Dementia e Neuropsychologia最新文献

{"title":"Pupillary response test as a potential early diagnosis biomarker of Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Robert Shen, Yuda Turana, Yvonne Suzy Handajani, Lukas, Nelly Tina Widjaja, Nova Eka Budiyanta, Reiner Adi Putra Sumarta, Celine Gabriella Wahyudi, Hans Timothy Wijaya, Jimmy Fransisco Abadinta Barus, Linda Suryakusuma, Poppy Kristina Sasmita, Tara Puspitarini Sani","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychometric tests as the gold-standard for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) tend to be inefficient, nonreproducible, and are affected by many factors. Research on pupillary response in AD is not novel; however, there has not been a single study providing the diagnostic value of pupillary response parameters as a recommendation for their potential use for early AD diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate pupillary response parameters as clinical biomarkers of AD that are dynamic, affordable, efficient, and objective (non-operator dependent).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study on pupillary response parameters was conducted, with comparative and correlation-analytical tests between pupillary response and the Mini-Mental State Examination cognitive score. The diagnostic value of pupillary response parameters was obtained by determining the cutoff point of each parameter by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, Youden's maximum index, Area Under the Curve (AUC) value from the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Pupillary response parameters were classified into four types: size, response time, velocity, and acceleration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 128 respondents in total, consisting of cognitively-unimpaired young adults, cognitively-unimpaired older adults, and cognitively-impaired older adults. The pupillary response values without involving acceleration parameters were reliable. The diagnostic value of change in pupil size, the maximum and the average constriction velocity parameters have normal cognitive cutoff scores of 1.77 mm (sensitivity: 61.3%; specificity: 80%; positive predictive value [PPV]: 47.76%; negative predictive value [NPV]: 86.88%), ≥4.43 mm/s (sensitivity: 70.4%; specificity: 58.5%; PPV: 46.93%; NPV: 78.48%), and 3.12 mm/s (sensitivity: 70.4%; specificity: 55.0%; PPV: 45.83%; NPV: 77.5%), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pupillary response, in particular changes in constriction and velocity, can be potentially used as an early diagnostic biomarker for AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation criteria for diagnosing motoric cognitive risk syndrome: a scoping review.","authors":"Luisa Veríssimo Sampaio, Gislane Ferreira de Melo, Yandra Lima, Angela Maria Sacramento, Hudson Azevedo Pinheiro, Gustavo de Azevedo Carvalho","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0208","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dementia encompasses a range of cognitive disorders marked by declining abilities in attention, memory, and social cognition. Considering this theme, motoric cognitive risk syndrome arises as a promising response to long-term care and early dementia detection although it is a pre-dementia stage.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Considering that the early identification of individuals at higher risk of developing dementia could be key for the development of preventive actions, we conducted a scoping review to investigate the instruments used for the diagnosis of motoric cognitive risk syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we searched ten electronic databases for studies presenting the assessment of motoric cognitive risk syndrome published between 2019 and 2023. Two independent reviewers screened studies according to including criteria using Mendeley Desktop software to collect, eliminate duplicates and facilitate full-text readings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From an initial 225 publications related to motoric cognitive risk syndrome, 67 studies were considered eligible for full-text review. Some of those studies presented information for more than one sample, totalizing 82 studies in this scoping review.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the diagnostic criteria to identify motoric cognitive risk syndrome are well defined in the literature, there is no description of a structured protocol or list of instruments recommended to evaluate this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12088669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing higher-order visual functions: seeing beyond a flat earth.","authors":"Henrique Soares Dutra Oliveira, Danielle Calil de Sousa, Sarah Teixeira Camargos, Francisco Cardoso, Paulo Caramelli","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0206","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vision is a sensory resource that enables the creation of an internal model for perceiving the external world. The act of seeing is much more than the mere process of light reflection on the retina. Higher-order visual areas play a fundamental role in the ability to see, providing visual perception and object recognition functions that are resources beyond the process of perceiving color, motion, and form. Disorders of higher visual abilities can be the result of a variety of etiologies. The bedside assessment of higher visual cortical functions provides clinicians with a valuable tool when suspecting individuals with these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e2024206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12088668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normative data of the Spanish version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in older individuals from Peru.","authors":"Lucia Bulgarelli, Emilia Gyr, Jose Villanueva, Koni Mejía, Claudia Mejía, Renato Paredes, Sheyla Blumen","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0261","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has proven to be an effective tool for detecting early dementia in older adults. However, in the Latin American region, there are few available norms of the Spanish version. The Peruvian population faces major healthcare barriers to early screening, so it is important to validate this instrument within this population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To standardise the Spanish version of the MoCA for the older population in Lima, addressing the critical need for culturally and demographically adapted cognitive evaluation tools in Peru.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The test was administered to 338 ambulatory and homebound adults aged 60 to 80 (216 women) from three institutions: San Miguel District Municipality, San José Obrero Polyclinic in Barranco, and EDMECON in Surco. we computed regression-based norms adjusted for age and education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sex was not a predictor of the total scores of MoCA. Moreover, age (R2=0.12) and education (R2=0.24) significantly influenced cognitive performance, with education being the strongest predictor. A raw score above 18 indicates normal cognitive performance for the total sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We provided normative data and cutoff scores for older Peruvians, supporting the clinical use of the MoCA in Peru and setting a benchmark for future test standardizations in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12088666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between sleep deprivation and the worsening of mood disorders in health professionals working night shifts.","authors":"Alexandre Almeida da Silva, Bianca Araujo Vieira, Júlio César Claudino Dos Santos","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0186","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the impact of sleep deprivation on the development of psychological disorders is widely recognized, little is known about the longitudinal relationship between sleep quality and mood disorders, specifically among health professionals.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and the incidence of mood disorders among health professionals who work night shifts, focusing on anxiety, depression, and stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study, approved by the Ethics Committee of the Christus University Center (Unichristus), in accordance with Resolution 466/12. It was carried out using an online questionnaire via Google Forms, in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 45 health professionals from different areas took part in the survey, including nursing technicians, physiotherapists, nurses, and doctors. The results indicated a high incidence of sleep disorders, especially among nursing staff, with average scores of 11-13 on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The correlations found between sleep quality (as measured by the PSQI) and the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were weak to moderate, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.37, 0.44, and 0.48, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that there is an urgent need for interventions to improve sleep quality and reduce stress among health professionals working night shifts. Despite the promising findings, the study recommends further research to explore these relationships in more depth.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12088667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospecting salivary tau as a diagnostic for Alzheimer's type dementia.","authors":"Gustavo Alves Andrade Dos Santos, Francisco de Assis Carvalho do Vale, Valeria Paula Sassoli Fazan","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although recognized as one of the most critical and prevalent dementias, Alzheimer's disease (AD) still does not have an affirmative biological marker, being diagnosed by excluding other pathologies that present similar symptoms. In the last decade, advances have been made in researching pathophysiological phenomena related to AD, with the identification of probable biomarkers. Some of these substances have a direct action on the degenerative activity that involves AD and may be associated with other pathological processes, such as inflammation and diabetes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>These occurrences led us to investigate further whether the levels of certain substances may be associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Biomarkers can be found in plasma, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This project investigated tau protein as a possible salivary biomarker in 76 patients, control group and Alzheimer's, with different age groups, to establish a positive correlation between the studied biomarker and AD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings showed that phosphorylated tau (pTAU) concentrations are higher in AD patients and somewhat lower in elderly patients without Alzheimer's, but in young patients without Alzheimer's the levels are much lower. Total tau had very similar levels in three groups evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on these results, we believe in the possibility of using saliva as an auxiliary method in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease, with the advantages of low cost, non-invasiveness, and ease of collection. Still, more investigations will be needed to confirm this method presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal insulin in Alzheimer disease (diabetes <i>in situ</i>?): a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Luís Jesuíno de Oliveira Andrade, Gabriela Matos, Luís Matos de Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0191","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. Evidence suggests that AD shares pathophysiological similarities with type 2 diabetes. Intranasal insulin (INI) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for AD by directly targeting the brain and modulating insulin signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of INI therapy for AD through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to June 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed original research articles focused on humans, investigating the therapeutic effects of INI administration on cognitive impairment associated with AD, and reporting quantitative data on cognitive outcomes, biomarkers, or pathological markers relevant to AD. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively synthesize the effects of INI on cognitive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 647 articles were identified, and eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall odds ratio was 3.75 (95%CI 1.49-9.40). The test for overall effect showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). However, the I² value indicated a high level of heterogeneity (85.5%), suggesting significant variability among the studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the current data is not yet conclusive enough to definitively establish INI as a standard treatment for AD, the evidence supporting its safety, efficacy, and reduced risk of systemic side effects suggests potential cognitive benefits for improving global cognition in patients with AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Srushti Rajanna, Prajwal Pradeep Gundale, Apoorva Dev Mahadevaiah","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0204","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes. Despite being the most common cause of dementia, effective treatments have been elusive. However, recent years have witnessed significant advancements in understanding and treating Alzheimer's. Key to these advancements is the shift toward targeted therapies tailored to individual genetic and biomarker profiles, promising more effective outcomes while minimizing side effects. The integration of advanced neuroimaging techniques has revolutionized early diagnosis and disease monitoring, enabling proactive intervention strategies that may alter disease trajectories. This review provides an overview of these advancements, focusing on disease-modifying therapies, symptomatic treatments, combination therapies, lifestyle interventions, biomarker development, innovative drug delivery systems, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and neuroprotective agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-occurrence of radiological signs of Marchiafava-Bignami disease and alcohol-related cerebellar degeneration.","authors":"Alberto Pereira Firmino, Maria Weryca de Souza Belo Silva, Beatriz Barbosa, Enrique Neves, Letícia Ellen Pereira, Thadeu Alexandre Paulino Sousa, Katie Moraes de Almondes, Clécio de Oliveira Godeiro, Rodrigo Alencar E Silva","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0216","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restless legs syndrome and ferritin levels in older adults with dementia: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Érica Dayanne Meireles Leite, Madson Alan Maximiano-Barreto, Letícia Lambert, Victor Oliveira Wercelens, Álan Luiz Éckeli, Marcos Hortes Nisihara Chagas","doi":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0218","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In cases of dementia or major neurocognitive disorder, restless legs syndrome has not been extensively studied because the diagnosis relies on clinical assessments and self-reports from patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Willis-Ekbom disease/restless legs syndrome and iron-deficiency anemia in older adults with dementia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 70 older adults diagnosed with dementia and restless legs syndrome at a psychogeriatric clinic in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The participants answered data collection instruments addressing sociodemographic characteristics, restless legs syndrome, neuropsychiatric symptoms, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and cognitive function. Creatinine, ferritin, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were determined by blood exams (the latter of which was collected from the patient records).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample was composed predominantly of individuals with mixed dementia (i.e., Alzheimer's disease+vascular dementia). Women accounted for 55.7% of the sample, with a mean age of 77.80±9.36 years. The prevalence of restless legs syndrome among the participants was found to be 15.7%. Individuals with this syndrome had greater frequencies of neuropsychiatric symptoms, poor sleep quality, higher BMI, and lower ferritin levels (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of restless legs syndrome among older adults with dementia was 15.7%, and individuals with this syndrome had ferritin deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":39167,"journal":{"name":"Dementia e Neuropsychologia","volume":"19 ","pages":"e20240218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11975294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}