Biologie Aujourd''hui最新文献_第5页

[Historical and philosophical issues in animal experimentation]. [动物实验中的历史和哲学问题]。

Biologie Aujourd''hui Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2023030

Georges Chapouthier

{"title":"[Historical and philosophical issues in animal experimentation].","authors":"Georges Chapouthier","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2023030","DOIUrl":"10.1051/jbio/2023030","url":null,"abstract":"Initial practices involving experimentation with animals can be found in ancient Greece, but animal experimentation as understood in the modern world first emerged in the Renaissance. In the 19th century, the French scientist Claude Bernard analysed the basis for animal experimentation using the Cartesian philosophical concept of animals being equivalent to machines. Yet as Claude Bernard's work on biology developed, it showed that animals, in particular the so-called sentient animals, did have forms of sensitivity and consciousness similar to humans. This led to the present-day moral concern with animal experimentation. The moral argument is expressed in philosophical terms in the Universal Declaration of Animal Rights and the law known as the \"Three Rs\", while the practical measures for implementation are set out in the European Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, and then as transposed and enforced in the different European Union Member States. This has led to improvements in the treatment of animals used for experimentation, and also allows scope for further improvements to be added in the future, particularly with alternative methods.","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"217 3-4","pages":"193-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138452745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Françoise Dieterlen et la Société de Biologie. francoise Dieterlen和生物学会。

Biologie Aujourd''hui Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2023008

André Calas

引用次数: 0

Hommage à Françoise Dieterlen. 向弗朗索瓦·迪特伦致敬。

Biologie Aujourd''hui Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2023010

Nicole Le Douarin

引用次数: 0

[Remember: Françoise Dieterlen]. 记住:弗朗索瓦·迪伦。

Biologie Aujourd''hui Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2023006

Luc Pardanaud

引用次数: 0

[Theoretical and clinical implications of trauma]. [创伤的理论和临床意义]。

Biologie Aujourd''hui Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2023005

Philippe Fossati

{"title":"[Theoretical and clinical implications of trauma].","authors":"Philippe Fossati","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2023005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2023005","url":null,"abstract":"Usually, trauma is defined as exposure to an event that threatens death or induces serious injury or sexual violence. Beyond post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma may increase the risk for severe mental disorders including mood disorders and psychotic disorder. PTSD, following exposure to a traumatic event, is strongly linked to dissociation. However, in contrast convergent findings indicated that, despite the relationship between peri-traumatic dissociation and later PTSD, many people who develop PTSD do not display dissociative responses in the acute phase after the event. Several risk factors are described for PTSD including previous history of traumatic event, previous mental disorders, genetic factors and gender. It is now proposed to distinguish PTSD with or without dissociative symptoms with some specific neural signature for each syndrome. Dissociation may also lead to change in cultural belief and worldview. According to the terror management theory (TMT), it is suggested that cultural worldviews, self-esteem, and interpersonal relationships work together to protect individuals from death anxiety. The trauma, by disrupting this anxiety buffering system, contributes to change beliefs in victims and exposes them to a feeling of social exclusion.","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"217 1-2","pages":"49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9805508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Exploring together with Françoise Dieterlen the origin of hematopoietic stem cells]. [与franoise Dieterlen共同探讨造血干细胞的起源]。

Biologie Aujourd''hui Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2023013

Thierry Jaffredo

引用次数: 0

[Memories of the 13-November 2015 terrorist attacks: what discourse analysis can teach us]. [2015年11月13日恐怖袭击的记忆:话语分析给我们的启示]。

Biologie Aujourd''hui Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2023017

Denis Peschanski, Bénédicte Pincemin, Serge Heiden, Charlotte Lacoste

引用次数: 0

Françoise Dieterlen. Francoise Dieterlen。

Biologie Aujourd''hui Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2023014

Thierry Jaffredo

引用次数: 0

[Memory and traumatism: From biology to humanities]. [记忆和创伤:从生物学到人文科学]。

Biologie Aujourd''hui Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2023021

Francis Eustache, Bérengère Guillery, Denis Peschanski

引用次数: 0

[Animal models of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder]. [创伤和创伤后应激障碍的动物模型]。

Biologie Aujourd''hui Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2023022

Karim Benchenane

{"title":"[Animal models of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder].","authors":"Karim Benchenane","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2023022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2023022","url":null,"abstract":"Initially believed to be specific to humans emerging from life-threatening events, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been found to occur in wild animals and can also be experimentally induced in laboratory rodents. This article aims to highlight and discuss the evolution and relevance of animal models in PTSD research. Studies by LeDoux, Davis, and McGaugh have made significant contributions to our understanding of PTSD. By focusing on fear responses in rodents and aversive Pavlovian conditioning, they suggested that PTSD could result from excessively efficient aversive learning processes, with a significant role played by amygdala. However, numerous studies have shown that this explanation fails to account for the complexity of processes involved in PTSD. Current hypotheses focus on deficits in extinction retention, perception of safety signals, or emotional regulation. This review will specifically address the animal models that closely resemble human PTSD and explore reasons for their limited utilization, as a majority of animal studies continues to employ classical Pavlovian conditioning protocols. Furthermore, this review will present cutting-edge experimental studies that tackle previously challenging questions in animal research. Specifically, we will examine the relationship between respiration and the maintenance of fear states, offering a potential explanation for the efficacy of meditation and breath control techniques in emotion regulation. We will also shed light on recent findings on decoding neural activity related to internal representations in animals, thus enabling now the exploration of rumination, a characteristic symptom of PTSD previously inaccessible to animal studies.","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"217 1-2","pages":"89-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9801623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0