{"title":"Enter the Matrix: An Update on MALDI-ToF MS Advancements through 2024","authors":"John A. Fissel","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MALDI-ToF MS has become a cornerstone of the clinical microbiology laboratory. The reliability and ease-of-use of these instruments make them a popular choice of study to expand their applications and increase efficiency. The use of artificial intelligence has rapidly expanded in recent years and efforts are underway to integrate this technology into the clinical microbiology laboratory to expand the applications of MALDI-ToF MS and advance beyond current limitations in the identification of clinical isolates. At the same time as the rise of AI, clinical laboratories are facing pressure to increase efficiency due to the critical shortage of qualified laboratory personnel. Studies examining the performance of simplified testing workflows seek to help laboratorians do more with less. The improvement and creation of additional databases is also improving the rate of successful identifications. This review seeks to provide an update on recent developments around these topics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196439924000163/pdfft?md5=c6740b41df7c838c2077718e4a4d970f&pid=1-s2.0-S0196439924000163-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141023677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnosing ocular infections in the clinical microbiology laboratory","authors":"Ashleigh N. Riegler, Sixto M. Leal Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The accurate diagnosis of ocular infections hinges on precise specimen collection, handling, communication, and strategic prioritization of testing methods. This review highlights the intricate eye anatomy clinical microbiologists should know to understand ocular collection techniques and diagnostic strategies. It explores limitations regarding specimen volume, offers insight into optimal ocular sample collection and processing, recommends optimal diagnostic strategies for a wide breadth of ocular pathogens, explores the utility of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and emphasizes the necessity of robust collaboration between laboratory specialists and ocular healthcare providers to ensure superior ophthalmic care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 11-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196439924000114/pdfft?md5=c133c869d9dec6f76d3e8d82b088290a&pid=1-s2.0-S0196439924000114-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Morshed , Agatha Jassem , Danielle Luk , Alexander Cheong , Mel Krajden , Inna Sekirov
{"title":"Clinical utility and interpretive guidance for SARS-CoV-2 serological testing","authors":"Muhammad Morshed , Agatha Jassem , Danielle Luk , Alexander Cheong , Mel Krajden , Inna Sekirov","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged in Wuhan, China, in 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide. Over 750 million people were infected and close to 7 million were killed from 2019 to July 2023 according to the World Health Organization. Early in the pandemic, it was suggested that </span>serological tests<span><span> can confirm atypical or remote cases and assist in clinical diagnosis when molecular testing was limited. Although clinical uses of serological testing are limited, testing remains useful to: 1) assess and differentiate vaccine from infection related immune responses (when whole cell </span>killed vaccines<span> are not used), 2) enable population-level vaccination/infection and/or hybrid immune response surveillance, 3) understand at the population-level how serological markers correlate with the subsequent risk of infection based on the vaccine product used and the circulating variant, and 4) understand how different types of immunosuppression<span> or other clinical factors impact the immune response. Seroprevalence<span> assessments for infection/vaccination and hybrid immunity was helpful to assist in early phase pandemic modeling and when integrated with vaccine status and epidemiological outcomes enabled assessment of near- and long-term vaccine efficacy. This article will provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 immunity over time, serology testing technologies, and appropriate SARS-CoV-2 serology test utilization and interpretation.</span></span></span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 24","pages":"Pages 209-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143272011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea M. Prinzi , Erin Garcia de Jesús , Richard E. Davis
{"title":"Communication is the bridge between confusion and clarity: Microbiology science communication","authors":"Andrea M. Prinzi , Erin Garcia de Jesús , Richard E. Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 23","pages":"Pages 201-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143283121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laboratory Diagnosis of Adenoviral Infections in Transplant Recipients","authors":"Joshua D. Shirley Ph.D., Joseph D. Yao M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Adenovirus (AdV) is a common cause of mild respiratory tract and </span>gastrointestinal tract infections<span><span><span><span><span> in immunocompetent children and adults. Among hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) and solid organ </span>transplant (SOT) recipients, such infections can be severe and lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of </span>AdV infections in immunocompromised individuals varies according to the degree of </span>immunosuppression<span> and age, with such infection due to either primary infections or reactivation of </span></span>latent virus<span><span><span>. Diagnosis of AdV is frequently made using molecular test methods, mainly qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Qualitative-PCR assays provide a presumptive diagnosis of AdV infections, while serial quantitative-PCR assay results provide clinical specificity in determining the significance of AdV detection in </span>immunocompromised patients. Since AdV can be detected in various clinical specimens obtained from asymptomatic individuals, clinical correlation of positive AdV DNA test results is essential for clinical management of </span>HSCT and SOT recipients.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 22","pages":"Pages 189-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143240057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A special invitation to authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 21","pages":"Page 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143290849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Histopathology of Infectious Diseases: a Practical Approach to Slide Examination and Interpretation: Part II of II","authors":"Rebecca M. Marrero Rolon M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The definitive diagnosis of infections requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates clinical assessment, imaging studies, and microbiologic studies. Histopathology<span><span> and cytopathology<span><span><span><span> are well-recognized diagnostic modalities that allow visualization, not only of infectious agents, but of the host response to an infection. These preparations allow rapid and direct examination of patient specimens and can help establish a diagnosis of infection and guide patient management. Anatomic pathologists and microbiologists play an important role in the </span>interpretation of findings in histopathology and cytopathology, and their collaborations can enhance the utility of these diagnostic tools. Identification of unique morphologic features of infectious agents in tissue and other patient specimens and understanding the </span>pathophysiology<span> of infections and the tissue reaction they elicit are important skills. Familiarity with available ancillary stains and tests that can be employed for tissue and specimen examination is also important for a complete diagnostic evaluation. Part II of this two-part article covers fungal infections, </span></span>viral infections, and </span></span>parasitic infections.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 21","pages":"Pages 177-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143290848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Histopathology of Infectious Diseases: a Practical Approach to Slide Examination and Interpretation: Part I of II","authors":"Rebecca M. Marrero Rolon M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The definitive diagnosis of infections requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates clinical assessment, imaging studies, and microbiologic studies. Histopathology<span> and cytopathology<span><span><span> are well-recognized diagnostic modalities that allow visualization, not only of infectious agents, but of the host response to an infection. These preparations allow rapid and direct examination of patient specimens and can help establish a diagnosis of infection and guide patient management. Anatomic pathologists and microbiologists play an important role in the </span>interpretation of findings in histopathology and cytopathology, and their collaborations can enhance the utility of these diagnostic tools. Identification of unique morphologic features of infectious agents in tissue and other patient specimens and understanding the </span>pathophysiology of infections and the tissue reaction they elicit are important skills. Familiarity with available ancillary stains and tests that can be employed for tissue and specimen examination is also important for a complete diagnostic evaluation. Part I of this two-part article provides and overview of the approach to examination of histopathologic and cytopathologic sections, and bacterial infections.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 20","pages":"Pages 167-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143222986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}