Biologie Aujourd''hui最新文献

{"title":"[Metamorphoses in fishes and their endocrine regulations].","authors":"Sylvie Dufour, Laurent Sachs, Patrick Martin, Karine Rousseau","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2025002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most emblematic metamorphoses in the animal kingdom remain those of the caterpillar into a butterfly and the tadpole into a frog. However, some other vertebrates also present, at one or more steps of their biological cycle, drastic changes in their morphology, physiology and behavior, allowing them to adapt to a new environment (habitat) and way of life, and thus considered as metamorphoses. This is the case within fish, for some representatives of teleosts (the largest group among vertebrates) and of cyclostomes (the most ancient group among vertebrates). Thus, a larval (or primary) metamorphosis takes place, as for amphibians, in pleuronectiformes (e.g. flatfish), elopomorphs (e.g. eels) and also in cyclostomes (e.g. lamprey). This larval metamorphosis is controlled, in all cases, by thyroid hormones. However, this regulation is remarkably opposite, stimulatory in teleosts as in amphibians, and inhibitory in the lamprey. These opposing regulations, as well as the presence of metamorphoses only in certain groups or even certain species, suggest that the recruitment of thyroid hormones for the control of metamorphoses would have occurred repeatedly and independently during the evolution of vertebrates. The neuroendocrine control of the production of thyroid hormones during larval metamorphosis is ensured in amphibians by the stimulatory control of pituitary thyrotropin, itself under the stimulatory control of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone instead of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone classically involved in the thyrotropic control of metabolism. A similar neuroendocrine control would also occur for teleost larval metamorphosis, but investigations are yet limited. Data are still lacking concerning the neuroendocrine control of the production of thyroid hormone which exerts an inhibitory control on lamprey metamorphosis. In some amphidromous migratory fishes, a so-called secondary metamorphosis, because it occurs at the juvenile stage, allows the passage from the freshwater (river) to the seawater (ocean). These are silvering in eels and smoltification in salmons. Salmon smoltification is a transition between two phases of juvenile body growth, under the positive control of thyroid hormones, as the larval metamorphosis of amphibians and teleosts. In contrast, eel silvering marks the end of the feeding and body growth phase as well as the initiation of the reproductive phase, and is controlled by the gonadotropic axis with sex steroids. The additional involvement of other hormones, such as cortisol for larval and secondary metamorphosis and growth hormone for smoltification, has also been demonstrated in the control of vertebrate metamorphoses. Overall, the larval (primary) and secondary metamorphoses observed in various vertebrates, and the recruitment of thyroid hormones and different neuroendocrine axes for their triggering, have contributed to the evolution of complex life cycles adapted to diverse habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 1-2","pages":"37-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Mechanisms of action and therapeutic perspectives of LSD: Current status].","authors":"Amel Bouloufa, Sarah Delcourte, Nasser Haddjeri","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2025008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and disabling condition affecting over 350 million individuals worldwide. Although conventional antidepressants targeting serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline pathways provide benefit for many, a substantial proportion of patients experience inadequate response. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD), defined by failure to respond to at least two antidepressant trials, affects approximately 30% of patients with MDD and poses significant clinical challenges. Emerging research is exploring novel therapeutics such as psychedelics, notably LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide). Unlike standard antidepressants that target singular pathways, LSD modulates both the serotonin system, particularly the 5-HT2A receptor, and the glutamatergic system, which are critical in neurocircuitry underlying mood regulation. This dual mechanism may enhance neuroplasticity, potentially accounting for the rapid and sustained antidepressant effects observed in preliminary studies. Ongoing clinical trials aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LSD-assisted therapy in MDD, especially TRD. Methodological challenges include designing appropriate placebo controls and ensuring rigorous psychological support to manage the acute psychedelic experience. While still investigational, LSD-assisted therapy represents a promising avenue that may complement existing treatments. Further research is necessary to confirm its clinical utility and establish protocols for safe integration into psychiatric practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 1-2","pages":"89-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Improve athletes' performance with neurofeedback].","authors":"Margaux Izac, Bernard N'Kaoua, Léa Pillette, Camille Jeunet-Kelway","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2025001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to optimise their performance, athletes are looking for innovative, efficient and reliable training approaches. The development of electroencephalography and neurofeedback (NF) offers the opportunity to create innovative cognitive training procedures. Indeed, these technologies allow athletes to benefit from a feedback during mental training sessions and to objectively assess performance and progress. In addition, NF makes it possible to guide the athletes towards optimal cognitive strategies according to their objectives, and has a motivational dimension that pushes them to engage in the sessions. We first introduce the usefulness of NF to improve sports performance. Then, we review the current results concerning its efficiency. Finally, we provide an overview of the literature showing the heterogeneity of the studies published on the subject, focusing mainly on the aspects that could explain the variability of reported data.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 1-2","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The genus Penicillium: Ecology, secondary metabolites and biotechnological applications].","authors":"Dounya Achwak Chemmam, Ghania Bourzama, Mabrouk Chemmam","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2025007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review article presents an in-depth characterization of the genus Penicillium, a major group of filamentous fungal species known for their biological diversity and ecological impact. Methods for the identification of the various Penicillium species combine macroscopic, microscopic and molecular approaches, as well as phylogenetic analysis. In a first part, the ecology of the Penicillium species, their distribution in various habitats and their key role in ecosystems are presented. Particular emphasis is then placed on Penicillium's ability to produce secondary metabolites with a wide variety of biological and pharmacological properties, including anti-microbial molecules, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer and anti-viral compounds. Because these metabolites are of major interest in biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry, further research and development based on the yet untapped therapeutical and economical potential of this fungal genus should be promoted.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 1-2","pages":"69-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assemblée Générale du mardi 18 mars 2025.","authors":"","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2025003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 1-2","pages":"99-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Sleep and neurodevelopment: a timely subject].","authors":"Christophe Langelet, Carmen M Schröder","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2025006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) include a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by an alteration of neurodevelopmental processes leading to a significant impact on the individual's personal, social, and/or academic functioning. Among the many comorbidities frequently associated with NDDs, sleep disturbances play a major role, affecting between 30% and 80% of concerned people. This article explores the various links between sleep and NDDs through a review of the scientific literature highlighting the most recent research in this area, with a particular focus on two neurodevelopmental disorders: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sleep is an essential physiological process regulated by homeostatic and circadian mechanisms, playing a crucial role in brain maturation. In children with ASD, a decrease in the activity of enzymes responsible for melatonin synthesis has been identified, leading to a melatonin production and secretion deficiency that is associated with sleep-wake cycle disturbances. As a result, autistic people suffer from sleep-onset insomnia, sleep-maintenance insomnia with particularly long nocturnal awakenings, and reduced total sleep duration. In ADHD, on the other hand, the most commonly observed sleep disorders include delayed sleep phase syndrome and restless legs syndrome, both responsible for sleep-onset insomnia. Due to its essential role in memory consolidation, emotional regulation, and attention, sleep directly influences an individual's cognitive and behavioral development. Thus, sleep disorders in children with ADHD exacerbate inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, while in children with ASD, they amplify emotional regulation difficulties and behavioral disturbances. Identifying sleep disorders for their management in patients with NDDs is essential to improving their quality of life and reducing the severity of their daytime symptoms. Therapeutic interventions, whether behavioral or pharmacological - particularly melatonin administration - have shown significant efficacy. An integrated, multidisciplinary approach can optimize patient care and enhance their social and cognitive adaptation. A better understanding of the interactions between sleep disorders and NDDs thus opens new avenues for improving strategies in the management of individuals with NDDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 1-2","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Circadian health at the crossroads of physiology and behavior].","authors":"Julien Coelho, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi, Vincent P Martin, Pierre-Alexis Geoffroy, Patrice Bourgin, Pierre Philip, Jacques Taillard","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2025005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian rhythms are major determinants of physical and mental health and sleep at the crossroads of physiology and behavior. Circadian physiology is traditionally described according to three main dimensions: circadian phase, amplitude, and stability. Nycthemeral behaviors are typically characterized by two primary dimensions: nycthemeral timing and regularity. Circadian-related sleep complaints arise from a circadian disruption between circadian physiology and nycthemeral behaviors and represent a potential sixth clinical dimension. Based on scientific knowledge, this article defines each of these dimensions, explores their main determinants (genetics, age and sex, external factors), and presents objective (melatonin, temperature, actimetry) and subjective (sleep diaries, self-report questionnaires) measurement tools. The interactions between these six dimensions are discussed, along with their impact on sleep and health (mental, cardiovascular, metabolic, immune health), and on physical and cognitive performance. Finally, a definition of circadian health is proposed, as well as strategies for its promotion (light exposure, physical activity, melatonin), offering new opportunities for improving public health in both general and clinical populations. Promoting circadian health should take into account all external factors (individual, social, societal, environmental) to be effective and contribute to reducing health inequalities. In the future, developing a unique tool to measure circadian health could enhance its characterization and management in both general and clinical populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 1-2","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Orally active brain aminopeptidase A inhibitors on heart failure after myocardial infarction: Their development up to phase II clinical trials].","authors":"Solène E Boitard, Catherine Llorens-Cortes","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2025004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathophysiology of heart failure after myocardial infarction involves, as arterial hypertension, hyperactivity of the brain renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic overactivation. Among the main effector peptides of the brain renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin II (AngII) and angiotensin III (AngIII) similarly activate type 1 angiotensin receptors, thereby increasing blood pressure and inducing cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Since AngII is converted in vivo into AngIII, the nature of the effector peptide remained to be clarified. We identified the enzymes involved in the metabolism of brain angiotensins and developed specific and selective inhibitors. These studies revealed the key role of brain AngIII in blood pressure regulation and cardiac function, highlighting brain aminopeptidase A, the enzyme responsible for brain AngIII formation, as a potential therapeutic target for treating arterial hypertension and myocardial infarction-induced heart failure. This led to the development of two, orally active, centrally acting, aminopeptidase A inhibitors, firibastat and QGC606, which were tested in various experimental models of arterial hypertension and heart failure, and demonstrated therapeutic potentialities up to phase 2 clinical trials in patients after myocardial infarction.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 1-2","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A physicist amongst the biologists: Arsène d'Arsonval (1851-1940)].","authors":"André Calas","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2025009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2025009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This short review relates the key events in the life of Arsène d'Arsonval (1851-1940) who, after training as a physician, started his professional cursus as Claude Bernard's assistant at the Collège de France, to sucessfully reach in 1894 the head position of the Department of Experimental Medicine, after Brown-Sequard, who succeeded the Master Bernard. With this chair position, Arsène d'Arsonval had the opportunity to lead the Biological Physics laboratory built for him in the Collège's annex at Nogent-sur-Marne, a key function that he proceeded with until his retirement in 1930. Elected to the Académie de Médecine and then to the Académie des Sciences, and promoted to the prestigious Grand-Croix de la Légion d'Honneur, d'Arsonval presided over the Société de Biologie from 1928 to 1933, despite having a scientific profile more related to physics than biology. His work was as multifaceted as it was abundant (800 publications), and ranged from opotherapy, which laid the foundations of endocrinology, to air liquefaction. But his major contributions concerned electricity, its applications to telephony, and above all its relationship with the living organism. He notably contributed to important studies on bio-electrogenesis, but even more so on the biological and therapeutic effects of sinusoidal currents (d'Arsonvalisation). Recognized as an \"official scientist\" of the 3rd Republic, d'Arsonval died at the start of his third French-German war in his native Limousin village, where his memory is faithfully perpetuated.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"219 1-2","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antigens (ANCA)-associated vasculitis: Current therapeutics].","authors":"Loïc Guillevin","doi":"10.1051/jbio/2024001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2024001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ANCA-associated vasculitis brings together three diseases, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. This group of diseases has benefited over the last 3 decades from major therapeutic advances both in terms of therapeutic strategies and availability of new drugs, mainly for targeted therapies. Treatments, whether conventional or not, include an induction phase followed by a maintenance phase. Induction treatment today poses few problems. It is essentially based on the combination of corticosteroids and rituximab or cyclophosphamide. Remission is achieved in less than 6 months and maintenance treatment, preventing relapses, is then started. We showed that the best maintenance treatment was rituximab, surpassing the efficacy of methotrexate or azathioprine. During this phase, corticosteroid therapy is stopped or given at a very small dose. In Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GEPA), the strategy is slightly different and there is a lack of prospective trials to demonstrate the benefits of rituximab or mepolizumab (anti-IL5) in inducing remission. Regarding maintenance treatment, prolonged corticosteroid therapy (orally and/or inhaled) is often necessary to control asthmatic disease. Only mepolizumab has shown its ability to prevent relapses and reduce the dose of corticosteroids controlling asthma. The current questions posed by maintenance treatment are its duration which could be variable and adapted to the risk of relapse and the risks induced by prolonged immunosuppression, particularly infectious.</p>","PeriodicalId":39068,"journal":{"name":"Biologie Aujourd''hui","volume":"218 1-2","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}