, Naoaki Harada, Rina Aoyama, Naoki Teraya, Katsuji Takeda, Takashi Natsume, Tomonori Taniguchi, Kazuki Iwamoto, Ryu Matsuoka, Akihiko Sekizawa, Ryuji Hamamoto","doi":"10.1109/RBME.2025.3645229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2025.3645229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasound imaging is widely used owing to its affordability, radiation-free, and non-invasive advantages. However, limitations stemming from operator dependence and artifacts have been noted. To address these issues, deep learning (DL) is increasingly being introduced. In oncology and cardiology, DL-equipped devices are transitioning to clinical use following approval. Nevertheless, DL faces challenges such as generalization, safety, and operational burden, making strategic implementation essential to maximize patient benefit. Existing reviews often list individual technologies but lack evaluation frameworks tailored to clinical implementation. Therefore, this review (i) organizes and formalizes limitations specific to ultrasound diagnosis, (ii) explains the latest DL methods addressing these limitations in terms of principles, implementation, and evaluation metrics, and (iii) examines recent clinical applications, including approved devices, supported by evidence, demonstrating that DL possesses substantial utility beyond the research stage for improving clinical workflows. It also critically evaluates remaining challenges, presents evaluation criteria to aid implementation, and identifies future research challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":39235,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}