Dementia e Neuropsychologia最新文献

{"title":"Proposed protocol for post COVID-19 cognitive rehabilitation for attention and memory.","authors":"Letícia Silva Dutra, Nadia Shigaeff","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0109","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people suffered from Long Covid Syndrome, in which affected individuals do not recover immediately after the end of the infectious and inflammatory process caused by the virus. The most common neuropsychological symptoms of this syndrome are: memory decline, lack of attention, anxiety and depression.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to develop a proposed cognitive rehabilitation protocol for post-COVID individuals with cognitive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A rehabilitation proposed protocol focusing on attention and memory was developed, based on the tests used in the neuropsychological evaluation of affected patients. Researchers held weekly sessions for six months, each lasting 60 minutes. Homework activities were also assigned and corrected in the following session. The attention and memory sessions were conducted with activities based on the applied tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite the methodological separation of attention and memory, the activities indirectly affect other cognitive functions and abilities, such as executive function, language, reasoning, execution strategies, and cognitive flexibility. A computer, a sheet of paper, and a pen were used to present the slides for the activities. Attention training included all types of attention: sustained, alternating, selective and divided. Memory training sessions included activities that stimulated both short-term and long-term memory. With each session, the difficulty of the activities was gradually increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cognitive rehabilitation already has more consolidated evidence about its effectiveness for the treatment of other pathologies, so it can be thought that it will also be a promising strategy for COVID-19 too.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"18 ","pages":"e20230109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring risk factors for dementia in middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal study.","authors":"Bruna Moretti Luchesi, Mariana Tiemi Kajiyama, Amanda Rocha Abreu, Marcelo Kwiatkoski, Tatiana Carvalho Reis Martins","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the importance of dementia syndrome and its impacts on the population, interest in studying modifiable risk factors for dementia is growing.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the prevalence of risk factors for dementia in middle-aged and older adults over a two-year period and to identify what variables in baseline were predictive of cognitive decline in the follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Longitudinal and quantitative study, with follow-up evaluation after two years, conducted with 200 participants aged 45 years or more, registered in Primary Care Units. In the baseline (2018/2019) and follow-up (2021) assessments, sociodemographic data were collected, and cognitive performance and risk factors for dementia were evaluated (education, hearing loss, head trauma, high blood pressure, alcohol use, obesity, smoking, depressive symptoms, social isolation, physical inactivity, and diabetes mellitus). Data were compared using the McNemar's test. Individual multinomial logistic regression models were performed to identify the factors associated with cognitive decline after two years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentages of low education, traumatic brain injury, and smoking remained the same in both assessments. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of high blood pressure (from 55.0 to 62.0%) and physical inactivity (from 58.5 to 74.5%) and a significant reduction in social isolation (from 25.0 to 18.0%). Participants with depressive symptoms in baseline had a higher risk of cognitive decline in follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was an increase in the prevalence of high blood pressure and physical inactivity and a reduction in social isolation after two years. Depressive symptoms predict cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"18 ","pages":"e20230095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11041916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on frontotemporal dementia: its impact on language, speech and behavior.","authors":"Sha Abbas Mollah, Aditya Nayak, Swapna Barhai, Uddip Maity","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder defined by the selective deterioration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. This comprehensive review explored the effect of FTD on language, speech, and behavior. Early symptoms include difficulty in word finding, reduced speech output, and comprehension deficits, often leading to aphasia. The study discussed the profound behavioral changes observed in FTD patients, including apathy, disinhibition, compulsive behaviors, and loss of empathy, the importance of an accurate and early diagnosis, and its challenges. We even reviewed the potential for targeted therapies and the essential role of multidisciplinary care in managing the language, speech, and behavioral aspects of FTD. By examining objective data and comprehensive research on the subject, this study offers valuable insights into FTD's profound effects on language, speech, and behavior, assisting in improved clinical management and potential therapeutic strategies for this devastating condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"18 ","pages":"e20230072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11041917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why did humans surpass all other primates? Are our brains so different? Part 2.","authors":"Ricardo Nitrini","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0087P2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0087P2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The second part of this review is an attempt to explain why only <i>Homo sapiens</i> developed language. It should be remarked that this review is based on the opinion of a clinical neurologist and does not intend to go beyond an overview of this complex topic. The progressive development of language was probably due to the expansion of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its networks. PFC is the largest area of the human cerebral cortex and is much more expanded in humans than in other primates. To achieve language, several other functions should have been attained, including abstraction, reasoning, expanded working memory, and executive functions. All these functions are strongly related to PFC and language had a profound retroactive impact on them all. Language and culture produce anatomic and physiological modifications in the brain. Learning to read is presented as an example of how culture modifies the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"18 ","pages":"e20240087P2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11019716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reading and writing from right to left after anterior cerebral artery stroke.","authors":"Lílian Reuter, Guilherme Carvalho, Alex Reuter, Paula Caldeira","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the case report of a woman who started to write and read from right to left after anterior cerebral artery stroke, affecting the left supplementary motor area. No cases were found in the literature with exactly the same characteristics. She has been able to read and write faster after rehabilitation approach at Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, in the Belo Horizonte city unit, Brazil, despite the maintenance of the inversion. She returned to her previous activities in an adaptive way. It was discussed how the dysfunction in this cerebral area and its connections may disturb the reading strategy and direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"18 ","pages":"e20230044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11019718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why did humans surpass all other primates? Are our brains so different? Part 1.","authors":"Ricardo Nitrini","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0087P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0087P1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review is based on a conference presented in June 2023. Its main objective is to explain the cognitive differences between humans and non-human primates (NHPs) focusing on characteristics of their brains. It is based on the opinion of a clinical neurologist and does not intend to go beyond an overview of this complex topic. As language is the main characteristic differentiating humans from NHPs, this review is targeted at their brain networks related to language. NHPs have rudimentary forms of language, including primitive lexical/semantic signs. Humans have a much broader lexical/semantic repertory, but syntax is the most important characteristic, which is probably unique to <i>Homo sapiens</i>. Angular gyrus, Broca's area, temporopolar areas, and arcuate fascicle, are much more developed in humans. These differences may explain why NHPs did not develop a similar language to ours. Language had a profound influence on all other higher nervous activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"18 ","pages":"e20240087P1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11019717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise induction at expression immediate early gene (c-Fos, ARC, EGR-1) in the hippocampus: a systematic review.","authors":"Upik Rahmi, Hanna Goenawan, Nova Sylviana, Iwan Setiawan, Suci Tuty Putri, Septian Andriyani, Lisna Anisa Fitriana","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immediate early gene exhibits activation markers in the nervous system consisting of ARC, EGR-1, and c-Fos and is related to synaptic plasticity, especially in the hippocampus. Immediate early gene expression is affected by physical exercise, which induces direct ARC, EGR-1, and c-Fos expression.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the impact of exercise, we conducted a literature study to determine the expression levels of immediate early genes (ARC, c-Fos, and EGR-1).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The databases accessed for online literature included PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The original English articles were selected using the following keywords in the title: (Exercise OR physical activity) AND (c-Fos) AND (Hippocampus), (Exercise OR physical activity) AND (ARC) AND (Hippocampus), (Exercise OR physical activity) AND (EGR-1 OR zif268) AND (Hippocampus).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Physical exercise can affect the expression of EGR-1, c-Fos, and ARC in the hippocampus, an important part of the brain involved in learning and memory. High-intensity physical exercise can increase c-Fos expression, indicating neural activation. Furthermore, the expression of the ARC gene also increases due to physical exercise. ARC is a gene that plays a role in synaptic plasticity and regulation of learning and memory, changes in synaptic structure and increased synaptic connections, while EGR-1 also plays a role in synaptic plasticity, a genetic change that affects learning and memory. Overall, exercise or regular physical exercise can increase the expression of ARC, c-Fos, and EGR-1 in the hippocampus. This reflects the changes in neuroplasticity and synaptic plasticity that occur in response to physical activity. These changes can improve cognitive function, learning, and memory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>c-Fos, EGR-1, and ARC expression increases in hippocampal neurons after exercise, enhancing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis associated with learning and memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"18 ","pages":"e20230015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11019719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The uniqueness of the human brain: a review.","authors":"José Eymard Homem Pittella","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this review is to highlight the most important aspects of the anatomical and functional uniqueness of the human brain. For this, a comparison is made between our brains and those of our closest ancestors (chimpanzees and bonobos) and human ancestors. During human evolution, several changes occurred in the brain, such as an absolute increase in brain size and number of cortical neurons, in addition to a greater degree of functional lateralization and anatomical asymmetry. Also, the cortical cytoarchitecture became more diversified and there was an increase in the number of intracortical networks and networks extending from the cerebral cortex to subcortical structures, with more neural networks being invested in multisensory and sensory-motor-affective-cognitive integration. These changes permitted more complex, flexible and versatile cognitive abilities and social behavior, such as shared intentionality and symbolic articulated language, which, in turn, made possible the formation of larger social groups and cumulative cultural evolution that are characteristic of our species.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"18 ","pages":"e20230078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11019715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dementia prevalence among hospitalized older patients: a multicenter study in Iran.","authors":"Athena Enderami, Vahid Rashedi, Seyed Kazem Malakouti, Behnam Shariati, Najmeh Farhadi Birgani, Manouchehr Gharaeipour, Zeinab Kodan, Maryam Pourshams","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0083","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dementia poses a significant societal and health challenge in the 21st century, with many hospitalized patients experiencing dementia without a documented diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the prevalence of dementia and its associated risk factors among older patients admitted to hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included older patients (≥ 60 years) admitted to medical departments of a general hospital in three major Iranian cities. Researchers utilized the Activities of Daily Living-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL-IADL) scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Mini-Cog test, the 4 A's test (4AT), and the Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS). Among the 420 recruited older inpatients, 228 (54.3%) were female.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 71.39 years (standard deviation ±7.95), with 30.7% diagnosed with major neurocognitive disorder (dementia). The likelihood of dementia exhibited statistically significant correlations with gender, age, number of children, and occupation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Screening older individuals for cognitive impairment upon hospital admission holds the potential to prevent adverse outcomes and enhance the quality of treatment for patients concurrently dealing with dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"18 ","pages":"e20230083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational complexity of paid work and housework, and its impact on the cognitive performance in community dwelling older adults, preliminary results.","authors":"Carolina Feldberg, Juan Pablo Barreyro, Maria Del Rosario Quián, Paula Daniela Hermida, Silvia Deborah Ofman, Natalia Carolina Irrazabal, María Florencia Tartaglini, Cecilia Serrano","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0038","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Work and activity could be an important source of cognitive enrichment. Activities that are more challenging concerning the cognitive functions that are put into practice are associated with lower risk of cognitive decline in old age.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to assess the impact of occupational complexity and household tasks in three cognitive domains (verbal episodic memory, language, and executive functions) in older adults residing within the community.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A trail analysis was executed, using the structural equations procedure in 120 participants assessed with main lifetime occupational activity and household tasks questionnaire, as well as a neuropsychological assessment battery for memory, language, and executive functions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The regression weights analysis indicated that complexity in household chores showed moderate effects on executive functions (β=0.19; p=0.027) and that occupational complexity of paid work showed effects on memory (β=0.26; p=0.008), language (β=0.38; p<0.001), and executive functions (β=0.55; p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Paid work promotes cognitive reserve, contrary to household activities which seem to have a moderate impact on cognition. Differences in activity complexity not only impact people´s economic and social status and possibilities but can also determine different courses of aging and cognitive risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"18 ","pages":"e20230038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}