Microchemical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Breath-based esophageal cancer diagnosis using an electronic nose with multimodal sensor array and machine learning","authors":"Yuke Ren ,&nbsp;Raojun Luo ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Ziyi Zhu ,&nbsp;Guojun Lv ,&nbsp;Haibin Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Esophageal cancer remains a significant health challenge due to its high incidence and mortality. Our previous study demonstrated that gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) could provide accurate diagnostic models for esophageal cancer. However, the complexity and high cost of GC–MS limit its applicability for large-scale population screening.</div><div>In this study, we propose a complementary, more clinically feasible approach: a portable diagnostic system based on a multimodal gas sensor array integrated with deep learning algorithms. Unlike GC–MS, this system requires no pre-concentration and allows for rapid, non-invasive, on-site breath analysis. We analyzed breath samples from 120 participants (68 patients and 52 healthy controls). After feature selection using Particle Swarm Optimization, a Residual Neural Network model achieved an accuracy of 83%, sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 79%, and an AUC of 0.91.</div><div>This study not only addresses the practical limitations of GC–MS but also highlights the potential of sensor-array-based strategies as a cost-effective and scalable tool for early esophageal cancer detection. Our approach represents a methodological advancement, surpassing previous VOC-based studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117340"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular imprinting based electrochemical sensor for determination of vitamin B12 using holotranscobalamin as biomarker","authors":"Rishika Rohilla ,&nbsp;Ankit ,&nbsp;Amandeep Kaur ,&nbsp;Nirmal Prabhakar","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new molecularly imprinting polymer (MIP) based voltammetric sensor has been developed for rapid detection of holotranscobalamin (holoTC), a potential biomarker for vitamin B12 deficiency. The MIP layer as an artificial recognition element for holoTC was created by immobilization of holoTC onto Au/ZIF-8 modified FTO followed by electropolymerization of phenol, and then subsequent removal of immobilized holoTC molecules. For the successful formation of holoTC-specific sites, imprinting factor, template removal time, thickness of the MIP layer, and holoTC incubation time were optimized. The modified MIP electrodes were characterized using various physical and electrochemical techniques. The linearity of the holoTC concentration was achieved in the range of 0.01 pg mL⁻¹ to 100 ng mL⁻¹ with the lowest detection limit of 0.061 pg mL⁻¹via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemical response of the sensor was further enhanced using thionin-conjugated antibody (Ab-thn) due to the electroactive nature of thionin. The selectivity of the proposed holoTC-MIP sensor was tested against different interferents which did not significantly affect the response of the assay, presenting higher specificity for holoTC with imprinting factor of 4.24. The sensor showed a stable response for up to 40 days with good reproducibility (RSD value ≤3.9%). The practical application of the developed imprinting method in human serum samples was analyzed for holoTC detection and compared with the Total vitamin B12 assay. The results of the study were found to be highly reproducible and superior to the conventional method. This is the first reported method for voltammetric holoTC detection based on the molecular imprinting technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117341"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic mesoporous silica nanocarriers integrated aptamer-based colorimetric biosensor enables sensitive detection of P. aeruginosa","authors":"Kaidi Sun ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingyin Zheng ,&nbsp;Dan Qin ,&nbsp;Peng Yan ,&nbsp;Liyan Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Chen ,&nbsp;Lingxin Chen ,&nbsp;Liyan Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>P. aeruginosa</em>, a highly adaptable and drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterium, poses a serious threat to public healthcare. We developed a magnetic mesoporous silica nanocarriers integrated aptamer-based colorimetric biosensor (MMNCS) for <em>P. aeruginosa</em> rapid and sensitive detection. In the biosensor, magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles served as carriers for the horseradish peroxidase (HRP), with aptamers acting as specific capture probes to target bacteria. In the presence of <em>P. aeruginosa</em>, the biosensor anchored onto the bacterial surface, leading to pore closure and suppression of TMB oxidation by HRP. The established colorimetric biosensor achieved remarkable performance in a broad range (10 to 10⁵ CFU/mL), high sensitivity (limit of detection, 0.8 CFU/mL) and rapid assay time (15 min). Furthermore, the MMNCS platform was evaluated in tap water, artificial urine, artificial saliva and human serum samples, exhibiting good recoveries of 95.47% to 105.65% and a relative standard deviation between 0.93% and 4.17%. The approach provides a low-cost, sensitive and rapid platform for early screening detection of pathogenic bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIRT1 macromolecular mechanism and signal pathway dysregulation in kidney aging: Dataset integration based on electrochemical sensors and bioinformatics","authors":"Han Sun ,&nbsp;Cong Ke ,&nbsp;Yuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Luo ,&nbsp;Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Lingyu Ji ,&nbsp;Mingxin Gao ,&nbsp;Shuhua Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the intensification of population aging, age-related renal function decline has become a major public health issue, and traditional biochemical indicators are difficult to achieve early and dynamic monitoring. Electrochemical sensors are suitable for real-time, non-invasive or minimally invasive detection of biomarkers related to chronic diseases. This study systematically screened key molecules related to renal aging that are closely associated with the SIRT1 pathway by integrating transcriptome and proteome data from public databases and combining bioinformatics methods (including differential expression analysis, protein interaction network construction, pathway enrichment and core node identification). The results showed that SIRT1 and its downstream effectors (such as TP53, IL6, TFAM, SOD2, etc.) showed significant dysregulation in the aging model, involving multiple pathological dimensions such as inflammatory activation, enhanced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Among these molecules, IL-6, NAD⁺, lactic acid, H₂O₂, etc. are all target substances that can be effectively detected by current electrochemical sensing technologies, and mature platforms based on nanomaterials, enzyme electrodes or immune sensing strategies have achieved ultrasensitive quantitative detection in body fluid samples. Therefore, this study not only revealed the core role of the SIRT1 pathway in renal aging, but also identified a group of candidate markers that are highly compatible with the development of electrochemical sensors. In the future, this can be used to design multi-parameter integrated electrochemical detection chips for bedside real-time assessment of renal aging risk or intervention effects, promoting the connection from mechanism research to clinical translation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117351"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LDs-targeting multifunctional fluorescent probe toward polarity, viscosity, and SO2 and bioimaging in cancer, inflammation, ferroptosis, and acute alcoholic liver injury","authors":"Shizeng Pei ,&nbsp;Huiling Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Gang Nie ,&nbsp;W.M.W.W. Kandegama ,&nbsp;Chunrong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfur dioxide (SO₂), as well as microenvironmental viscosity and polarity are indispensable for redox equilibrium, biomolecular trafficking, and metabolic signaling, yet holistic analysis tools are lacking. Herein, we developed a multifunctional fluorescent probe <strong>TPA-TOB</strong> for simultaneous detection of polarity, viscosity, and SO₂. In the D-π-A structured <strong>TPA-TOB</strong>, triphenylamine (TPA) functioned as the donor, with 2-thiobarbituric acid serving as the acceptor, linked by a thiophene vinyl π-bridge. This architecture targeted lipid droplets (LDs), while the C<img>C bond served as the site of the Michael addition reaction for the recognition of SO₂. The D-π-A structure of <strong>TPA-TOB</strong> with twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) characteristics enabled it to respond to polarity and viscosity (≥620 nm fluorescence enhancement with higher viscosity/lower polarity). For SO₂, <strong>TPA-TOB</strong> exhibited 47-fold fluorescence enhancement at 420 nm (response time ∼ 10 min, LOD 0.87 μM), with 95.78%–100.58% recovery for SO₂ detection in rock sugar. Furthermore, <strong>TPA-TOB</strong> facilitated dynamic monitoring of intracellular SO₂ redox dynamics and fluctuation of LDs microenvironment (polarity and viscosity) spanning cell, tissue, and organism levels. Significantly, we realized the dual-channel mapping of acute alcoholic liver injury (AALI) with this probe, as well as identification of pathological signatures in cancer, inflammation, and ferroptosis. Therefore, we have established an integrative analytical platform to elucidate the interplay between SO₂ signaling and LDs microenvironment, thereby deepening the understanding of their roles in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, and providing novel avenues for mechanistic investigation and therapeutic discovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WASYS: A low-cost composite sampling system for wastewater drug surveillance","authors":"Miguel Muñoz-Bartual ,&nbsp;Ángel Sánchez-Illana ,&nbsp;Salvador Garrigues ,&nbsp;Francesc A. Esteve-Turrillas","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an effective approach to assess drug consumption patterns in defined populations. Among its critical steps, sample collection significantly impacts the analytical parameters including the representativeness of the final data. However, traditional automatic samplers, though widely used, are often costly, bulky, and logistically challenging to deploy in the field. In this study, we present WASYS (Wastewater Analytical Sampling SYStem), a low-cost, open-source hardware device designed for composite sampling of wastewater in drug surveillance applications. The system integrates a tuneable peristaltic pump controlled by an Arduino-compatible board, a sample collection reservoir, and a lithium-ion battery system, enabling autonomous operation in space-constrained sewer environments. The device is compact, robust, and suitable for extended unattended sampling. WASYS was deployed at several sewer sites on the University of Valencia campus throughout 2024. The collected samples were analyzed using a validated LC-MS/MS method targeting 40 psychoactive substances. A total of 21 compounds were detected, including high-frequency pharmaceuticals such as venlafaxine, escitalopram, and clorazepate, as well as illicit drugs like cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine, with estimated consumption expressed in mg day⁻¹ 1000 people⁻¹. These results confirm that WASYS is a reliable and scalable solution for a straightforward wastewater-based drug monitoring. Furthermore, its modular architecture allows future integration of environmental or analytical sensors, opening pathways for broader applications in real-time wastewater surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermosensitive molecularly imprinted polymers in solid-phase extraction for food and environmental analysis: A mini review","authors":"Zakri Husni Abdullah ,&nbsp;Rico Ramadhan ,&nbsp;Nur Fitrah Abdullah Sani ,&nbsp;Wan Nazwanie Wan Abdullah ,&nbsp;Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain ,&nbsp;Sazlinda Kamaruzaman ,&nbsp;Mazidatulakmam Miskam ,&nbsp;Ahmad Husaini Mohamed ,&nbsp;Noorfatimah Yahaya","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermosensitive molecularly imprinted polymers (TS-MIPs) are synthesized using temperature-responsive polymers such as <em>N</em>-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and its polymeric form, poly-NIPAM (PNIPAM), which enable reversible adsorption and desorption through thermal modulation. These smart sorbents combine molecular recognition with controllable phase transitions, resulting in enhanced selectivity, efficiency, and reusability compared to conventional MIPs. This review discusses recent advances in TS-MIPs design, polymerization strategies, and nanomaterial integration, emphasizing their impact on extraction performance and analytical sensitivity. Special attention is given to interaction mechanisms (hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking, hydrophobic, and electrostatic forces) that govern template–polymer affinity and temperature-triggered release behavior. Applications of TS-MIPs across various solid-phase extraction (SPE) formats, including magnetic SPE, dispersive SPE, and solid-phase microextraction, are systematically summarized for selected contaminants (e.g., organophosphorus pesticides, bisphenols, phthalate esters, sulfonamide antibiotics, tetracycline, estradiol and gentamicin). Finally, this review highlights current challenges and future opportunities for developing eco-friendly, regenerable, and high-throughput TS-MIPs systems, offering valuable insights for next-generation sample preparation and green analytical chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117334"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discriminating biothiols using a near-infrared fluorescent probe and visualizing GSH with a mitochondrially localized nanoagent","authors":"Yafen Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Li ,&nbsp;Jiamin Xu ,&nbsp;Xin Yan ,&nbsp;Hui Bai ,&nbsp;Ruobing Guo ,&nbsp;Hua Gao ,&nbsp;Li Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Discriminating between GSH and Cys/Hcy, and achieving precise visualization of GSH within mitochondria, are key hurdles posed by their similar reactivity. Herein, a near-infrared fluorescent probe (DCPO-NBD) and its nanoprobe LDH@DCPO-NBD were constructed for this purpose with fast response and desirable selectivity. Upon reaction with these three thiols, DCPO-NBD released dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran chromophore with a notable near-infrared fluorescence at 695 nm. Meanwhile, Cys/Hcy induced an intramolecular rearrangement cascade reaction generating green fluorescence at 560 nm. More critically, innovative modification of DCPO-NBD with layered double hydroxides (LDH) obtained mitochondria-localized nanoprobe LDH@DCPO-NBD. Moreover, the layered matrices of LDH sufficiently isolated hydrophobic DCPO-NBD, facilitating the cellular and in vivo imaging capabilities without the assistance of organic solvents or emulsifiers for solubilization. Further application proved LDH@DCPO-NBD can image the endogenous and exogenous GSH in living C57BL/6 mice. Collectively, our work successfully discriminated GSH and Cys/Hcy via dual channels mechanism. More significantly, applying innovative strategy of integrating mitochondrial-localized nanomaterial into the chemical probe design, LDH@DCPO-NBD enabled GSH visualization with excellent mitochondrial localization behavior, representing a novel viewpoint in biothiols visualization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An AQbD-driven HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of Osimertinib Mesylate and its impurities","authors":"Ayman M. Algohary ,&nbsp;Sultanah M.N. Alhunayhin ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osimertinib (OSM) represents a critical therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer, yet the very pharmacophore that drives its potency—a reactive acrylamide warhead—inherently predisposes the molecule to chemical instability. This creates a difficult puzzle for quality control: analysts must rigorously monitor a complex suite of degradation products, but existing methodologies often demand a compromise between high resolution and laboratory efficiency. To break this technological dichotomy, this study introduces a modernized, stability-indicating RP-HPLC strategy engineered under the framework of Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD). Rather than relying on trial-and-error, we systematically mapped Critical Method Parameters (CMPs) to define a robust Method Operable Design Region (MODR), achieving the simultaneous quantification of OSM and its impurities within a concise runtime. We also moved beyond conventional validation by employing the accuracy profile approach based on total error. This statistical framework provided a rigorous guarantee of reliability, demonstrating that β-expectation tolerance intervals remained strictly within acceptance limits with a negligible risk of measurement error (&lt;3.6). The method specificity was confirmed through extensive stress testing, where it successfully resolved the parent drug from breakdown products generated under hydrolytic and oxidative stress. Finally, we quantified the method holistic impact using the novel Multi-Color Assessment (MA) tool. By achieving a composite Whiteness Score of 75.9%, the proposed strategy proves that analytical rigor need not come at the expense of environmental stewardship or practical utility, offering a robust, eco-friendly blueprint for the routine analysis of OSM formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117333"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable deep learning-empowered label-free SERS for predicting early recurrence of IgA nephropathy using MXene-based composite films","authors":"Dandan Fan ,&nbsp;Mingxing Sui ,&nbsp;Yanhua Li ,&nbsp;Junhao Yu ,&nbsp;Qinglong Li ,&nbsp;Pei Ma ,&nbsp;Xuedian Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2026.117285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recurrence rate of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in transplanted kidneys ranges from 30% to 58%, posing a significant threat to the long-term survival of transplant recipients. Early detection of recurrence allows timely and targeted intervention, thus may significantly improve graft survival outcomes. To date, prediction of IgAN recurrence remains challenging. Repeated kidney biopsies, while critical for monitoring disease progression, are highly invasive and carry inherent risks. This underscores the urgent need for an early, reliable and non-invasive strategy to monitor the IgAN recurrence and optimize recipient outcomes. In this study, we introduce an ultrasensitive and tractable diagnostic approach that can interrogate urine samples from IgAN patients at a molecular level through the combination of deep learning with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Flexible composite films of MXene and Au nanocubes (AuNCs) with high sensitivity and excellent biocompatibility are developed as SERS substrates to achieve molecular spectral fingerprints of urinary components, that can be utilized to reflect the physiological characteristics caused by IgAN. The spectral fingerprint differences of urine components are successfully profiled through a deep learning model, showing a diagnosis accuracy of 98% for recurrent IgAN. Meanwhile, for those patients with recurrent IgAN, the model predicted them with early recurrence through quantitative assessment of the similarity between spectral datasets. Additionally, we successfully conducted quantitative profiling of three proteins including CD89, CD71 and ASGP-R in urine samples from patients with recurrent IgAN, which present significant difference between early recurrence and severe recurrence. This analysis highlighted the clinical significance of these proteins as biomarkers for current IgAN diagnosis and monitoring. Thus, the integration of SERS with explainable deep learning established a novel method for recurrent IgAN diagnosis, not only achieving exceptional diagnostic performance but also significantly advancing model interpretability through SERS spectral analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 117285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}