Microchemical Journal最新文献

{"title":"A review of conducting polymer hydrogels: Synthesis and characterization, and their sensors, and energy harvesting applications","authors":"Thi Tuong Vy Phan ,&nbsp;Madhappan Santhamoorthy ,&nbsp;Kokila Thirupathi ,&nbsp;Mei-Ching Lin ,&nbsp;Seong-Cheol Kim ,&nbsp;Keerthika Kumarasamy","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) are a new type of hybrid material that combines the electrical conductivity of conducting polymers with the high water content, flexibility, and softness of hydrogels. This unique integration yields multifunctional materials with significant potential for next-generation sensors and energy harvesting systems. This review presents a concise overview of recent advancements in the synthesis, characterization, and application of CPHs, focusing on their roles in flexible electronics and energy devices. The choice of various conducting polymers and their properties in making conducting polymer hydrogels and their characterization techniques that are essential for evaluating CPHs are highlighted. Further, the applications of CPHs in sensor technologies, including wearable strain sensors, biosensors, and chemical detectors, have been discussed. In addition, the roles of CPHs in energy storage and harvesting devices, such as supercapacitors, batteries, and thermoelectric systems, are examined. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of CPHs as promising materials for sustainable and flexible electronic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perylene monoimide-based red-emitting ratiometric fluorescent probe for rapid and selective hypochlorite monitoring and machine learning-assisted sensing analysis","authors":"Zhongkui Lin,&nbsp;Jiaxin Li,&nbsp;Na Su,&nbsp;Bingzheng Li,&nbsp;Xingyao Chen,&nbsp;Haitao Yu,&nbsp;Yanyu Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypochlorite (ClO⁻) is a highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that plays a crucial role in the resistance against microbial attacks. Moreover, ClO⁻ is widely used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent in daily life. However, its excessive use may lead to aquatic animal deaths and human respiratory. Thus, developing a rapid ClO⁻ detection tool for the environment and pathology is crucial. In this paper, we report the synthesis of a fluorescence probe (<strong>PMI<img>S</strong>), which is constructed by integrating the perylene monoimide (PMI) core with the thioether moiety. Based on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism, <strong>PMI-S</strong> undergoes the thioether oxidation process, enabling it to specifically recognize ClO⁻ with high selectivity, rapid response (15 s), and a low detection limit (DL) of 38.8 nM. <strong>PMI-S</strong> showed a blue-shift in fluorescent emission from 613 nm to 499 nm in response to ClO⁻. Moreover, the recognition process was systematically elucidated through high-resolution mass spectrometry, ¹H NMR titration, and DFT theoretical calculations. Capitalizing on its remarkable sensing performance, <strong>PMI-S</strong> demonstrated high-accuracy quantification of ClO⁻ contaminants in aquatic environments, with spiked recovery rates spanning 95.5–103.5 %. Furthermore, we engineered a tri-platform detection system comprising (i) <strong>PMI-S</strong>-functionalized paper sensors, (ii) a smartphone-assisted chromatic analysis platform for instantaneous on-site ClO⁻ monitoring and (iii) a machine learning-assisted sensing analysis method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a low-cost zirconium molybdate bimetallic center electrochemical sensor for simultaneous enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin detection in food samples","authors":"Muhammad Hussnain Afzal ,&nbsp;Wajeeha Pervaiz ,&nbsp;Nomair Elahi ,&nbsp;Zhuo Huang ,&nbsp;Guangfang Li ,&nbsp;Hongfang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A bimetallic zirconium molybdate (ZMO) nanostructure was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. It was characterized as a selective, non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing platform for the simultaneous detection of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) for the first time. Comprehensive structural and morphological characterizations confirm the formation of nanoflakes with a rough, interconnected architecture and uniform elemental distribution, providing abundant active sites for electrochemical reactions. The enhanced sensing performance was attributed to the synergistic redox activity of Zr and Mo species, which facilitated rapid electron transfer and strong analyte interaction. The sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity with detection limits of 0.014 μM for ENR and 0.019 μM for CIP, along with remarkable selectivity in the presence of interfering species. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated excellent reproducibility, stability in repeated measurements, and recovery from spiked real food samples, indicating its potential for practical use. The resulting sensor offers an effective and cost-effective approach for in situ monitoring of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, supporting food safety assurance initiatives and combating the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The specific recognition of glucose in real samples by AC-impedance method assisted with 3-aminophenylboronic acid-modified magnetic nanoparticles and predictive analysis via GridSearch-XGBoost","authors":"Chengpan Lei ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhikang Rao ,&nbsp;Shenghui Chen ,&nbsp;Siqi Dong ,&nbsp;Hanyang Bao ,&nbsp;Ying Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An electrochemical impedance detection method based on 3-aminophenylboronic acid-modified magnetic nanoparticles (M-APBA) is proposed, with machine learning models employed to facilitate high-sensitivity and high-accuracy glucose detection in complex biological samples. By leveraging the specific binding affinity between synthesized M-APBA nanoparticles and glucose, detection sensitivity and anti-interference capability were significantly enhanced. Experimental results demonstrated a well-defined linear response for glucose concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 μmol L⁻¹, with a detection limit as low as 0.71 μmol L⁻¹. Multidimensional impedance spectral features were extracted using the Randles equivalent circuit model, and the prediction accuracy of glucose concentration in real sample was significantly improved by incorporating an XGBoost model optimized via grid search method. The model achieved an R² value of 0.9997, with mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) reduced to 0.1068 and 0.2321, respectively. Compared with traditional single-feature fitting methods (the Rct value), the proposed multi-feature fusion approach demonstrated superior detection accuracy and stability in complex biological samples. Furthermore, measurements conducted on real samples revealed that M-APBA nanoparticle-modified electrodes maintained excellent detection performance in complex environments, exhibiting high repeatability and strong anti-interference capability. This study proposes a non-enzymatic glucose detection strategy by integrating M-APBA-modified magnetic nanoparticles with a machine learning-based impedance analysis framework, offering a novel solution for non-invasive, real-time glucose monitoring and demonstrating great potential for application in portable, low-cost wearable detection devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a triabody-based immunoassay against a pathogenic epitope in human ApoB100 for the diagnosis and monitoring of atherosclerosis","authors":"Juncheng Wang ,&nbsp;Meng Liu ,&nbsp;Rukhshan Zahid ,&nbsp;Wenjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiasheng Hao ,&nbsp;Yuekang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiovascular diseases are the number one deadly diseases worldwide, with atherosclerosis being their pathological basis. However, the development of atherosclerosis is chronic and asymtomatic, posing significant challenges for its early detection and timely treatment. Recently, a 3136–3155 amino acid sequence, p210, in the apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB100) of low density lipid was found to be associated with the severity of atherosclerosis and the risk of cardiovascular events. To develop a precise and sensitive immunoassay for the early diagnosis of atherosclerosis, three phage libraries displaying single chain fragment variable (scFv) against the p210 peptide in human ApoB100 were constructed in the present study, and three high affinity scFvs obtained, which were then genetically engineered to constitute a triabody that significantly enhanced its functional affinity and antigen-capturing capability towards the pathogenic p210 peptides. Furthermore, a rapid and simple method was developed with the triabody for early monitoring of the disease progression in clinical settings. The linear range of the sandwich ELISA containing the triabody was 36–576 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of 28.5 ng/mL. In addition, the average recovery of intra- and inter-assay were 88.4 ± 3.0 % and 85.5 ± 5.2 %, respectively. The developed assay was highly sensitive and specific for the pathogenic epitope, and no cross-reactivity with other antigens in serum observed. Importantly, since the triabody developed with trimeric scFvs against the same epitope has 2.5 times higher affinity than that of normal antibody with monomeric scFv, its derived sandwich ELISA could measure the amounts of pathogenic epitopes at very low levels, thereby capable of detecting signals corresponding to the severity of the disease in patients at early stage of atherosclerosis. Collectively, the phage library-derived triabody were successfully translated into a quick immunoassay with higher affinity against a pathogenic epitope that allows not only early detection but also real-time monitoring of the disease progression to minimize the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel Fe2O3@DCTA-Ag nanocomposite sensor for lead detection: Box-Behnken design optimization and real-world applications","authors":"Jassem Wannassi ,&nbsp;Pedro A. Salazar-Carballo ,&nbsp;Soledad Carinelli ,&nbsp;Hamza Kahri ,&nbsp;Fraj Echouchene ,&nbsp;Houcine Barhoumi","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead (Pb²⁺) contamination poses serious risks to human health and environmental safety, highlighting the need for sensitive and selective detection methods. In this study, we developed a novel nanocomposite, Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles functionalized with 4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)carboxylate (DCTA) and decorated with silver nanoparticles (Fe₂O₃@DCTA-Ag), using simple and efficient synthesis techniques. This material was employed to fabricate an electrochemical Pb²⁺ sensor based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The sensor performance was optimized using a response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a Box-Behnken design (BBD), evaluating the effects of pH, contact time, drop volume, and drying time through a 3⁴ factorial design. A multivariate regression model correlated the peak current with these factors, identifying the optimal conditions. Under these conditions, the sensor exhibited a linear detection range of 0.2 nM to 10 μM, with a detection limit of 0.2 nM. It showed excellent selectivity against co-existing ions and consistent performance in various food samples (rice, corn, milk, honey, tea) and environmental water samples, demonstrating its practical applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra trace mercury detection using a DNA aptamer sensor based on the electrochemical transformation of metal-organic frameworks","authors":"Kaiping Sun,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Yan,&nbsp;Luo Li,&nbsp;Yunxue Zhu,&nbsp;Puyu Zhao,&nbsp;Zhiquan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercury pollution has always been a concern due to its high toxicity and persistence. In this study, we designed an aptamer-based sensor relying on lanthanide metal-organic framework and in-situ generation of active substances through electrochemical conversion. Firstly, a lanthanide metal-organic framework with rod-shaped structure was successfully synthesized, which has higher conductivity and stability compared to traditional MOFs. By possessing the substantial specific surface area and profusion of active sites offered by rod-shaped Gd₄-MOF, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were deposited for the connection of tetrahedron DNA nanostructure (TDN). The active substances generated by electrochemical conversion has a more stringent arrangement and better response current compared to ordinary active substances, which can be used for ultra trace detection of mercury with higher sensitivity. After mercury added, DNA and mercury specifically bind to form thymine–Hg–thymine (T-Hg-T) structures, which cause changes in response current through conformational changes. The results demonstrated that a pronounced linear correlation between the DPV response and mercury concentration was observable, with a linear range of 1 fM to 200 fM and a detection limit of 0.66 fM. This sensor is successfully applied to detect the mercury content in marine products, so it has great application prospects for preventing and controlling mercury pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartphone-assisted antifouling colorimetric aptasensor for ultrasensitive ochratoxin A detection in coffee","authors":"Meng Xu ,&nbsp;Yimeng Li ,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Hu ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiwei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A smartphone-assisted colorimetric aptasensor was constructed for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) utilizing Au/CeO₂/rGO nanohybrid. The sensor integrates aptamer-functionalized Au/Fe₃O₄ (Apt/Au/Fe₃O₄) as recognition elements. The complementary-chain-modified Au/CeO₂/rGO (cDNA/Au/CeO₂/rGO) act as nanozyme catalyst for signal amplification through the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue-colored ox-TMB. The detection mechanism relies on competitive binding between OTA and cDNA/Au/CeO₂/rGO to Apt/Au/Fe₃O₄. Upon OTA introduction, OTA preferentially binds to Apt/Au/Fe₃O₄. These Apt/Au/Fe₃O₄ are magnetically separated and introduced into the cDNA/Au/CeO₂/rGO suspension. Unbound Apt/Au/Fe₃O₄ interacts with cDNA/Au/CeO₂/rGO. After magnetic separation, the residual cDNA/Au/CeO₂/rGO concentration in supernatant exhibits a correlation with the OTA concentration. This design effectively eliminates potential interference from the intrinsic color of coffee, significantly improving the accuracy of colorimetric detection. The aptasensor demonstrated superior selectivity towards OTA with a detection limit of 27.3 pg mL⁻¹. This specificity was validated against interference, with recovery rates of 102.1–117.4 % in coffee, as confirmed by ELISA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115167"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced recognition of doped and functionalized silica nanomaterials for electrochemical sensors and biosensors","authors":"Afef Dhaffouli ,&nbsp;Younes Moussaoui ,&nbsp;Pedro A. Salazar-Carballo ,&nbsp;Houcine Barhoumi","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silica-based nanomaterials have become versatile and robust platforms for next-generation sensors and biosensors due to their exceptional chemical stability, biocompatibility, and highly tunable structural characteristics. By precisely controlling parameters such as particle size, surface area, and porosity, these materials provide ideal scaffold for the effective immobilization of bio-recognition elements and functional groups. Strategic surface functionalization and targeted doping with organic, inorganic, or hybrid components enable modulation of key physicochemical characteristics, enhancing analyte interaction, signal amplification, and overall sensor performance. Moreover, the incorporation of metallic nanoparticles, metal oxides, or carbon-based nanostructures forms hybrid architectures with improved conductivity, catalytic activity, and synergistic sensing capabilities. These multifunctional materials support a broad range of detection technologies, especially electrochemical sensors that offer high sensitivity, selectivity, and operational stability. Their compatibility with miniaturized and portable devices further highlights their potential for real-time monitoring and point-of-care applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmonic resonance-enhanced photoelectrochemical dopamine sensing using ZIF-8 supported Ag nanoparticles","authors":"Dawei Yan ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Jia ,&nbsp;Shige Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microc.2025.115064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dopamine (DA), as a key neurotransmitter, is correlated with neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. In this work, we presented an Ag/ZIF-8-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor that significantly enhanced DA detection performance. The synergistic effect between Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and ZIF-8 not only facilitates rapid electron transport but also leverages the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Ag NPs. Under light illumination, this unique PEC sensor boosts DA detection sensitivity by 3.54-fold compared to conventional electrochemical methods. Furthermore, the biosensor demonstrates super performance, including an ultra-wide linear range (0.1–400 μM), high selectivity (0.31748 μA μM⁻¹), a low detection limit (18 nM, S/N = 3), outstanding anti-interference capability, and remarkable stability (&gt;98 % signal retention after 30 days). This work a new strategy for the development of efficient and stable biomolecular photoelectrochemical sensing platforms, and has significant application potential in the fields of neurotransmitter monitoring and disease diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":391,"journal":{"name":"Microchemical Journal","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 115064"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}