Dementia e NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2025-05-19eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0206
Henrique Soares Dutra Oliveira, Danielle Calil de Sousa, Sarah Teixeira Camargos, Francisco Cardoso, Paulo Caramelli
{"title":"Assessing higher-order visual functions: seeing beyond a flat earth.","authors":"Henrique Soares Dutra Oliveira, Danielle Calil de Sousa, Sarah Teixeira Camargos, Francisco Cardoso, Paulo Caramelli","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0206","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vision is a sensory resource that enables the creation of an internal model for perceiving the external world. The act of seeing is much more than the mere process of light reflection on the retina. Higher-order visual areas play a fundamental role in the ability to see, providing visual perception and object recognition functions that are resources beyond the process of perceiving color, motion, and form. Disorders of higher visual abilities can be the result of a variety of etiologies. The bedside assessment of higher visual cortical functions provides clinicians with a valuable tool when suspecting individuals with these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e2024206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12088668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dementia e NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2025-05-19eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0186
Alexandre Almeida da Silva, Bianca Araujo Vieira, Júlio César Claudino Dos Santos
{"title":"The relationship between sleep deprivation and the worsening of mood disorders in health professionals working night shifts.","authors":"Alexandre Almeida da Silva, Bianca Araujo Vieira, Júlio César Claudino Dos Santos","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0186","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the impact of sleep deprivation on the development of psychological disorders is widely recognized, little is known about the longitudinal relationship between sleep quality and mood disorders, specifically among health professionals.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and the incidence of mood disorders among health professionals who work night shifts, focusing on anxiety, depression, and stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study, approved by the Ethics Committee of the Christus University Center (Unichristus), in accordance with Resolution 466/12. It was carried out using an online questionnaire via Google Forms, in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 45 health professionals from different areas took part in the survey, including nursing technicians, physiotherapists, nurses, and doctors. The results indicated a high incidence of sleep disorders, especially among nursing staff, with average scores of 11-13 on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The correlations found between sleep quality (as measured by the PSQI) and the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were weak to moderate, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.37, 0.44, and 0.48, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that there is an urgent need for interventions to improve sleep quality and reduce stress among health professionals working night shifts. Despite the promising findings, the study recommends further research to explore these relationships in more depth.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12088667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dementia e NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2025-04-28eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0253
Gustavo Alves Andrade Dos Santos, Francisco de Assis Carvalho do Vale, Valeria Paula Sassoli Fazan
{"title":"Prospecting salivary tau as a diagnostic for Alzheimer's type dementia.","authors":"Gustavo Alves Andrade Dos Santos, Francisco de Assis Carvalho do Vale, Valeria Paula Sassoli Fazan","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although recognized as one of the most critical and prevalent dementias, Alzheimer's disease (AD) still does not have an affirmative biological marker, being diagnosed by excluding other pathologies that present similar symptoms. In the last decade, advances have been made in researching pathophysiological phenomena related to AD, with the identification of probable biomarkers. Some of these substances have a direct action on the degenerative activity that involves AD and may be associated with other pathological processes, such as inflammation and diabetes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>These occurrences led us to investigate further whether the levels of certain substances may be associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Biomarkers can be found in plasma, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This project investigated tau protein as a possible salivary biomarker in 76 patients, control group and Alzheimer's, with different age groups, to establish a positive correlation between the studied biomarker and AD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings showed that phosphorylated tau (pTAU) concentrations are higher in AD patients and somewhat lower in elderly patients without Alzheimer's, but in young patients without Alzheimer's the levels are much lower. Total tau had very similar levels in three groups evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on these results, we believe in the possibility of using saliva as an auxiliary method in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease, with the advantages of low cost, non-invasiveness, and ease of collection. Still, more investigations will be needed to confirm this method presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dementia e NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2025-04-07eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0191
Luís Jesuíno de Oliveira Andrade, Gabriela Matos, Luís Matos de Oliveira
{"title":"Intranasal insulin in Alzheimer disease (diabetes <i>in situ</i>?): a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Luís Jesuíno de Oliveira Andrade, Gabriela Matos, Luís Matos de Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0191","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. Evidence suggests that AD shares pathophysiological similarities with type 2 diabetes. Intranasal insulin (INI) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for AD by directly targeting the brain and modulating insulin signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of INI therapy for AD through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to June 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed original research articles focused on humans, investigating the therapeutic effects of INI administration on cognitive impairment associated with AD, and reporting quantitative data on cognitive outcomes, biomarkers, or pathological markers relevant to AD. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively synthesize the effects of INI on cognitive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 647 articles were identified, and eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall odds ratio was 3.75 (95%CI 1.49-9.40). The test for overall effect showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). However, the I<sup>2</sup> value indicated a high level of heterogeneity (85.5%), suggesting significant variability among the studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the current data is not yet conclusive enough to definitively establish INI as a standard treatment for AD, the evidence supporting its safety, efficacy, and reduced risk of systemic side effects suggests potential cognitive benefits for improving global cognition in patients with AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dementia e NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2025-04-07eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0204
Srushti Rajanna, Prajwal Pradeep Gundale, Apoorva Dev Mahadevaiah
{"title":"Advancements in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Srushti Rajanna, Prajwal Pradeep Gundale, Apoorva Dev Mahadevaiah","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0204","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes. Despite being the most common cause of dementia, effective treatments have been elusive. However, recent years have witnessed significant advancements in understanding and treating Alzheimer's. Key to these advancements is the shift toward targeted therapies tailored to individual genetic and biomarker profiles, promising more effective outcomes while minimizing side effects. The integration of advanced neuroimaging techniques has revolutionized early diagnosis and disease monitoring, enabling proactive intervention strategies that may alter disease trajectories. This review provides an overview of these advancements, focusing on disease-modifying therapies, symptomatic treatments, combination therapies, lifestyle interventions, biomarker development, innovative drug delivery systems, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and neuroprotective agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dementia e NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2025-04-07eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0216
Alberto Pereira Firmino, Maria Weryca de Souza Belo Silva, Beatriz Barbosa, Enrique Neves, Letícia Ellen Pereira, Thadeu Alexandre Paulino Sousa, Katie Moraes de Almondes, Clécio de Oliveira Godeiro, Rodrigo Alencar E Silva
{"title":"Co-occurrence of radiological signs of Marchiafava-Bignami disease and alcohol-related cerebellar degeneration.","authors":"Alberto Pereira Firmino, Maria Weryca de Souza Belo Silva, Beatriz Barbosa, Enrique Neves, Letícia Ellen Pereira, Thadeu Alexandre Paulino Sousa, Katie Moraes de Almondes, Clécio de Oliveira Godeiro, Rodrigo Alencar E Silva","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0216","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dementia e NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2025-04-07eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0218
Érica Dayanne Meireles Leite, Madson Alan Maximiano-Barreto, Letícia Lambert, Victor Oliveira Wercelens, Álan Luiz Éckeli, Marcos Hortes Nisihara Chagas
{"title":"Restless legs syndrome and ferritin levels in older adults with dementia: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Érica Dayanne Meireles Leite, Madson Alan Maximiano-Barreto, Letícia Lambert, Victor Oliveira Wercelens, Álan Luiz Éckeli, Marcos Hortes Nisihara Chagas","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0218","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In cases of dementia or major neurocognitive disorder, restless legs syndrome has not been extensively studied because the diagnosis relies on clinical assessments and self-reports from patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Willis-Ekbom disease/restless legs syndrome and iron-deficiency anemia in older adults with dementia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 70 older adults diagnosed with dementia and restless legs syndrome at a psychogeriatric clinic in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The participants answered data collection instruments addressing sociodemographic characteristics, restless legs syndrome, neuropsychiatric symptoms, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and cognitive function. Creatinine, ferritin, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were determined by blood exams (the latter of which was collected from the patient records).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample was composed predominantly of individuals with mixed dementia (i.e., Alzheimer's disease+vascular dementia). Women accounted for 55.7% of the sample, with a mean age of 77.80±9.36 years. The prevalence of restless legs syndrome among the participants was found to be 15.7%. Individuals with this syndrome had greater frequencies of neuropsychiatric symptoms, poor sleep quality, higher BMI, and lower ferritin levels (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of restless legs syndrome among older adults with dementia was 15.7%, and individuals with this syndrome had ferritin deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dementia e NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2025-04-07eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0133
Beatriz Cintra Martins, Lilian Barbosa Ramos, Anna Karla Carneiro Roriz, Henrique Salmazo da Silva
{"title":"Health multidimensional evaluation of institutionalized older adults according to cognitive performance.","authors":"Beatriz Cintra Martins, Lilian Barbosa Ramos, Anna Karla Carneiro Roriz, Henrique Salmazo da Silva","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0133","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assessment of living and health conditions of the institutionalized older adults contributes to the development of health promotion measures. The high prevalence of cognitive decline in this population leads to unfavorable health outcomes, which can be prevented and managed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the health conditions of institutionalized older adults according to global cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study of institutionalized older adults in Brasília, Distrito Federal (DF) and Salvador, Bahia (BA) using questionnaires on multidimensional health assessment and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 185 residents, 86 were evaluated, with the majority of the sample composed of women and people aged 80 years old or older. Cognitive decline in the MMSE was associated with greater difficulties in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (62.5%). Lower performance on the MMSE was correlated with longer length of institutionalization (p=0.043), older age (p=0.004), poorer Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) (p=0.087), greater difficulty in ADL (p<0.001), and higher scores on the Bristol scale (p<0.001). Conversely, higher education (p<0.001), better scores on the Mini Nutritional Assessment (p=0.003), larger Calf Circumference (CC) (p=0.036), and Hand Grip Strength (HGS) (p=0.0467) were associated with better performance in the MMSE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cognitive performance of institutionalized older people is correlated with sociodemographic and health variables. These results are oriented toward the formulation of public health policies and care management.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dementia e NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2025-04-07eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0223
Antonio Lucio Teixeira, Gabriel Alejandro de Erausquin, Rene L Olvera
{"title":"The conundrum of the connection between severe psychiatric disorders and dementia.","authors":"Antonio Lucio Teixeira, Gabriel Alejandro de Erausquin, Rene L Olvera","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0223","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychiatric disorders have been recognized as important risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, especially dementia. The strength of association varies among different psychiatric conditions, being more pronounced in severe mental illnesses, i.e., schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Multiple mechanisms seem to underlie this association, such as high prevalence of cardiovascular and other physical morbidities, poor lifestyle choices, and accelerated aging, including 'inflammaging'. They all represent opportunities for intervention, but it is still unclear whether current therapeutic approaches for psychiatric disorders can prevent the development of dementia. Other knowledge gaps include whether the risk of dementia applies to all patients with a certain condition, or if subgroups of patients are more vulnerable than others, whether different types of dementia are linked to specific psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dementia e NeuropsychologiaPub Date : 2025-03-21eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0178
Anna Alice Vidal Bravalhieri Ribera, Tayla Borges Lino, Nathália Oliveira Rodrigues, Juliana Hotta Ansai, Larissa Pires de Andrade, Gustavo Christofoletti
{"title":"Has the Clock Drawing Test been left aside with the replacement of analog clocks by smartphones?","authors":"Anna Alice Vidal Bravalhieri Ribera, Tayla Borges Lino, Nathália Oliveira Rodrigues, Juliana Hotta Ansai, Larissa Pires de Andrade, Gustavo Christofoletti","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0178","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a widely used tool for dementia screening, assessing executive functions by drawing an analog clock. With the rise of smartphones, many individuals have transitioned from their traditional watches to checking hours digitally. This raises questions about whether difficulties in CDT performance are linked to cognitive decline or lack of familiarity with analog clocks. A potential decline in the number of studies using the CDT may reflect concerns regarding this issue.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether the number of studies using CDT has been affected over the years by the predominance of smartphones over analog clocks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This bibliometric study analyzed 1,298 articles published in PubMed over the past 30 years (1994-2023). Data included year of publication region and methodological design. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Significance was set at 5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of studies using CDT has increased over the past 30 years, from 118 (1994-2003) to 405 (2004-2013) and 775 (2014-2023). Most studies were conducted in Europe (37.6%), Asia (27.7%), and North America (21.0%). The primary focus of the studies was diagnosis (82.2%), followed by treatment (11.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of smartphones over analog clocks has not affected the number of studies that have used CDT. Although analog clocks are no longer a part of daily life for many people, this trend does not currently pose an obstacle to the use of the CDT.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}