Karissa Culbreath , Peera Hemarajata , Richard B. Thomson Jr. , Rebecca Yee
{"title":"A Day in the life of a medical microbiology director: Navigating the diverse duties as a clinical conductor","authors":"Karissa Culbreath , Peera Hemarajata , Richard B. Thomson Jr. , Rebecca Yee","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Clinical microbiology laboratories support a range of services such as infectious disease diagnosis, infection prevention, and antimicrobial stewardship. The role of the clinical microbiology laboratory is more pivotal than ever as we face emerging pathogens, increases in healthcare-associated infections, antibiotic-resistant organisms, and rapidly advancing technologies. In the wake of these challenges, it is crucial for a clinical microbiology laboratory to be directed by medical microbiologists (i.e. laboratory directors) as they can provide accurate laboratory oversight and professional competence. Medical microbiologists can be found pursuing leadership roles in academic medical centers, diagnostic reference laboratories, public health institutions, and commercial entities such as diagnostic and pharmaceutical companies. Given the diverse career trajectories that medical microbiologists can have, the perspectives of these laboratory directors may be different even though they all strive to meet the common goal of providing diagnosis and management of infectious diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141623984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Update on common Bartonella infections","authors":"Portia Mira, Elitza S. Theel","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This comprehensive review provides updates on the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and diagnostic methods for the most common <em>Bartonella</em> species causing human disease, including <em>B. henselae, B. quintana,</em> and <em>B. bacilliformis.</em> We highlight the distinctive transmission dynamics and clinical manifestations associated with each species, such as cat-scratch disease, trench fever, and Carrion's disease. The review also evaluates the advantages and limitations of serological and molecular diagnostic techniques, emphasizing the importance of integrating clinical evaluation with laboratory testing for accurate diagnosis and effective management of <em>Bartonella</em> infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141429522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aminoglycoside antibiotics: Trying to find a place in this world","authors":"Erin N. Deja","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aminoglycoside antibiotics were historically a cornerstone of antimicrobial therapy for many bacterial infections but as the threat of antimicrobial resistance continues to rise, the once broad-spectrum activity of these agents grows smaller. They are also plagued with the potential for severe adverse events such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, and emerging evidence suggests that these risks may outweigh their benefit in many cases. With the recent introduction of newer and likely safer broad-spectrum antibiotics, do aminoglycosides still have a place in therapy in modern medicine?</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 4-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196439924000126/pdfft?md5=84be899ff85f0c15b13019ab54bad65b&pid=1-s2.0-S0196439924000126-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enter the Matrix: An Update on MALDI-ToF MS Advancements through 2024","authors":"John A. Fissel","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MALDI-ToF MS has become a cornerstone of the clinical microbiology laboratory. The reliability and ease-of-use of these instruments make them a popular choice of study to expand their applications and increase efficiency. The use of artificial intelligence has rapidly expanded in recent years and efforts are underway to integrate this technology into the clinical microbiology laboratory to expand the applications of MALDI-ToF MS and advance beyond current limitations in the identification of clinical isolates. At the same time as the rise of AI, clinical laboratories are facing pressure to increase efficiency due to the critical shortage of qualified laboratory personnel. Studies examining the performance of simplified testing workflows seek to help laboratorians do more with less. The improvement and creation of additional databases is also improving the rate of successful identifications. This review seeks to provide an update on recent developments around these topics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196439924000163/pdfft?md5=c6740b41df7c838c2077718e4a4d970f&pid=1-s2.0-S0196439924000163-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141023677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnosing ocular infections in the clinical microbiology laboratory","authors":"Ashleigh N. Riegler, Sixto M. Leal Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The accurate diagnosis of ocular infections hinges on precise specimen collection, handling, communication, and strategic prioritization of testing methods. This review highlights the intricate eye anatomy clinical microbiologists should know to understand ocular collection techniques and diagnostic strategies. It explores limitations regarding specimen volume, offers insight into optimal ocular sample collection and processing, recommends optimal diagnostic strategies for a wide breadth of ocular pathogens, explores the utility of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and emphasizes the necessity of robust collaboration between laboratory specialists and ocular healthcare providers to ensure superior ophthalmic care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 11-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196439924000114/pdfft?md5=c133c869d9dec6f76d3e8d82b088290a&pid=1-s2.0-S0196439924000114-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Morshed , Agatha Jassem , Danielle Luk , Alexander Cheong , Mel Krajden , Inna Sekirov
{"title":"Clinical utility and interpretive guidance for SARS-CoV-2 serological testing","authors":"Muhammad Morshed , Agatha Jassem , Danielle Luk , Alexander Cheong , Mel Krajden , Inna Sekirov","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged in Wuhan, China, in 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide. Over 750 million people were infected and close to 7 million were killed from 2019 to July 2023 according to the World Health Organization. Early in the pandemic, it was suggested that </span>serological tests<span><span> can confirm atypical or remote cases and assist in clinical diagnosis when molecular testing was limited. Although clinical uses of serological testing are limited, testing remains useful to: 1) assess and differentiate vaccine from infection related immune responses (when whole cell </span>killed vaccines<span> are not used), 2) enable population-level vaccination/infection and/or hybrid immune response surveillance, 3) understand at the population-level how serological markers correlate with the subsequent risk of infection based on the vaccine product used and the circulating variant, and 4) understand how different types of immunosuppression<span> or other clinical factors impact the immune response. Seroprevalence<span> assessments for infection/vaccination and hybrid immunity was helpful to assist in early phase pandemic modeling and when integrated with vaccine status and epidemiological outcomes enabled assessment of near- and long-term vaccine efficacy. This article will provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 immunity over time, serology testing technologies, and appropriate SARS-CoV-2 serology test utilization and interpretation.</span></span></span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 24","pages":"Pages 209-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143272011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea M. Prinzi , Erin Garcia de Jesús , Richard E. Davis
{"title":"Communication is the bridge between confusion and clarity: Microbiology science communication","authors":"Andrea M. Prinzi , Erin Garcia de Jesús , Richard E. Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 23","pages":"Pages 201-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143283121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laboratory Diagnosis of Adenoviral Infections in Transplant Recipients","authors":"Joshua D. Shirley Ph.D., Joseph D. Yao M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Adenovirus (AdV) is a common cause of mild respiratory tract and </span>gastrointestinal tract infections<span><span><span><span><span> in immunocompetent children and adults. Among hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) and solid organ </span>transplant (SOT) recipients, such infections can be severe and lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of </span>AdV infections in immunocompromised individuals varies according to the degree of </span>immunosuppression<span> and age, with such infection due to either primary infections or reactivation of </span></span>latent virus<span><span><span>. Diagnosis of AdV is frequently made using molecular test methods, mainly qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Qualitative-PCR assays provide a presumptive diagnosis of AdV infections, while serial quantitative-PCR assay results provide clinical specificity in determining the significance of AdV detection in </span>immunocompromised patients. Since AdV can be detected in various clinical specimens obtained from asymptomatic individuals, clinical correlation of positive AdV DNA test results is essential for clinical management of </span>HSCT and SOT recipients.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 22","pages":"Pages 189-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143240057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}